著者
申 吉浩
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.6, pp.459-468, 2009 (Released:2009-08-07)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1

This paper proposes two frameworks to be used in engineering tree kernels. One is to ensure that the resulting tree kernels be positive semidefinite, while the other is for efficient algorithms to compute the kernels based on the dynamic programming. The first framework provides a method to construct tree kernels using primitive kernels for simpler structures (e.g. for labels, strings) as building blocks and a easy-to-check sufficient condition for the resultant tree kernels to be positive semidefinite. The second framework provides a set of templates of algorithms to calculate a wide range of tree kernels in O(|X|3) or O(|X|2)-time, where |X| denotes the number of vertices of trees.
著者
山口 拓 富樫 広子 松本 真知子 吉岡 充弘
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬理学会
雑誌
日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.126, no.2, pp.99-105, 2005 (Released:2005-10-01)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
2 11

高架式十字迷路試験は,抗不安薬をスクリーニングするための不安関連行動評価法として開発され,広く用いられている.また,薬効評価のみならず,遺伝子改変動物や疾患モデル動物の情動機能,特に不安関連行動の行動学的表現型を検索するためのテストバッテリーの一つとしても応用されている.本試験は特別な装置や操作を必要とせず簡便であるが,実験環境の設定条件が結果に大きく影響することから,その結果の解釈には注意する必要がある.重要な実験条件として,(1)実験動物の飼育環境および実験前の処置,(2)照明強度,(3)実験装置の形状が指摘されている.特に照明強度は,定量的に条件を変化させることが可能な設定条件の一つであり,目的に応じた条件設定を行うことによって感度よく不安水準を評価することが可能である.高架式十字迷路を不安誘発のためのストレス負荷方法として利用し,不安惹起中の神経生理・生化学的な生体内変化を自由行動下にて測定する試みがなされている.その一例として,皮質前頭前野におけるセロトニンおよびドパミン遊離の増加が,高架式十字迷路試験試行中の不安誘発に関連した脳内神経伝達物質の変化として部位特異的な役割を演じている可能性が考えられる.このように高架式十字迷路試験は,不安水準の評価法として薬効評価やモデル動物の情動応答を適切に,かつ,簡便に測定できる方法として有用である.また,不安関連行動中の行動変容と生体内変化を同時に解析することは,不安・恐怖・ストレスの神経科学的基盤の解明のみならず,不安障害に対する治療薬の開発に向けての新たな情報が提供されるものと期待される.
著者
古丸 明 堀 寿子 柳瀬 泰宏 尾之内 健次 加藤 武 石橋 亮 河村 功一 小林 正裕 西田 睦
出版者
公益社団法人 日本水産学会
雑誌
日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, no.4, pp.621-629, 2010 (Released:2010-10-11)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
4 6

シジミ属(Corbicula)の種判別を目的とし,日本,中国,朝鮮半島産 4 種(C. japonica, C. fluminea, C. largillierti, C. leana)と不明種 (C. sp.) mtDNA16S rDNA の配列(437 bp)を比較した。ヤマトシジミ C. japonica と淡水産シジミ類間の塩基置換率は平均 5.98%(5.26-6.41%)で判別は容易であった。日本産と朝鮮半島産ヤマトシジミ間の置換率は低かった(0-1.14%)が,ハプロタイプ頻度の相違から産地判別は可能であった。
著者
江馬 眞 納屋 聖人 吉田 喜久雄 永翁 龍一
出版者
The Japanese Society of Environmental Toxicology
雑誌
環境毒性学会誌 (ISSN:13440667)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.1, pp.1-18, 2009 (Released:2010-07-01)
参考文献数
80

The present paper summarizes the data available in the literature concerning toxicity of the degradation products of 1,1,1,2-tetrahydrofluoroethane (HFC-134a), which is widely used worldwide as a refrigerant, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), which is developed as a refrigerant for new generation. There are many studies available for toxic effects of carbon dioxide CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) in humans and animals. General toxicity of excessive CO2 exposure in humans is well reported. However, information on reproductive and developmental toxicity of CO2 in humans and animals is inadequate for risk assessment. As for CO, further studies are required to evaluate the adverse effects of chronic exposure to low and near ambient levels of CO on development of fetuses and newborn infants in marginal condition because of high susceptibility to hypoxic effect in fetuses and newborn infants. There is a lack of information on toxicity of trifluoroacetic acid, carbonyl fluoride, hydrogen fluoride, and formic acid in humans and animals. Animal studies remain necessary for risk assessment of chemicals because it is difficult to find alternative methods to determine the toxic effect of chemicals.
著者
笠井 久豊 川口 香 村林 由紀 佐久間 隆幸 森谷 勲 清水 敦哉
出版者
日本静脈経腸栄養学会
雑誌
静脈経腸栄養 (ISSN:13444980)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.2, pp.577-582, 2009 (Released:2009-05-28)
参考文献数
14

【目的】経皮内視鏡的胃瘻造設術 (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: PEG) 施行後30日以内の早期死亡を予測できる指標を明らかにするため本研究を行った。【対象及び方法】2003年5月から2005年12月までにPEGを施行した170例につき年齢、術前の血清アルブミン値、トランスサイレチン値および総リンパ球数と早期死亡率との関連を検討した。【結果】PEG施行170例のうち早期死亡例は18例 (10.6%) であった。血清アルブミン値が2.5g/dl以下の症例の早期死亡率は有意に高率であり、特に90歳以上の症例では50%と極めて高率であった。多変量解析では血清アルブミン値が最も予後に相関する因子であった。【結論】PEG施行後の早期死亡の予測には、血清アルブミン値が最も適しており、本測定値が2.5g/dl以下の症例には、PEGの適応決定には慎重であるべきと思われた。
著者
Tatsuro Ishizaki Taketo Furuna Yuko Yoshida Hajime Iwasa Hiroyuki Shimada Hideyo Yoshida Shu Kumagai Takao Suzuki
出版者
日本疫学会
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.3, pp.176-183, 2011-05-05 (Released:2011-05-05)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
11 27

Background: Few studies have examined whether declines over time in hand-grip strength (HGS) and fast walking speed (FWS) differ by sex and age among non-Western community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to quantify changes in HGS and FWS over the 6-year period from 1994 to 2000 and examine whether these changes differed by sex and baseline age among older individuals in a Japanese community.Methods: We conducted a community-based prospective cohort study. The participants were 513 nondisabled men and women aged 67 to 91 years at the 1994 survey. Independent variables regarding time since baseline, in addition to various time-dependent and time-independent covariates, were obtained in 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. The outcome variables were HGS and FWS assessed at each survey. All data on independent and dependent variables that were collected at each survey were simultaneously analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model.Results: The linear mixed-effects model revealed significant declines in both HGS (−0.70 kg/year, P < 0.001) and FWS (−0.027 m/sec/year, P < 0.001) among nondisabled older participants who had analyzable data in any survey during the 6-year period. Sex was significantly associated with the rate of decline in HGS (P < 0.001), but not FWS (P = 0.211).Conclusions: In this analysis of nondisabled older Japanese, a mixed-effects model confirmed a significant effect of aging on declines in HGS and FWS and showed that men had a significantly steeper decline in HGS than did women during a 6-year period.
著者
Aygul Dogan Celik Yahya Celik Zerrin Yulugkural Kemal Balci Ufuk Utku
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.23, pp.2091-2093, 2008 (Released:2008-12-01)
参考文献数
6
被引用文献数
3 6

Brucellosis is a zoonosis that is transmissible to humans. It is a disease with multi-systemic involvement caused by the genus Brucella. Neurological complications, including meningitis, meningo-encephalitis, myelitis-radiculoneuritis, brain abscess, epidural abscess and meningo-vascular syndromes, are rarely encountered. We present a patient presenting with acute onset myositis. This kind of presentation has not previously been reported in the English language literature. We conclude that the diagnosis of neuro-brucellosis should be considered in patients presenting with muscle weakness.
著者
Tohru Satoh Tsutomu Saji Hiroshi Watanabe Satoshi Ogawa Kazuhiko Takehara Nobuhiro Tanabe Norikazu Yamada Atsushi Yao Katsumasa Miyaji Norifumi Nakanishi Yumiko Suzuki Tadami Fujiwara Takayuki Kuriyama
出版者
The Japanese Circulation Society
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.3, pp.677-682, 2011 (Released:2011-02-25)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
13 11

Background: There is evidence that phosphodiesterase type-5 is effective for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods and Results: A phase III, multicenter, open-label clinical trial of sildenafil 20mg t.i.d. was conducted in 21 Japanese patients with PAH to examine its efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. The present trial consisted of a screening period and 12-week treatment. Patients who were enrolled in the present trial increased their 6-min walking distance of administration increased at week 12 by 84.2m from baseline. Hemodynamic parameters (eg, mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance), Borg dyspnea scores, and plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations also improved compared to baseline. Most patients improved or sustained WHO functional class. Seven subjects, who were examined for the pharmacokinetics of sildefanil, showed relatively large interindividual variations in the Cmax, AUC0-8, Css,av, and Ctrough of the drug. Any serious adverse events, severe adverse events, and deaths were not observed. Most of events of undeniable causality were mild or moderate in severity. Sildefanil was well tolerated by the subjects. Conclusions: Sildenafil 20mg t.i.d. was effective and safe for Japanese patients with PAH. (Circ J 2011; 75: 677-682)
著者
盛山 和夫
出版者
数理社会学会
雑誌
理論と方法 (ISSN:09131442)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.2, pp.2_1-2_23, 1992-11-01 (Released:2009-03-31)
参考文献数
48
被引用文献数
2

近年の合理的選択理論の隆盛は、それらが制度や秩序を説明しうる可能性に動機づけられている。合理的選択理論に対しては従来から種々の本質的ではない批判が加えられているが、制度や秩序の説明に関してはそれらとは異なる観点から合理的選択理論の意義と限界が画定されなければならない。 合理性の概念には、選好の合理性、強い合理性、弱い合理性、および創造的合理性という4種類のものがあるが、合理的選択理論において意味を有するのは弱い合理性だけである。合理的選択理論は、行為者の抱く主観的選好と主観的知識とから彼の行為を理論的に導出することによってそれを説明するが、これらの主観的なものは理論家によって推測的に仮定されるのである。行為者の主観的知識はそれを対象として位置づける理論家の理論と区別して「一次理論」と呼ばれる。 一方、制度と秩序は、単なる行為の集積ではなく、人々の主観的知識=一次理論に基礎をおいている。ところが、行為とちがって知識は合理的に選択されるものではない。したがって、制度と秩序は、究極的なところでは、合理的選択理論によっては説明されざるものとして残らざるをえないのである。
著者
大西 謙吾 宮川 浩臣 田島 孝光 斎藤 之男
出版者
バイオメカニズム学会
雑誌
バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.155-165, 2002 (Released:2004-09-01)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

Demand for fine human function modeling methodology is rising with the popularization of assistive devices. Systems engineering based research that delves into the functional cooperative relationship of the digits, hand, and arm is needed for design of substitutive mechanisms and for their control of the human body. The optimal tool for such research is the design process of a sensor-based robotic hand-arm system. This paper discusses the research issues and our proposed strategy.Our research goal is to develop a sensory-controlled mechanical system for performing versatile human-like prehension. As a design concept, we propose an effective model extracted from functional analysis of the upper limb. The key assumption in categorizing hand behavior is the arm’s driving function. Without proper integration of the two, the hand function can be neither analyzed nor assembled. Our approach uses this assumption as its base; we propose a method for classifying a non-redundant relation to control the dynamic and static use of the artificial upper limb.We began remodeling the degrees of freedom (DOF) of the human hand by identifying the transverse and longitudinal adjustable arch structure in the hand. Our new model is composed of 21 active DOF, which include movement in the palm. We classified movements and postures of the hand and arm with this DOF model located at the end of a seven-DOF arm. We then classified the hand modes as prehensile forms and sustentacular forms.Based on this model and our previous research experience in developing prosthetic upper limbs and anthropomorphic robotic hands, we devised a robotic hand-arm with a total of 24 degrees of freedom. Additionally, a new multitactile sensor has been developed for use on the robotic hands in our laboratory at TDU.For generating control strategy, the behavior of the hand is classified into two divisions. The first is cooperation of the digits and palm, and the second is cooperation of the hand and arm modules. The digit cooperation task is fourfold: formation, transformation, deformation, and hold. A motion planner drives the digit movements from the relation of the hand forms to the task that is proposed.A tactile sensor-based control strategy is presented. The digits are controlled according to the hand modes and the sensory feedback loop, with slippage detection rules. Two strategies are proposed for extending the control for fine manipulation: cooperative slippage sensing of adjacent digits, and slippage prediction applying hand orientation information measured by an inclinometer.The overall objective of our approach is the design of a dexterous control system for a multi-DOF robotic upper limb. This includes discussion of a modeling method for the human upper limb.
著者
長島 弘明 増保 安彦
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.130, no.1, pp.49-54, 2010-01-01 (Released:2010-01-01)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1 1

Monoclonal antibodies are being used as therapeutics for a number of cancers, such as leukemia, breast and colon cancers, and a lot of monoclonal antibodies specific for tumor-related antigens have been on clinical trials. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is one of the major mechanisms by which antibodies exert anti-tumor effects. ADCC occurs through interaction between the Fc domains of IgG antibodies bound to target cells and Fcγ receptors on the surface of effector cells. In our study, a chimeric antibody, designated M-Ab, was constructed with the V regions from mouse anti-CD20 mAb 1F5 and the C regions from human IgG1 and κ chain. Two or three Fc domains were tandemly repeated downstream of the C-terminus of the M-Ab to give D0-Ab (Fc dimer Ab without a linker), T0-Ab (Fc trimer Ab without a linker), and T3-Ab (Fc trimer Ab with a (GGGGS)3 linker in front of the second and third hinge regions). Here, we show that Fc tandem repeat antibodies bind to all the low-affinity Fcγ receptors with very potent avidities and have greatly enhanced ADCC activity. T3-Ab is about 100 times more potent than the parental 1F5 chimeric antibody in terms of both Fcγ receptor binding and exerted ADCC activity at a 50-100 times less concentration as compared with the parental antibody. Thus, Fc tandem repeat antibodies are anticipated to be candidates for anti-tumor therapeutics and useful tools to elucidate the biological roles of Fcγ receptors.