著者
廣木 義久 藤井 宏明 平田 豊誠
出版者
日本地学教育学会
雑誌
地学教育 (ISSN:00093831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.3, pp.119-128, 2016-03-31 (Released:2017-05-31)
参考文献数
18

岩石の風化作用による土砂の形成の理解における土に関する学習の効果を,中学生を対象に検証した.土には花崗岩の風化物である粘土質のマサを用いた.授業では,生徒は次の二つのことを学んだ.土はさまざまな粒径の粒子,すなわち,礫・砂・泥(粘土を含む)の混合物であること,土は岩石の風化作用により形成されること,である.単元終了直後には,89.3%の生徒が砂の形成を風化モデルで説明し,その割合は,単元終了から3カ月後でも70.7%と高い値を維持していた.
著者
本多 宣裕 越智 宣昭 山根 弘路 藤井 宏美 瀧川 奈義夫
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本肺癌学会
雑誌
肺癌 (ISSN:03869628)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.79-83, 2016-04-20 (Released:2016-05-18)
参考文献数
7

目的.本邦では化学療法による発熱性好中球減少症(FN)の重症化を予測するMultinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer(MASCC)スコアが汎用されている.最近海外よりClinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia(CISNE)スコアの有用性が報告され,その妥当性を検証した.方法.2011年4月から2015年3月の間に当科に入院し,化学療法によりFNを発症した症例のMASCCスコアとCISNEスコアによるFN重症化リスクを比較した.結果.対象は,肺癌38例,悪性リンパ腫16例,消化器癌5例,肉腫5例,卵巣癌4例など計72例であり,うちFNの重症化は10例に認められた.MASCCスコアによる高リスク群は28例(38.9%)で,重症化予測の感度,特異度,ROC曲線下面積はそれぞれ60%,69%,0.63であった.CISNEスコアによる高リスク群は16例(22%)であり,FN重症化予測の感度,特異度,ROC曲線下面積はそれぞれ40%,82%,0.48であった.結論.CISNEスコアはMASCCスコアよりFN重症化の予測が良好とは言えず,本邦における予測モデルを構築する必要があると考えられた.
著者
小田 秀典 藤井 宏 秋山 英三
出版者
京都産業大学
雑誌
萌芽研究
巻号頁・発行日
2006

研究計画に従って、ATR脳イメージングセンターで不確実性下での意思決定(100パーセントで4000円受けとる選択肢と50パーセントで8000円受けとる選択肢のいずれを選ぶかなど)の脳活動計測実験を実施した。さらに当初の計画にはなかった時間選好の意思決定(今日5000円受けとる選択肢と1週間後に6000円受けとる選択肢のいずれを選ぶかなど)の実験を不確実性下での意思決定と比較可能なかたちで実施した。これは標準理論に対して同様のアノマリー(90パーセントと80パーセントは程度の差だが100パーセントは特別に重視される、明日と明後日は程度の差だが今日は特別に重視される)が観察されている2つを比較することで、不確実性下での意思決定の特徴をはっきりさせるためである。現時点での暫定的結論は、将来の報酬を選択するとき、被験者は(現在の自分から将来の自分への)セルフ・プロジェクションと理解される脳領域をいっそう活発化させ、不確実性な報酬を選択するとき、被験者は計算と評価と理解される脳領域を活発化させるというものである。さらに実験が必要であるが、時間選好と不確実性下の意思決定が異なる脳活動に基づくこと、および時間選好がセルフ・プロジェクションと関係することは脳科学にとっても経済学にとっても示唆するところが大きい。経済理論の観点からは、とくに一貫する個人の意思決定ではなく、現在の自分と将来の自分とのゲームとして時間選好を理論化することに現実性のあることを示唆する。以上の(2008年3月の学会ではじめて報告された)本研究の主要な成果に加え、脳科学の基礎的理論とゲーム的状況(他人の意思決定を推測しなければいけないとき)の脳活動についての研究を実施して発表した。
著者
藤井 宏志
出版者
公益財団法人 日本醸造協会
雑誌
日本釀造協會雜誌 (ISSN:0369416X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.82, no.12, pp.881-888, 1987-12-15 (Released:2011-11-04)

山口県は日本海・瀬戸内海のふたつの海に接し, 地形上平野・盆地が分散していることから, 都市や産業もまた分散構造であるという。その山口県における酒造リの歴史を, 地理的要因・時代の背景を基に詳細に解説していただいた。遠く藩政時代から今日に至るまでの酒造場数・造石高の推移あるいは山口杜氏の起源と変遷が詳述されておりまことに興味深い。
著者
河本 昌志 大澤 恭浩 藤井 宏融 弓削 孟文 向田 圭子
出版者
広島大学
雑誌
一般研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
1994

日本国内での悪性高熱症(MH)を発症した患者やその血縁者およびMHと関連性が疑われる疾患の患者を対象とし,骨格筋小胞体のCa-induced Ca release(CICR)機構の以上亢進と,CICRチャネルであるリアノジン受容体(RYR1)の遺伝子の異常との関連性について研究した.方法は,対象者の同意を得て末梢血からDNAを抽出し,RYRl遺伝子領域のPCRプライマー7組を用いて増幅し,制限酵素断片長多型(RFLP)による解析と同近傍領域のマイクロサテライトプローブを用いた解析を行った.また,骨格筋を生検してサポニン処理して化学的にスキンドファイバーを作製し,遠藤らの方法でCICR速度を測定した.これまでの2年間に26家系72名よりDNAを抽出した.また筋生検によるCICR速度の測定は26名で行った.このうち臨床的に劇症MHを発症した4名とその家系の3名でCICR速度の異常亢進が認められたが,C1840Tの変異はいずれの対象者にも認められなかった.しかし,1家系でRFLPとマイクロサテライト法により,RYRl遺伝子領域の異常とMH素因(CICR速度異常亢進および劇症MH)との関連性がより明らかになった.従ってこの家系では末梢血採血という最低限の侵襲で,より広範囲の遺伝子検索ができる可能性が高くなった.さらに従来報告された遺伝子変異を検出するためのPCRプライマーを作製中で,これを用いて広範囲のDNA異常を検討する予定である.MHは希な疾患であり,しかも筋生検は侵襲的であるために,承諾を得てCICR速度測定を実施できる症例数は限られる.今後はこのプライマーを用いて最低限の侵襲で広範囲のDNA異常を検討する必要があると考えている.
著者
藤井 宏明 藤井 範久
出版者
日本バイオメカニクス学会
雑誌
バイオメカニクス研究 (ISSN:13431706)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.14-27, 2021 (Released:2021-10-09)
参考文献数
19

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body movements to generate handle velocity in the tangential and the radial direction of hammer head during the hammer throw turn. The positive leading distance of handle has the effect of accelerating the hammer head in hammer throw. In addition, the increase and decrease of the leading distance of handle are consistent with the increase and decrease of handle velocity in the radial direction of hammer head. It will be important to clarify the movement of the body for the acquisition of the leading distance of handle by examining the acquisition of the handle velocity in the radial direction by the body movement. Throwing motions of 44 male throwers (throwing record: 80. 50–44. 17 m) participated in the study as subjects. Throwing motions were videotaped on high-speed VTR cameras, and three-dimensional coordinates were calculated using a DLT method. The handle velocity was calculated as the vector products between the anatomical angular velocity vectors of joint and the respective relative displacement vectors from the joint center to handle, by applying a mathematical model. The handle velocity obtained by body movements were projected onto the rotating plane coordinate system. The basic findings were summarized as follows: (1) The handle velocity in the radial direction can be obtained by trunk long-axis rotation, the trunk left lean, the extension of the shoulder joint, the trunk back lean, and translational movement of the body. (2) The handle velocity in the tangential direction can be obtained by the trunk long-axis rotation, trunk twist, horizontal abduction of left shoulder joint and the flexion of shoulder joint.
著者
松尾 信之介 藤井 宏明 苅山 靖 大山 卞 圭悟
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.287-295, 2011 (Released:2011-12-28)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
4

Changes in the activity of hip adductor muscles with increased running speed were investigated in 4 male sprinters (personal best for 100 m: 10.58±0.26 s). The subjects were instructed to run at three different speeds (3-4 m/s, 6-8 m/s and 9- m/s). The surface electromyograms (EMGs) of 10 muscles around the hip joint were recorded, and whole-body motions were also filmed with a high-speed video camera (150 fps). Regardless of running velocity, the adductor longus (AL) showed activity concomitant with the rectus femoris when the hip joint was in extension. This suggested that the AL functioned as a hip flexor. On the other hand, the adductor magnus (AM) showed activity when the hip joint was flexed, suggesting that the AM assisted hip extensors such as the gluteus maximus. During high-speed sprinting, the AL was also activated when the hip joint was flexed. Similarly, the AM also showed activity when the hip joint was extended, corresponding to the latter half of the support phase. During the support phase, the AM may serve to stabilize the frontal plane by co-contracting with hip abductors such as the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae. Furthermore, the AL and AM showed increased activity while the hip was fully flexed and extended. This remarkable muscle activity around the flexion-extension reversal point during high-speed sprinting may stabilize the hip joint so that it resists dislocative force through the unique anatomical features of the hip adductor muscles, i.e. “shunt-” rather than “spurt-type” architectural characteristics.
著者
藤井 宏史
出版者
香川大学経済研究所
雑誌
香川大学経済論叢 (ISSN:03893030)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, no.4, pp.115-139, 2003-03
著者
藤井 宏明
出版者
環太平洋大学
雑誌
環太平洋大学研究紀要 = Bulletin of International Pacific University (ISSN:1882479X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.181-185, 2016-03-30

The purpose of study was investigated for male throwing athlete, the relationship between performance and control test for thrower and also examined the physical properties required between events, it is intended to obtain suggestions for guidance. As a result, items that significant correlation with the IAAF score was observed is as follows. 30m dash, Standing jump,Standing five jump, Run-up five step jump, RJ-index, Vertical Jump, shot front-back throw, clean, snatch. From these, running skill as a feature of excellent throwing athlete, jumping ability, investment capability, is that it has all of the physical fitness factors revealed. In addition, it is divided into the Javelin throw athlete and Circle-based athlete (shot put, discus throw, hammer throw), it was also examined the relationship between the IAAF score and control test items. Javelin throw on the playing characteristics of using the run-up, high correlation jump forces such as 30 dash and five step jump and continuous rebound jump was observed. On the other hand, in the circle-based events, shot front-back throw, clean, and snatch, a high correlation was observed in the event to exhibit at once power it with the recoil. Thus, each throwing event, it has been found that there is a need for physical elements, depending on the respective event characteristics.
著者
松尾 信之介 藤井 宏明 苅山 靖 大山 卞 圭悟
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1106020186, (Released:2011-06-07)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
4

Changes in the activity of hip adductor muscles with increased running speed were investigated in 4 male sprinters (personal best for 100 m: 10.58±0.26 s). The subjects were instructed to run at three different speeds (3 4 m/s, 6 8 m/s and 9 m/s). The surface electromyograms (EMGs) of 10 muscles around the hip joint were recorded, and whole-body motions were also filmed with a high-speed video camera (150 fps). Regardless of running velocity, the adductor longus (AL) showed activity concomitant with the rectus femoris when the hip joint was in extension. This suggested that the AL functioned as a hip flexor. On the other hand, the adductor magnus (AM) showed activity when the hip joint was flexed, suggesting that the AM assisted hip extensors such as the gluteus maximus. During high-speed sprinting, the AL was also activated when the hip joint was flexed. Similarly, the AM also showed activity when the hip joint was extended, corresponding to the latter half of the support phase. During the support phase, the AM may serve to stabilize the frontal plane by co-contracting with hip abductors such as the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae. Furthermore, the AL and AM showed increased activity while the hip was fully flexed and extended. This remarkable muscle activity around the flexion-extension reversal point during high-speed sprinting may stabilize the hip joint so that it resists dislocative force through the unique anatomical features of the hip adductor muscles, i.e. “shunt-” rather than “spurt-type” architectural characteristics.
著者
苅山 靖 藤井 宏明 森 健一 図子 浩二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本体育学会
雑誌
体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.1, pp.91-109, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
2 5

This study aimed to clarify the 3-dimensional joint kinetics of the takeoff leg for the single-leg rebound jump (SRJ) and the double-leg rebound jump (DRJ). 14 male track and field athletes (sprinters, jumpers and decathletes) performed the SRJ and the DRJ with maximal effort. Kinematics and kinetics data were recorded using a Vicon T20 system (250 Hz) and force platforms (1000 Hz). The results of all the analyses were as follows: 1.  In the SRJ, hip joint work around the adduction-abduction and internal-external rotation axes was higher than in the DRJ, because of larger hip abduction and internal rotational torque in the SRJ. 2.  In the SRJ, hip abduction and internal rotation torque were larger than those in the DRJ. These may have been caused by the anatomical and mechanical differences between the SRJ and DRJ. 3.  In the SRJ, hip abduction torque affected the increment in jump height. This result suggests that hip abduction torque affects the higher jump height for a single leg to a greater extent in the SRJ than in the DRJ. 4.  In the SRJ, the trunk lateral flexion caused by trunk flexion torque reduced the lateral displacement of the center of gravity due to pelvic list. These results suggest that 1) the SRJ is an effective training tool for improvement of technique and force output ability for prioritization of power output at the hip internal rotators, especially the hip abductors in addition to the hip extensor, and 2) hip abduction torque in the SRJ has a role in both postural control and determining the increment in jump height. These findings will be useful for clarifying the most pertinent points related to the SRJ and for developing an effective method that can be applied to plyometrics.
著者
藤井宏[著]
出版者
[出版者不明]
巻号頁・発行日
1953
著者
宮田 圭悟 藤井 宏二 高橋 滋 竹中 温 李 哲柱 竹内 義人
出版者
Japan Surgical Association
雑誌
日本臨床外科学会雑誌 = The journal of the Japan Surgical Association (ISSN:13452843)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.12, pp.3073-3076, 2001-12-25

右卵巣癌摘除後に発生した,左頸部転移および放射線照射後の上肢浮腫に対して,左胸肩峰動脈から鎖骨下動脈に向けて動脈注入用カテーテルを挿入し皮下リザーバーを留置,週1回4時間かけてグリセオール200mlを55回持続動脈注入したところ,左上肢は軟化し周径の縮小をみとめた.<br> ハドマー,マイクロ波照射にても軽快しない難治性上腕浮腫に対して,在宅グリセリン動脈注入療法は有用であった.
著者
関口 和正 今泉 和彦 藤井 宏治 千住 弘明 水野 なつ子 坂井 活子 笠井 賢太郎 佐藤 元 瀬田 季茂
出版者
日本法科学技術学会
雑誌
日本鑑識科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:13428713)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.33-40, 1997 (Released:2010-02-06)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
11 11

Nucleotide sequences of 2 hypervariable regions (HV1, HV2) within the control region of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analyzed from 55 unrelated Japanese. About 700 nucleotides were sequenced by using the nested PCR and the solid-phase direct sequencing methods. Comparison of these sequences with Anderson's reference sequence revealed 97 mutation types within 93 positions, and 11 positions of them were novel. Fifty five samples analyzed were classified into 52 different sequences, while 3 pairs have shown the same sequences. Comparison of the Japanese sequences to those reported from other populations indicated many differences in such a point that the substitutions at 16,223 and 73 in Japanese were more frequent than those in Caucasian, while the substitutions at 16,126 and 16,311 in Japanese were less frequent than those in Caucasian. Twenty one of 55 samples analyzed showed a T-to-C transition at the position 16,189 of the C-stretch region in the HV1 region. This replacement caused the blurred bands on the sequence image, which resulted in the ambiguity of exact number of cytosine in the C-stretch region of HV1. For this ambiguity, the number of cytosine in the C-stretch region should not be currently taken into account in forensic practices of individualization of evidence samples. Regardless of such problem, the polymorphisms of HV1 and HV2 regions are highly useful for individual identification.