著者
Masaki TOMOCHI
出版者
Japanese Association For Mathematical Sociology
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.1, pp.19-29, 2010-03-31 (Released:2010-10-03)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
1

The “small-world experiments” by Milgram et al. and the “β model” of small-world networks by Watts et al. are reviewed. Based on the criticism on the “small-world problem” provided by Kleinfeld, a model of a large-scale acquaintance network is constructed under the assumption that the stratified attributes of the nodes affect network formation. The model possesses a feature of self-similarity where connection of several local small-world networks forms a nested small-world network in global.
著者
鈴木 英之
出版者
一般社団法人 日本物理学会
雑誌
日本物理学会誌 (ISSN:00290181)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.2, pp.106-115, 1988-02-05 (Released:2008-04-14)
参考文献数
30

1987年2月, 大マゼラン星雲で発見された超新星は, 実に400年ぶりの明るい超新星であり, 多くの天文学者や物理学者が観測や理論的解析に追われている. 様々な観測手段によって様々な情報かえられているが, とりわけ神岡の陽子崩壊実験グループとそれに続くIMBグループによる人類史上初のニュートリノバーストの観測は, 超新星の研究だけにとどまらず, 素粒子・原子核物理に対しても興味深い情報を提供してくれた. しかし会員諸氏の多くはお星様とは縁遠い生活を送っておられ, ニュートリノバーストをはじめ超新星についてはあまり御存知ないことと思われるので, 本稿では超新星のメカニズムとニュートリノ放出の概要を広く知っていただくため, 一般的な解説を行う。
著者
Noboru MANABE Akira MYOUMOTO Yoshihiro KIMURA Yuzuru IMAI Miki SUGIMOTO Hajime MIYAMOTO Kazuhiro SAKAMAKI Yoshinori OKAMURA Manabu FUKUMOTO
出版者
THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
雑誌
Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.6, pp.j135-j141, 1996 (Released:2010-10-20)
被引用文献数
1 2

哺乳類の卵母細胞は成熟する過程で選抜が行われて大部分の卵母細胞は選択的に死滅するが,この制御機構は未だ不明である.顕微鏡下に卵胞構成細胞を容易に分離調製できるブタ卵胞を材料として,二次卵胞から胞状卵胞に至る過程の卵胞退行における顆粒層細胞アポトーシスの役割とその制御について調べ,次のような結果を得た.はじめにTUNEL法および電顕法にて in situに卵胞退行にともなう顆粒層細胞アポトーシスの推移を観察した結果、内腔側の細胞から始まったアポトーシスは基底膜側に広がること,隣接する顆粒層細胞がアポトーシス小体を取り込むこと,および退行の進行した卵胞でも卵丘細胞にはアポトーシスが認められないことが分かった.なお,アポトーシスの開始は,ウシでは基底膜側から,齧歯類ではランダムであり,種属差があることも分かった.組織学的に見いだされた顆粒層細胞と卵丘細胞間の差異は生化学的に測定したエンドヌクレアーゼ活性の差異としても確認できた.すなわち,顆粒層細胞でのみ中性Ca2+/Mg2+-依存性エンドヌクレアーゼ活性の上昇を認めた.なお,ブタ顆粒層細胞アポトーシスには中性Ca2+-依存性,中性Mg2+-依存性および酸性カチオン非依存性エンドヌクレアーゼは関与しないことが分かった.ついで顆粒層細胞にアポトーシスを誘導できる単クローン抗体を作成し,これによって誘導される顆粒層細胞アポトーシスの進行がシステインプロテアーゼ阻害剤によって阻害されることをフローサイトメトリー法およびDNA電気泳動法にて確認した.顆粒層細胞では,アポトーシスシグナルの細胞内伝達にインターロイキン1β 転換酵素様プロテアーゼが関与していると考えられる.
著者
Jun-ichi SUTO
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1204080804, (Released:2012-04-13)

Growth deficit (gd) is a recessive mutation that occurs spontaneously in the inbred NC/Sgn mouse strain. Because homozygotes (gd/gd) of both sexes are sterile, they must be produced by mating putative heterozygous carriers (+/gd) whose phenotypes are essentially the same as those of wild-type +/+ mice. The objectives of this study were to develop an efficient method that distinguished a gd allele from a wild-type allele and, if possible, to identify nucleotide substitutions responsible for the gd mutation. The location of the gd locus was estimated to be at 58.3 Mbp on chromosome 4, over which Musk is located. An A-to-G base substitution, which resulted in an M826V amino acid exchange, was identified within a tyrosine kinase domain of Musk. This base substitution disrupted a recognition site for NlaIII; this allowed for discriminating the gd allele from the wild-type allele using PCR-RFLP analysis. When 130 (C57BL/6J × NC/Sgn-gd) F2 mice were genotyped by PCR-RFLP analysis, all 32 growth-retarded F2 mice were judged to have the gd/gd genotype. Musk mutations are known to cause congenital myasthenia, which is accompanied by growth retardation, postnatal lethality, and development of a hunchback. These were the typical phenotypes of gd/gd mutants. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that the neighboring genes around the Musk locus are related to the gd phenotype, gd could possibly be classified as a mutant allele of Musk.
著者
Yukitoshi MAKIMURA Koichi ITO Masayoshi KUWAHARA Hirokazu TSUBONE
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1204110810, (Released:2012-04-13)
被引用文献数
4 8

Enteritis has been recognized as a major symptom in domestic animals and human patients suffering from feed and food poisonings. The aim of the present study was to clarify the excitatory mechanism of the pelvic nerve afferent which may influence the occurrence of enteritis in response to nociceptive chemical stimuli of the colon in normal and abnormal rats with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The pelvic nerve afferent activity was markedly increased by colonic instillation of solution (0.5 ml) of acetic acid (5–25%) and capsaicin (100μg/ml). The nerve activity was augmented by colonic instillation of capsaicin to a greater extent in rats with DSS-induced colitis than in normal control rats. This augmented activity by capsaicin was more prominent at one day (DSS-1) than at 8 day (DSS-8) after the administration of DSS. The increased nerve activity caused by capsaicin in DSS-1 and DSS-8 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with ruthenium red, which is a nonselective inhibitor of TRP channels of unmyelinated C-fibers (nociceptors). In conclusion, it was elucidated that the nociceptive function of the pelvic nerve was largely elevated at one day after DSS-induced colitis and such increased function was mostly mediated by TRP channels.
著者
Tsuyoshi HOMMA Michio FUJISAWA Kiyoshi ARAI Marie ISHII Toshio SADA Masahiro IKEDA
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1204080807, (Released:2012-04-13)
被引用文献数
13 16

Although some clinical studies have suggested that spironolactone (SPL), a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, appears to increase the blood glucose levels, experimental studies have not supported this notion. Here, we investigated the effect of SPL on blood glucose levels in SHR/NDmcr-cp(cp/cp) (ND) rats, an animal model of metabolic syndrome, in comparison with that of eplerenone (EPL), another MR antagonist. At the same dose of 100 mg/kg, SPL and EPL increased the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio to a comparable extent, indicating that both agents have similar renal MR antagonistic efficacy in ND rats. Interestingly, SPL but not EPL significantly increased the level of blood glucose. The oral glucose tolerance test revealed that treatment with SPL led to glucose intolerance. The levels of serum insulin and adiponectin, regulators of the blood glucose level, were virtually unaffected by treatment with SPL. On the other hand, SPL induced a marked increase in the blood level of aldosterone, known to be a risk factor for insulin resistance. These results demonstrate that in comparison with EPL, SPL characteristically impairs glucose tolerance in an animal model of metabolic syndrome, in association with a higher blood level of aldosterone.
著者
Yoshiro ENDO Takeru TSUCHIYA Fumio SATO Harutaka MURASE Takaya OMURA Kenji KOROSUE Yasuo NAMBO Mutsuki ISHIMARU Yasuhiro WAKUI
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1204080805, (Released:2012-04-13)
被引用文献数
7 11

Prevalence of equine gastric ulcer syndrome in 85 young Thoroughbreds was investigated. The presence of gastric ulcers was confirmed in 27.1% (23/85) of the horses by endoscopic examination. For 62 horses without gastric ulcers were allocated randomly to either the treated group (31 horses) or sham-dosed control group (31 horses) in order to investigate the efficacy of omeprazole oral paste in the prevention of gastric ulcers. At the second endoscopic examination conducted after 28 days of administration, only 1 horse in the treated group developed gastric ulcers while 12 horses developed gastric ulcers in the control group. Based on this data, the efficacy of omeprazole in prevention of equine gastric ulcers in young Thoroughbreds during the training period was confirmed.
著者
Kazuo GOTO Mikachi YAMAMOTO Miwa ASAHARA Takashi TAMURA Mitsuru MATSUMURA Nobuhito HAYASHIMOTO Koichi MAKIMURA
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1204080808, (Released:2012-04-13)
被引用文献数
3 12

Mycoplasma species identification is based on biochemical, immunological, and molecular methods that require several days for accurate identification. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a novel method for identification of bacteria and has recently been introduced into the clinical microbiology laboratory as a rapid and accurate technique. This method allows a characteristic mass spectral fingerprint to be obtained from whole inactivated mycoplasmal cells. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of Mycoplasma by comparison with standard sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. We developed the first database of MALDI-TOF MS profiles of Mycoplasma species, containing Mycoplasma pulmonis, M. arthritidis, and M. neurolyticum, which are the most common pathogens in mice and/or rats, and species-specific spectra were recorded. Using the database, 6 clinical isolates were identified. Six tracheal swabs from 4 mice and 2 rats were cultured on PPLO agar for 4 to 7 days, and the colonies were directly applied to analyze the protein profiles. Five strains were identified as M. pulmonis, and 1 strain from a mouse was identified as M. neurolyticum (spectral scores were >2.00); the results were consistent with the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (homologies>97.0%). These data indicate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a clearly rapid, accurate, and cost-effective method for the identification of M. pulmonis isolates, and this system may represent a serious alternative for clinical laboratories to identify Mycoplasma species.
著者
三隅 一人
出版者
数理社会学会
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.1, pp.1-14, 2010-03-31 (Released:2010-10-03)
参考文献数
60
被引用文献数
1

Mathematical sociology provides a nice crossroad for multi-disciplinary communication. For an additional driver for the communication toward theory construction, I propose ‘triple-formalization’ that consists of three elements: classical theory, typification, and case study.     Formalization of classical sociology has been emphasized by T. J. Fararo as neo-classical formalization. Our standpoint is very close to him; however, I additionally emphasize on coming and going before hurrying to unification. In this case, I mean to replace contemporary implications of formalization of a classical theory in a different classical tradition or in a broader (or a different) context of the same tradition. The linkage will bring us, not only a new insight for model specification, but also a new perspective for extending a theory to cover more complex processes.     Many classical studies utilize typification in theory construction. However, it is so often difficult to capture logical construction of processes, in terms of which the researchers should define each conceptual axis and the relationship between them in their typification frameworks. Formalization of typification process is important here, not only because sociological theory is deeply related with such processes behind typification, but also because mathematical sociology is promised to contribute on clarifying such processes. Moreover, focusing on typification will make it easier to consider linkage with case study.     In fact, as many classical studies rely on case study, the comparative secondary analysis of the cases could have great significance. In this case, formalization of typification process will provide generalized frameworks for interpretive comparative analysis and contribute to deepen theoretical implications of the cases. This approach that I call formalization of interpretive analysis of cases could be applied to methodological generalization of counterfactual analysis of a single case.     For an illustration, I introduce the model of complementarity of role expectations. This model synthesizes Parsons and Heider traditions, and provides generalized typification for role relationships. Then, I will focus on some contradictory types and consider cases that could appear in the real world.
著者
武石 賢一郎 松浦 正昭 小宮山 正治
出版者
The Visualization Society of Japan
雑誌
可視化情報学会誌 (ISSN:09164731)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.116, pp.21-27, 2010 (Released:2012-03-03)
参考文献数
21

高温ガスタービンを主機としたコンバインドプラントがその熱効率の良さから脚光を浴びており、最新の産業用ガスタービンのタービン入り口温度は1500℃に達している。最も高温な燃焼ガスに曝されるタービン第一段動静翼の開発がキーポイントである。高温ガスタービンのタービンの翼間流路には複雑な渦システムが形成され、また高負荷化により強い二次流れが生じる。またタービン翼にはフィルム冷却が採用されているため、翼面から吹き出したフィルム空気と主流との混合も生じる。高温強度に耐え高性能で信頼性の高いタービン冷却翼を開発する上で、タービン翼間で生じる熱流動現象を正確に把握する必要があり、このためタービン静止翼列あるいは回転翼列などの試験装置を用いた実験が行われる。本解説では高温ガスタービンに用いるタービン翼の翼およびエンドウォール面上で生じる特徴的な流れを可視化した手法およびその結果について紹介する。
著者
浜田 宏
出版者
数理社会学会
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.317-332, 2009-09-30 (Released:2010-03-30)
参考文献数
15

非協力N人ジレンマゲームは全員が裏切り戦略を選択するという支配戦略解を持つ.本稿では,全員が協力戦略を選択する状態がどのような条件の下で実現するのかという問題を,提携をとおして考える.まずN人ジレンマゲームを提携形ゲームに変換し,全体提携下で全員が協力戦略を選択する条件/一部が選択する条件を示す.次に特性関数をマキシミン値で定義するとコアが存在し,マキシマックス値で定義するとコアが存在しないことを示す.そして提携外のプレイヤーが協力戦略を選択する主観的確率を提携外信頼と定義して,この値によりコアの存在条件を一般化する.その結果,提携外信頼が大きすぎると単独提携への逸脱が生じ,コアが空になることが分かった.
著者
武藤 正義
出版者
数理社会学会
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.301-316, 2009-09-30 (Released:2010-03-30)
参考文献数
25

本稿の目的は,平等主義やマクシミン主義や競争主義など,他者配慮にかんする豊かな意味内容をもった二者関係における評価関数を,公理論的に導くことにある.この評価関数は,自他の利得差の絶対値を含むやや複雑な形をしているが,形式的かつ単純な仮定から導かれる.具体的にはこれらの仮定は,(1)自他の利得が比較できる,(2)利得と評価のそれぞれの(選好)順序が正アフィン変換によっても変わらない,というものである.これらの仮定は平等的な性質をもっていないようにみえるが,演繹的に導出される評価関数は平等主義的なものを含むのである.
著者
窪田 和矢 橋本 禅 星野 敏 九鬼 康彰
出版者
農村計画学会
雑誌
農村計画学会誌 (ISSN:09129731)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.Special_Issue, pp.257-262, 2010-11-30 (Released:2011-11-30)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

In this study, we paid special attention to the role of inspection tours in knowledge transfer from one municipality to another. Using the city of Sasayama and its Basic Ordinance for Local Government as a case, we investigated 1) what kind of knowledge did inspectorates from other municipal governments try to obtain from Sasayama through tours, 2) commonalities and differences of knowledge looked for by inspectorates and 3) why such commonalities and differences arose. Questionnaire and interview survey were employed. Our analysis clarified that category and concreteness of questions raised by inspectorates in tours differs significantly depending on their awareness about and progresses of the draft up of ordinances because, under given time constraints, inspectorates tended to collect knowledge and information with priority which would be useful for their practices.
著者
笠木 伸英
出版者
Japanese Society for Engineering Education
雑誌
工学教育 (ISSN:13412167)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.4, pp.4_4-4_10, 2009 (Released:2009-08-07)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
3 3

A new framework of intersecting institutional spheres of industry, government and academia is proposed to promote better mutual understanding of their roles in human resource development for the coming knowledge-based society. It is encouraged to also involve students to make the development, practice and assessment of universities′ engineering education programs well-balanced, solid and productive. Thus, a unique alliance between industry-government-university-student is established. A prospective university should take an initiative to define four indispensable elements of engineering education program such as a vision, goals, curricula and evaluation, which as a whole should be as a common platform for all stakeholders. A proposal is also made for the method of thesis evaluation, by which the mission and goals can be made much clearer to faculties, students as well as industries.
著者
馬場 錬成
出版者
国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構
雑誌
情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.10, pp.637-643, 2008 (Released:2008-01-01)
参考文献数
19

日本は最近10年間で驚くほど産業構造が変革した。物質社会から知識社会へと移行し,知的財産立国が政策の大きな柱となった。知財の制度改革は急進的に進み,企業も行政も大学も研究者も知財マインドへと変革した。知財をめぐる評価,経営戦略などでも急進的に進化してきた。個人,研究者の創造意欲を引き出す政策が重要になってきており,知財は第2世代へと着実に進展している。これからの企業に求められるのは,社外に創作成果を求めるオープンイノベーションであり,国際化への展開もその一つである。日本はいま大きな曲がり角に立っている。
著者
佐藤 剛 木村 廣道
出版者
日本DDS学会
雑誌
Drug Delivery System (ISSN:09135006)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.2, pp.113-117, 2011 (Released:2011-06-30)

医薬品産業を中核とする医療産業には日本の経済を牽引する知的集約産業としての期待が高まっている. しかしながら, 産業の担い手である日本の製薬企業は世界企業に対して規模において劣後しており, 革新的なイノベーション創出による地位の向上が求められている. 医療技術のシーズの担い手は, 医学・工学・薬学研究の進展とともに, 企業に限らず大学・研究機関, ベンチャー企業などへと多様化してきており, グローバル化が進む医療産業の中でオープンイノベーションを促進する基盤の整備・発展が望まれる.
著者
植田 睦之
出版者
特定非営利活動法人バードリサーチ
雑誌
Bird Research (ISSN:18801587)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.S1-S4, 2012 (Released:2012-04-12)
参考文献数
11

2008年から2010年の3月に北海道小平町において,春期に北へ向かって渡るハシブトガラスとハシボソガラスの飛行位置と個体数,風向を記録した.東よりの風が吹いているときにはカラス類は内陸を渡ることが多く,西よりと北の風の吹いているときには海岸段丘沿いを渡ることが多かった.調査地では西よりの風が吹くと海岸段丘により斜面上昇風が起きる.カラス類はこの斜面上昇風を利用して,渡っていることが示唆される.
著者
周 又紅 韓 静
出版者
一般社団法人 日本環境教育学会
雑誌
環境教育 (ISSN:09172866)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.1, pp.1_82-88, 2008-07-20 (Released:2011-08-31)
参考文献数
4
被引用文献数
1 1