著者

松本 三和夫

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.30-43,123, 1992-06-30 (Released:2009-09-16)

参考文献数

35

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科学者、科学者の行動、科学者のネットワーク、科学者集団、科学制度、社会システムのすくなくとも六つの活動水準を分析の単位として、どのような型の首尾一貫した科学社会学の理論が構成できるかを吟味し、理論の帰結を科学者集団の制度化論に関連づけて特定する。一九八〇年代以降、科学社会学は問題ごと、研究センターごとに研究スタイルの細分化が進むいっぽう、分野全体を基礎づける概念や理論にかならずしもじゅうぶんな見通しが得られていない。こうした状況に鑑み、本稿ではまず科学社会学の基礎概念を決め、研究前線における多様な研究動向間の橋渡しが可能なよう、科学社会学の外延を確定する。ついで、科学社会学の課題の内包を内部構造論、制度化論、相互作用論に分節して特定し、科学者集団の状態記述に関するかぎり、各課題が相互に共約可能であることを証明する。最後に、制度化論を見本例として理論の含意を例示する。とりわけ、制度化がじっさいにどのような起こり方をするかのパターンに関する規約 (制度化の規約) を理論に導入すべきことを提唱する。それを用いて理論を展開し、事実分析にとって有意味な、しかし直観だけではみえにくい逆説的な帰結 (専門職業化が制度化を伴わぬ事例 [ナチズム科学] の存在) が導けることを示したい。

著者

長谷川 晃

出版者

日本感情心理学会

雑誌

感情心理学研究 (ISSN:18828817)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.47-55, 2013-02-20 (Released:2013-04-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of the present study was to develop the Depressive Rumination Interview Task (DRI task), an interview method to assess the perseveration of depressive rumination, and to investigate the validity of rumination steps emitted in the task. Sixty one undergraduate and graduate students participated in the study. Participants completed self-report measures of depressive rumination (Negative Rumination of the Japanese version of the Response Styles Questionnaire) and depression (the Japanese version of the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale). They also undertook the DRI task. In this task, participants answered the questions “Why is it that X makes you feel depressed?”, where X was either the initial topic of depression they mentioned, or their response at the previous step. The number of rumination steps emitted in the DRI task significantly positively correlated with depression (r=.29, p<.05), and marginally significantly positively correlated with self-report measure of depressive rumination (r=.24, p<.10). These results suggested moderate validity of rumination steps. It was suggested that refinement of the DRI task and re-examination of the validity of rumination steps emitted in the task were needed. Improved assessment methods of depressive rumination will contribute to a better understanding of this perseverative negative thinking.

著者

高橋 夕子 岡部 忠志 沖村 幸枝 本田 孝行 加藤 祐美子 川上 由行

出版者

Japanese Society of Environmental Infections

雑誌

環境感染 (ISSN:09183337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4, pp.270-274, 1999-11-30 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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日常業務における看護婦の手の細菌汚染状況を調べ, ゲル状および液状アルコール性消毒剤の消毒効果について検討した. まず, 女性2名, 男性1名で消毒剤の消毒効果について検討した. 両消毒剤とも女性ではメーカ推奨量で十分な効果が得られた. 手の大きい男性では不十分であったが, 増量することにより十分な消毒効果が得られた. つぎに看護婦8名を対象とし, 引継ぎ, 検温, 清潔業務別に細菌汚染について検討した. どの業務においても看護婦の手は10種類以上の細菌に汚染されており, 水を使用する清潔業務において最も強い細菌汚染が認められた. 院内感染で問題となるMRSAや.Pseudomonas aeruginosa汚染も単発的に認められた.Bacillus属を除く細菌に対して液状消毒剤, ゲル状消毒剤共に良好な消毒効果が得られた. 医療従事者は常に自らの手が細菌に汚染されていると考えるべきであり, 患者に接する場合, 安価な液状消毒剤, ベッドサイドで使用できるゲル状消毒剤を使い分けることにより, ある程度院内感染を防ぐことが可能であると考えられた.

著者

粕田 晴之 福田 博一 林 和 相賀 美幸 島崎 則子 越智 芳江

出版者

Japanese Society of Environmental Infections

雑誌

環境感染 (ISSN:09183337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.132-135, 1999-05-20 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

28

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本邦での手術時手洗いはスクラブ剤を使用したブラシングを中心に行われてきたが, この方法は皮膚を損傷するおそれのあることと手洗い時間が長いという欠点を有している.我々は, 先に看護婦を対象としグローブジュース法を用いて擦式エタノール薬を併用した短時間手洗い法の有用性について報告したが, 今回は医師を対象として検討した.手洗い前の片手当り手指生菌数が104cfu以上で, 「現行の手洗い法: 4%クロルヘキシジンを用い, 素洗いと3回のブラシングで計8分間の手洗い」と「新しい手洗い法: 4%クロルヘキシジンを用いた揉み洗い2回と爪周囲のブラシング1回, 0.2%クロルヘキシジン添加エタノール液を用いたラビング1回で計4分間の手洗い」を2回づつ実施できた外科系医師28名を対象とした.指数減少値からみた減菌効果が, 「現行の手洗い法」では手洗い直後および3時間後が1.49±0.66 (M±SD) および0.99±0.71であったのに対し, 「新しい手洗い法」ではそれぞれ1.61±0.55および1.44±0.52と高い値を示し, 3時間後では両者に有意差が認められた (p<0.05).「新しい手洗い法」は, 揉み洗い中心の短時間で簡便な方法であるにもかかわらず, 手洗い直後ばかりでなく, 手袋をして3時間後にも引き続き殺菌効果を持続する有用な手洗い法であることが示された.

著者

渡辺 靖

出版者

一般社団法人 日本繊維製品消費科学会

雑誌

繊維製品消費科学 (ISSN:00372072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.5, pp.176-181, 1978-05-25 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

9

著者

岩沢 久彰 解良 芳夫

出版者

日本爬虫両棲類学会

雑誌

爬虫両棲類学雑誌 (ISSN:02853191)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.73-89, 1980-07-30 (Released:2009-03-27)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2 19

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A table for the normal stages of the development of the Japanese lungless salamander, Onychodactylus japonicus, is presented. Adult males and females, collected in Hinoémata, Fukushima Prefecture, in the breeding season, were injected with frog pituitaries, and oviposition was induced. The number of eggs laid by one female was 11 on the average. The eggs are pale yellow in color and ca. 5mm in diameter. The temperature of the water in which the materials were kept was maintained at 10±1°C. The progress of development is remarkably slow. Under the present conditions, the embryos hatched at the age of 142 days on the average. In contrast to most amphibian species, the 3rd cleavage is meridional and the 4th one is latitudinal. Under field conditions, the period of larval life is fully 2 years, and the body size of metamorphosing larvae is 7-10cm in total length. The process of development from fertilization till the completion of metamorphosis is divided into 72 stages. External characteristics in each stage are described in tabular form, and illustrated with sketches.

著者

岩澤 久彰 山下 香

出版者

日本爬虫両棲類学会

雑誌

爬虫両棲類学雑誌 (ISSN:02853191)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.39-62, 1991-12-31 (Released:2009-03-27)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

56

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A table for the normal stages of development of a hynobiid salamander, Hynobius nigrescens Stejneger, is presented. The materials used in the present study were collected from a breeding pond in Iwamuro-mura, Niigata Prefecture. The eggs were ca. 2.6mm in diameter. The larvae were fed on Tubifex. Under a constant temperature of 17°C, the larvae metamorphosed at the age of 80 days. and the total length of these metamorphosed animals was 53.4mm on the average. The ratio of body length, measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior angle of the vent, to total length in the metamorphosed animals was 58.3% on the average in 63 individuals. The process of development from just after spawning till the completion of metamorphosis is here divided into 73 stages. External characteristics in each stage are described in tabular form, and illustrated with sketches.

著者

生田 幸士

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.141-146, 2008 (Released:2010-12-13)

参考文献数

21

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新原理と新概念にこだわったマイクロ・ナノマシン技術と,数ミクロンの細胞から深部臓器まで,異なるスケールの生体を対象とした未来医用ロボティクスの世界を述べる.光で造り,光で動かすナノマシンについては,素材,作製手法,駆動制御からリアルタイムの力計測まで完成し,今や細胞の力学特性も精密に測定できるようになった.さらに,化学 ICと名づけたマイクロプラントや生分解性の人工毛細血管デバイスまで到達した.

著者

Yanyan CHENG Jiangdong XUE Chunyu YAO Li Gao Dexing MA Yan LIU Zhigang ZHANG

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0004, (Released:2013-04-16)

被引用文献数

3 7

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible protection of resveratrol against lung injury induced by arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Twenty-four healthy Chinese Dragon-Li cats of either sex were randomly divided into four groups: control (1 ml/kg physiological saline), As2O3 (1 mg/kg), resveratrol (3 mg/kg) and resveratrol (3 mg/kg) + As2O3 (1 mg/kg). The resveratrol + As2O3 treated-group was given resveratrol 1 hr before As2O3 (1 mg/kg) administration. We found that pretreatment with resveratrol in a clinically comparable dose regimen can reversed the changes in morphological and biochemical parameters induced by As2O3 in lung. Resveratrol treatment also up-regulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and attenuated As2O3-induced increases in reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde production in lung. In addition, resveratrol attenuated the As2O3-induced reduction in the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, the content of total glutathione and lung arsenic burden. These findings indicated that resveratrol can give a significant protection against As2O3-induced oxidative damage.

著者

高橋 正紘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本めまい平衡医学会

雑誌

Equilibrium Research (ISSN:03855716)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.204-211, 2011 (Released:2011-08-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 2

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I have investigated lifestyles, behavior patterns, causative factors, and progression of hearing loss in many patients with Meniere's disease, and found that lack of recompense for pressure of business, patience or service is responsible for the onset or progression of the disease. Further, aerobic exercise proved very effective to stop vertigo and improve fixed hearing loss. Three years ago, I advocated a new therapy for Meniere's disease consisting of aerobic exercise and countermeasures to remove the harmful factors in daily life (aiming at good sleep, omission, and relaxation). Because the new therapy has been far more effective than any conventional therapies, we must renew the treatment concept of and therapeutic strategy for Meniere's disease. I suspect the possibility that the CNS emotional center, stimulated by lack of recompense against stress in activities of daily living, influences the hypothalamus, which in turn reduces blood flow to the inner ear, and produces endolymphatic hydrops. Aerobic exercise, together with correction of irregular or inactive lifestyles, removes unhealthy factors, improves the subject's general physical condition, and finally cures endolymphatic hydrops.

著者

尾高 潤一郎 中田 高 後藤 秀昭 朝日 克彦 坂本 晃章 蓬田 清 千田 昇

出版者

日本活断層学会

雑誌

活断層研究 (ISSN:09181024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.14, pp.80-106, 1996-03-25 (Released:2012-11-13)

参考文献数

11

著者

編集委員会

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ゴム協会

雑誌

日本ゴム協会誌 (ISSN:0029022X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.5, pp.271-277, 1999 (Released:2007-07-09)

参考文献数

3

著者

常岡 和子 HIROSHI ISHIHARA ALEXANDER BORRISOV DIMCHEV KOJI NOMOTO TERUO YOKOKURA MIKIO SHIKITA

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research 編集委員会

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, pp.147-156, 1994-09-15 (Released:2006-05-19)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

9 14

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A single subcutaneous injection of a preparation of heat-killed Lactobacillus casei (LC 9018), given before or after irradiation, significantly increased the survival rate of mice that had received 8.5-Gy 137Cs whole-body γ-irradiation. A similar radioprotective effect was observed when LC 9018 was administered within the period from 2 days before irradiation to 9 h after irradiation, the pre-irradiation treatment being slightly better than the post-irradiation treatment. Increases in the weight of the spleen and in the number of endogenous spleen colonies on days 8 and 12 after irradiation suggested that the radioprotective effect was based on enhanced recovery of hematopoietic tissues. The activity of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in serum was rapidly increased by the treatment and was maintained at the elevated level for 13 days. At the same time, an increased level of M-CSF mRNA was detected in the livers of the treated mice. However, LC 9018 failed to save the lives of mice when administered 3 days after irradiation, although it increased serum M-CSF as effectively as noted above. The small advantage of the pre-irradiation over the post-irradiation treatment was not explained by the increases of metallothionein in the hematopoietic tissues of the treated mice.

著者

橋本 学

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.13-26, 1990-03-24 (Released:2010-11-17)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

5 22

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Average horizontal crustal strain rates during interseismic period in the Japanese Islands, except the Hokkaido district, are deduced from precise geodetic survey, which has been conducted since the Meiji era. First, distance change rates between the first order triangulation stations are calculated using the weighted least squares method. In regions which suffered from disastrous earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, data before the events are neglected in the above calculation. Second, strain rates in arbitrary triangular regions are estimated.The estimated strain rates ate less than 6×10-7/yr, which is greater than those derived from seismic moment release rate or displacements of active faults. The Japanese Islands may be divided into several provinces on the basis of disstribution of strain rates. In the Tohoku district, a N-S to NE-SW extension is prevailing, and there is a zone of small strain rates which runs parallel to the Oga-Ojika tectonic line proposed by MOGI (1985). This zone may be a boundary between crustal blocks. In the northern Kanto district, strain rates are very small, while a NW-SE compression is predominant in the southern Kanto district. These facts indicate that compressional forces due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate may not be transmitted to the northern Kanto district. There is a zone of large compression which runs from Niigata to Gifu through Matsushiro. These high strain rates show a good correlation with seismic activity in the crust. Although compressional strain rates are prevailing in both the Chubu and the Kinki-Chugoku districts, principal axes abruptly change their directions from NW-SE to E-W at around lake Biwa. The westernmost Chugoku and the northern Kyushu districts are characterized by small extension, which suggests that compressional stress predominant in the Chubu and the Kinki districts may fade out. In the Shikoku district, NW-SE compressional strain rates are prevailing. However, temporal variations in baseline lengths show that the elastic rebound associated with the 1946 Nankaido earthquake did not occur in the western part of shikoku. It is considered that the coupling between the subducting Philippone Sea and the overriding Eurasia plates may vary significantly from east to west. Large N-S trending extensions appear in the central Kyushu district, which is consistent with the spreading of the Beppu-Shimabara graben.

著者

二宗 啓介

出版者

一般社団法人 表面技術協会

雑誌

表面技術 (ISSN:09151869)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.9, pp.579-579, 2008 (Released:2009-04-25)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

Wei-Hsi Chen Tzu-Hui Li Lian-Hui Lee Chih-Cheng Huang

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.17, pp.2439-2441, 2012 (Released:2012-09-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 17

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A nummular headache (NH) is a type of primary headache that results from cranial neuralgia without a known cause. We herein report the case of a woman who suffered two episodes of focal headache in the left parietal area with identical characteristics that were compatible with NH. During the recovery phase of the second NH episode, the pain resurged with shingles coinciding with the painful area. The patient's NH subsided in parallel with resolution of the shingles. These findings support a diagnosis of peripheral neuralgia with NH. Latent virus infections, such as Varicella-zoster virus, that frequently cause distal nerve damage in patients with zoster sine herpete may be associated with epicranial neuralgia and NH.

著者

Yohei Sakamaki Takeshi Kawai Tomoyoshi Kataoka Mitsunori Fukutoku

出版者

(社)電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE Communications Express (ISSN:21870136)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.148-153, 2013-04-15 (Released:2013-04-15)

参考文献数

8

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We propose an intra-node arrayed optical amplifier (AOA) to improve the OSNR of received signals by reducing the insertion loss of multi-degree ROADM nodes. Our AOA shares a pump laser between several EDFAs with the aim of reducing the module size and manufacturing cost compared with the size and cost when only arraying discrete EDFA modules. We confirmed the feasibility of our fabricated AOA experimentally. The experimental results show that the pump power was properly distributed to each EDFA and the OSNR of the received signals was successfully improved for 128-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signal transmission systems.

著者

平川 一臣 原口 強

出版者

日本活断層学会

雑誌

活断層研究 (ISSN:09181024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2001, no.20, pp.i-ii, 2001-06-30 (Released:2012-11-13)

参考文献数

1

著者

Masaaki Ohnishi Masugi Inoue Hiroaki Harai

出版者

一般社団法人 情報処理学会

雑誌

Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.216-224, 2013 (Released:2013-04-15)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3

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In wide-area disaster situations, wireless mesh networks lose data communication reachability among arbitrary pairs of base stations due to the loss of routing information propagation and synchronization. This paper uses a Delaunay overlay approach to propose a distributed networking method in which detour overlay paths are incrementally added to a wireless mesh network in wide-area disaster situations. For this purpose, the following functions are added to each base station for wireless multi-hop communication: obtaining the spatial location, exchanging spatial location messages between base stations, transferring data based on spatial locations of base stations. The proposed method always constructs a Delaunay overlay network with detour paths on the condition that a set of wireless links provides a connected graph even if it does not initially provide reachability among arbitrary base stations in the connected graph. This is different from the previous method that assumes a connected graph and reachability. This paper therefore also shows a new convergence principle and implementation guidelines that do not interfere with the existing convergence principle. A simulation is then used to evaluate the detour length and table size of the proposed method. It shows that the proposed method has scalability. This scalability provides adaptable low-link quality and increases the number of nodes in wide-area disaster situations.

著者

杉本 貴樹 北出 貴嗣 野村 佳克

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本血管外科学会

雑誌

日本血管外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:09186778)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.433-437, 2008-04-25 (Released:2008-05-14)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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下大静脈フィルター(IVCF)の肺血栓塞栓症(PTE)に対する予防効果とフィルターの合併症について検討した.過去 4 年間に静脈血栓塞栓症に対しIVCF留置を行った27例を対象とした.適応は,1;PTEを発症し再発により致死的となり得る例,2;深部静脈血栓症(DVT)の血栓浮遊例,3;DVTの原因病変に対する手術例,4;抗凝固・線溶療法不能な浮遊DVT例,とした.治療は,適応 1 の12例には,組織プラスミノゲンアクチベータ(t-PA)によりPTEの改善を得た後,残存するDVTに対しIVCFを留置した.適応 2 の 6 例は,IVCF下に線溶療法,血栓摘除術を行った.適応 3 の 5 例は,IVCF下に原疾患(腹部腫瘍 3 例,多発骨折 2 例)の手術を行った.適応 4 の 4 例は,脳出血,悪性腫瘍例に対するIVCF留置であった.留置後の評価は胸・腹部X線,心・静脈エコー,CTにて定期的に行った.【結果】適応 1 の 2 例,適応 3 の 1 例で一時留置型IVCFに多量の血栓が認められた.フィルター転位のない 1 例では血栓溶解療法にて血栓が消失したが,転位のあった 2 例では血栓溶解がなく,手術的にIVCF摘出を行った.全体として平均追跡期間22カ月で,この 3 例を含めPTEの発症,再発を認めず,永久留置型IVCFではフィルターに起因する合併症を認めなかった.【結論】IVCFはPTE予防のため有用であった.一方,一時留置型はその柔軟性のため転位によりフィルター内血栓形成の原因となることもあり,注意深い観察を要する.