著者
吉岡 敏和
出版者
日本地球惑星科学連合
雑誌
日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
巻号頁・発行日
2018-03-14

おおいた豊後大野ジオパークでは,2016年4月の熊本地震の後,2017年には豊後大野市朝地町綿田地区における地すべりや,9月の台風18号による水害など,多くの自然災害に見舞われた.本ジオパーク内のサイトについても,熊本地震に伴って轟橋基部の柱状節理が崩落したほか,台風18号の際に白山渓谷の轟木橋が損壊するなど,いくつかの直接的被害があった.このような自然災害は,サイトの保全という観点からは損害をもたらすものでしかない.しかしながら,そもそも自然災害は地質現象そのものであり,本ジオパークのメインテーマである阿蘇火砕流にしても,もしそこに人類が生活していれば,壊滅的な被害をもたらした巨大災害になっていたことは間違いない.また,火砕流堆積物を谷が浸食し,滝や断崖絶壁といった景勝地が形成されたのも,度重なる洪水や斜面崩落などの積み重ねでしかない.さらに,深い谷と激流を克服しようとして造られたアーチ式石橋や,断崖を利用して彫られた磨崖仏なども,このような地質学的,地形学的現象の産物と言うことができよう.これまでの防災教育は,どちらかと言えば危険の周知や避難・備蓄の推奨などが中心で,災害発生メカニズムやその背景となる地質・地形環境についての啓発活動は,十分になされてきたとは言い難い.そのような中で,ジオパーク活動を進めることによって,住民一人一人が自分達の住む地域がどのように形成されたかに関心を持ち,住民自らによる災害の予測や災害時の的確な行動につながることが期待できる.おおいた豊後大野ジオパークでは,今後もシンポジウムや講演会などを通じて,地域の地質・地形をより深く理解するための活動を推進していきたいと考えている.
著者
HIRANO Kohin MAKI Masayuki
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2018-028, (Released:2018-02-24)
被引用文献数
8

This paper reports the development of a very-short-range nowcast system, VIL Nowcast, which aims to provide precise forecasts of imminent rainfall, and in particular, heavy and localized events. The system is based on the vertically integrated liquid water content (VIL), which is estimated from three-dimensional radar observations as well as the 1-minute-resolution rainfall map obtained from the X-band polarimetric (multi-parameter) RAdar Information Network (XRAIN), to predict rainfall amounts over 10 minutes periods that extend to 10--60 minutes into the future. The spatial resolution of VIL Nowcast was 500 m, and nowcasts were produced at a temporal resolution of 5 minutes. Three precipitation events, of which two were isolated storms and one was a synoptic storm, were used as case studies to verify the model. The performance of VIL Nowcast was evaluated against the XRAIN radar rainfall data and an existing rainfall-rate nowcast system using the same advection scheme. The scope of the evaluation was limited mainly to the first prediction for 10 minutes ahead. It was found that VIL Nowcast showed a small, statistically significant improvement over the entire precipitation event, although its skill decreased at longer lead times and at higher thresholds. The key findings of this study are: (1) VIL Nowcast appears capable of generating skillful forecasts at short lead times, even for very localized heavy rainfall; (2) VIL Nowcast can reduce the time lag in the rainfall-rate nowcast system at initiation and peak precipitation; and (3) this system may improve the accuracy of heavy rainfall alerts provided for public activities and emergency alarms.
著者
Robert CIFELLI V. CHANDRASEKAR Haonan CHEN Lynn E. JOHNSON
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2018-016, (Released:2018-01-12)
被引用文献数
64

An X-band radar system was deployed in Santa Clara, CA from February through May 2016 to support the National Weather Service in the event of potential flooding during one of the largest El Niños on record and to provide better understanding of rainfall processes occurring in the Bay Area. The system was also used to provide high quality precipitation estimation (quantitative precipitation estimation - QPE) for Santa Clara’s urban hydrologic modeling system. Although the Bay Area has coverage from the NEXRAD operational radar network, the combination of topographic influences and proximity to a maritime environment provide unique QPE challenges in this urban region. The X-band radar provided high quality rainfall estimates that performed better than NEXRAD, demonstrating the added value of the X-band system. High resolution rainfall monitoring systems in urban regions also provide a host of benefits across different sectors of the economy, including flood damage mitigation, water quality, water supply, and transportation.
著者
Tetsuya SANO Satoru OISHI
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II (ISSN:00261165)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2018-012, (Released:2017-12-21)
被引用文献数
2

To elucidate the formation of a localized rainfall on a basin with heat and aridity under weak synoptic disturbance in summer, the characteristics of atmospheric conditions on the Kofu Basin preceding the appearance of primary precipitating cells were described from 23 localized rainfall events on the Kofu Basin on days of weak synoptic disturbance at the surface from 1 June to 30 September in 2012 to 2014. Furthermore, using the case study conducted on 25 July 2014, the formation of the atmospheric conditions was described from the standpoint of moisture behavior. Owing to the thermal contrast between the Kofu Basin with heat and aridity and the outside environment, the south-component wind blowing in the valley connecting it to the coastal region of Suruga Bay and the east-component wind blowing in the valley connecting it to the Kanto Plain entered the Kofu Basin as southwesterly wind and southeasterly wind, respectively, which caused an increase in the water vapor mixing ratio and a slight decrease in temperature at the surface. After that, the amount of precipitable water vapor derived by the global navigation satellite system observation (GNSS-PWV) at Nakamichi in the central region of the Kofu Basin increased abruptly after the moderate increase in GNSS-PWV at all the observation points on the Kofu Basin. Finally, a cloud appeared over the local region between the southwesterly wind and the southeasterly wind; the precipitating cells appeared here at 3.25 to 6.25 km above sea level. From the above results, the moisture transport to the Kofu Basin, the moisture concentration in the local region, and the appearance of precipitating cells were discussed as the formation of atmospheric conditions leading to a localized rainfall on a basin with heat and aridity.
著者
関澤 偲温 中村 尚 小坂 優
出版者
日本地球惑星科学連合
雑誌
日本地球惑星科学連合2018年大会
巻号頁・発行日
2018-03-14

Variability of convective activity over the Maritime Continent (MC) influences climatic condition over East Asia via atmospheric teleconnections, through which SST variability such as ENSO is considered to provide seasonal predictability. In boreal winter, interannual variability of convection is centered around Indonesia and northern Australia, representing significant variability in the Australian summer monsoon (AUSM). Through an analysis of observational data, we show that interannual variability of austral summertime precipitation over northern Australia is hardly driven by tropical SST variability and is dominated by the internal variability of AUSM. Our analysis suggests that anomalously active AUSM sustains itself by inducing anomalous low-level westerlies over the eastern Indian Ocean and enhancing surface evaporation and moisture inflow into northern Australia. Anomalous AUSM activity is associated with distinct wavetrain pattern from the MC toward the extratropical North Pacific with dipolar pressure anomalies resembling the Western Pacific pattern. This teleconnection modulates the East Asian winter monsoon and exerts a significant impact on wintertime temperature and precipitation especially in Japan and Korea. This study reveals that interannual variability of the AUSM, which is unforced locally or remotely by tropical SST variability, substantially limits seasonal predictability in wintertime East Asia.

2 0 0 0 OA 俳諧馬の糞

著者
高浜虚子 著
出版者
俳書堂
巻号頁・発行日
1906
著者
福島 洋佑 熊澤 知喜
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター
雑誌
赤門マネジメント・レビュー (ISSN:13485504)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.5, pp.233-238, 2017-10-25 (Released:2017-10-25)
参考文献数
4

本稿では、組織アイデンティティ研究分野において著名なHatch and Scultz (2002) の内容をレビューし、同論文の正確な理解を試みる。同論文では、組織アイデンティティと組織イメージ、組織文化との間で生じる動学的なプロセスをモデル化しており、こうしたプロセスが遮断された際、組織が陥る二つの機能不全について述べている。こうした機能不全は同論文内では並立して描かれているが、同時に起こり得るものではなく、図の解釈において注意が必要であるというのが本稿の主張である。
著者
Kazuma Emoto Yoshinori Takao Hitoshi Kuninaka
出版者
Japanese Society for Biological Sciences in Space
雑誌
Biological Sciences in Space (ISSN:09149201)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, pp.1-5, 2018 (Released:2018-04-28)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
4

We propose radiation shielding using Martian magnetic anomalies to protect human crews on the Martian surface. We have simulated the trajectories of energetic protons using the Buneman-Boris method to measure how magnetic anomalies affect the impact rate on the Martian surface. Protons from the west can be completely eliminated, while those from the east are concentrated on the area between the magnetic poles. This would mean crews would need to concern themselves about radiation from the vertex and east only. A Martian magnetic anomaly can therefore be used to realize continuous and efficient radiation shielding.
著者
石塚 喜明
出版者
一般社団法人 日本土壌肥料学会
雑誌
日本土壌肥料学雑誌 (ISSN:00290610)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.4, pp.248-263, 1940-04-25 (Released:2017-06-30)

The author studied the causal nature of the toxic action of copper-ions on the growth of rice plant. The growth of the rice plant compared, in water culture, under the following conditions : - (a) The root is placed in the nutrient solution without copper. (b) The root is placed in the nutrient solution with copper. (c) One half of the root is placed in the solution without copper while the other half with. And the following conclusions are obtained. (1) The rice plant absorbs easily copper-ions in the nutrient solution. (2) The greater part of copper-ions absorbed is fixed in the root. The function of the root, especially its absorptive function, is thereby injured. (3)This injurious effect inhibits the root from absorbing the further amounts of copper-ions which seem to protect itself from the further action of copper. (4) The absorption of nutrients is also inhibited. Then the plant growth does not proceed normally. (5) Though onehalf root is placed in the nutrient solution with copper the plant does not suffer an injurious effect even in the concentration of 100 ppm of copper-ions if the other half is placed in the solution without copper. When the entire root is placed in the nutrient solution containing copper the plant dies in a short time even in the concentration of 50 ppm of copper-ions. (6) The rice plant growth well until the copper content of the top reaches the concentration of 100 gamma per 1 g of air-dried sudstance, regardless of the supply of nutrient solution.
著者
小泉 公乃
出版者
三田図書館・情報学会
雑誌
Library and information science (ISSN:03734447)
巻号頁・発行日
no.63, pp.41-59, 2010

原著論文【目的】本研究の目的は, 第一に, これまで定性的に述べられてきた大学図書館における図書館員と教員の選書が, 利用者の貸出や蔵書構築にどのような影響を与えているのかを定量的に明らかにすることである。第二は, 蔵書の状況や利用者の貸出の状況を定量的に分析することで, 図書館員と教員の選書の特徴を明らかにすることである。第三は, 複数の蔵書評価法を選書研究に適用することで, その有効性を探ることである。【方法】定量的な蔵書評価法である利用統計分析法とチェックリスト法を採用し, 慶應義塾大学三田メディアセンターの経済学分野の図書を対象に, 図書館員と教員の選書を比較した。利用統計分析法では, 1)蔵書受入冊数, 2)蔵書回転率, 3)非貸出図書の所蔵率, 4)年5回以上貸出のある図書の割合, 5)利用者別の貸出率, 6)利用者別の蔵書回転率, 7)オブソレッセンスという七つの観点から分析を行なった。また, チェックリスト法では, 1)他大学図書館の目録, 2)経済学分野で書評された図書, 3)『選定図書総目録』, 4)修士・博士論文の引用文献という四つの観点からチェックリストを作成し, 分析を行なった。【結果】図書館員と教員の選書には, 明らかな特徴の違いがあった。利用統計分析法から, 図書館員は和図書を多く選書し, 教員は図書館員に比べると洋図書を多く選書していた。図書館員が選書した和図書は多く貸し出され, 教員が選書した図書はその多くが貸し出されていなかった。図書館員が選書した図書は, 利用者の種類を問わず, 繰り返し貸し出されていた。また, 図書館員が選書した図書は, 長期にわたり貸し出される傾向にあった。チェックリスト法からは, 図書館員の選書は教員に比べて, チェックリストとの重複率が格段に高いことがわかった。複数の蔵書評価法を適用することで, 選書者の特徴を実証的に提示できたことから, 蔵書評価法は選書研究に有効な手法であることが明らかになった。