著者

Bezawork A. BOGALE 青山 真人 杉田 昭栄

出版者

Japanese Soceity for Animal Behaviour and Management

雑誌

日本家畜管理学会誌・応用動物行動学会誌 (ISSN:18802133)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.75-83, 2018-06-25 (Released:2018-07-26)

参考文献数

22

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ヒトの顔写真を用いた弁別試験を行なうことによって、ハシブトガラスがヒトの表情を識別することが可能であるか否かを検討した。まず、予備試験として、供試したカラスには、一方は「笑顔」、もう一方は「真顔」(無表情)である異なる人物の写真を見せて、「笑顔」を選択させる弁別学習を課した。予備試験をクリアした6羽のカラスについて、予備試験とは異なる人物の「笑顔」と「真顔」の弁別試験を行なった。その結果、6羽中で4羽のカラスについては、「笑顔」である新規な人物を統計学的に有意に高い頻度で選択した。次に、予備試験で見せた人物の写真を用い、同じ表情をした異なる人物の組み合わせを識別する弁別試験を課した。その結果、カラスは、表情にかかわらず、予備試験において報酬を得られた人物を有意に高い頻度で選択した。一方、予備試験で使用した人物について、同一人物の「笑顔」と「真顔」を識別させる試験を行なったところ、いずれのカラスも「笑顔」を有意に高く識別することはできなかった。これらの結果から、ハシブトガラスは異なる人物については「笑顔」を「真顔」と区別でき、新規な人物については「笑顔」を一般化することが可能であることが示唆された。一方、人物の識別能力はその表情によって左右されることはないが、同じ人物において、その表情を識別する能力には乏しいと考えられた。

著者

ゴラム サルワル A.K.M. 高橋 英樹

出版者

日本花粉学会

雑誌

日本花粉学会会誌 (ISSN:03871851)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.87-104, 2007-12-31

被引用文献数

1

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スノキ属協Vacciniumの花粉形態研究に続き,本属が所属するスノキ連に含まれる他の22属59種の花粉形態を光学顕微鏡と走査型電子顕微鏡で観察し,スノキ連全体で見られる花粉四集粒の形態的多様性を要約した.スノキ属の花粉で見られた溝間極域の外壁模様の7型(1〜7型)・12亜型に加えて,新しい1つの型(8型:アガペテス・ブラクテアータ)と5型の中に2つの新亜型を認めた.ディモルファアンテラ属での結果は,スノキ連における属の単系統性同定のために外壁表面模様が最も有用な花粉形態形質であることを示した.アガペテス属の外壁模様はスノキ属に近縁であることを支持したが,アガペテス・ブラクテアータを除けば,アガペテス属がスノキ属に含まれるという可能性をも示すものだった.コステラ・エンデルティイの外壁模様(7型)はスノキ属のポリコディウム節に含まれる唯一の種ワッキニウム・スタミネウムに大変よく似ていた.遺伝子系統であるアンデアン・クレードの2つの主要なサブクレードへの分割は,花粉形態からは支持できなかった.しかしマクレアニア属の単系統性は支持できそうである.先行研究が示していたように,花粉形態形質はカウェンディシア属とサティリア属の姉妹系統関係を支持し,チバウディア属には少なくとも2つの明瞭な群があることも示した.ゲイルッサキア属とスノキ属との近縁性も花粉形態研究は支持した.

著者

von A.J. Mounteney Jephson und Henry M. Stanley autorisirte deutsche Ausgabe aus dem Englischen von H. von Wobeser

出版者

F.A. Brockhaus

巻号頁・発行日

1890

著者

Tim C. Norton Paul A. Oakley Deed E. Harrison

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.71-75, 2022 (Released:2022-01-12)

参考文献数

36

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[Purpose] To present the case of a dramatic improvement in the cervical lordosis and relief from chronic headaches and neck pain in a pediatric having a recent neck trauma. [Participant and Methods] A 10 year old male presented with recent neck trauma, neck pain and pre-existing chronic headaches. Cervical range of motion was limited with pain. X-ray analysis showed dramatic loss of cervical lordosis and an acute atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. Chiropractic Biophysics technique methods incorporating spinal manual adjustments, cervical extension traction and corrective exercises were used to restore normal cervical lordosis. Treatments were performed intensively over 6.5-weeks, with a 17-month long-term follow-up. [Results] The pediatric patient responded well to treatment with near complete resolution of cranio-cervical complaints. The cervical lordosis was corrected to age-appropriate magnitude, the coronal symmetry was restored, and both were maintained after nearly 1.5 years. [Conclusion] Chiropractic Biophysics technique which includes the cervical extension traction using the pediatric Denneroll orthotic was effective in restoring lordosis in a pediatric patient with cervical kyphosis and chronic headaches presenting with recent neck pains from a traumatic origin. Routine X-ray of the cervical spine is recommended for patients presenting with craniocervical symptoms as spine alignment is often overlooked as pathognomonic for these conditions.

著者

ミルン A. A. 吉村 圭

出版者

鹿児島女子短期大学

雑誌

鹿児島女子短期大学紀要 = Bulletin of Kagoshima Women's College (ISSN:02868970)

巻号頁・発行日

no.51, pp.97-101, 2016

著者

Joke Ouwendijk Leo A. Ginsel Jack A.M. Fransen 山形 貞子

出版者

FCCA(Forum: Carbohydrates Coming of Age)

雑誌

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology (ISSN:09157352)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.46, pp.223-232, 1997-03-02 (Released:2010-01-05)

参考文献数

95

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小腸はデンプンからの生成物やショ糖を分解する重要な場所である。スクラーゼ-イソマルターゼ (SI) は小腸の上皮細胞の刷子縁に発現している膜貫通II型糖タンパク質である。SIの特殊な構造と独特な発現の仕方が、いくつかの細胞生物学的反応についてのモデルとして理想的なタンパク質にしている。この総説では次のトピックスをとりあげようと思う。i) SIの独特な構造、ii) このタンパク質の独特な発現の仕方とその制御、iii) SIが膜の頭頂部へ輸送される際の頭頂部輸送機構の役割、iv) 先天的SI欠損症の原因となる輸送をできなくする機構、v) 細菌毒素がSIに結合する時に起こる情報伝達カスケードにおけるSIの役割。

著者

望月 俊男 チン A. クラーク 山口 悦司 大浦 弘樹

出版者

教育システム情報学会

雑誌

教育システム情報学会誌 (ISSN:13414135)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.17-34, 2022-01-01 (Released:2022-01-01)

参考文献数

73

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In today’s “post-truth” era, lay citizens have difficulty trusting and judging what is true based on their integrated comprehension of various information. The amount, diversity, and complexity of information has increased dramatically causing rampant conflicting information originating even from reliable sources in topics such as vaccines, diets, educational methods, and so on. This paper reviews research in epistemic cognition that explores new ways of information literacy in order to improve the abovementioned situation. Based on the AIR model for epistemic cognition, which places particular emphasis on evidential practices, we explain the Grasp of Evidence framework which captures competencies that include evaluation, interpretation, and integration of evidence, as well as evaluation of testimonies of experts who provide such information. Our three projects that explore innovative forms of information literacy education based on the framework are also described in this paper.

著者

Y A

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.9, pp.287-295, 1922

著者

Thomson R Genovese G Canon C Kovacsics D Higgins MK Carrington M Winkler CA Kopp J Rotimi C Adeyemo A Doumatey A Ayodo G Alper SL Pollak MR Friedman DJ Raper J

出版者

一般社団法人 日本小児腎臓病学会

雑誌

日本小児腎臓病学会雑誌 (ISSN:09152245)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.141-142, 2014 (Released:2015-05-11)

著者

Christina RUSLI Agussalim BUKHARI Nurpudji A. TASLIM Suryani AS’AD Haerani RASYID

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.Supplement, pp.S25-S31, 2020 (Released:2021-02-22)

参考文献数

26

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Overweight or obesity will increase the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. In older people, the risk is higher, but also paradoxically associated with lower mortality rates. Overweight patients vary in body composition and when it coupled with limited reliable sources to make caloric requirements estimation will make nutrition therapy extremely challenging. This case study reveals the nutrition therapy support in critically ill overweight elderly patient with heart failure, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and chronic kidney disease. An 80-year old moderate malnourished male patient (body mass index 24.6 kg/m2) with acute lung edema, cardiogenic shock, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and chronic kidney disease was admitted in the cardiovascular intensive-care unit. The patient was treated with diuretics, vasopressor support, and antibiotics. Oral intake was reduced due to shortness of breath and loss of appetite. The physical examination revealed basal lung rales, wheezing, muscle wasting, edema. Blood tests showed hyperkalemia, leucocytosis, depletion of the immune system, hyperuricemia, hypoalbuminemia, and dyslipidemia. The patient was on stage 5 renal failure (GFR 6.2 mL/min) but refused hemodialysis treatment. Nutritional therapy was given gradually with calorie target 1900 kcal and protein 0.6–1.2 g/ideal body weight/d using normal foods, oral nutrition supplement, and amino acids parenteral nutrition. After 13 d of nutritional treatment, the patient was discharged from the hospital with no shortness of breath, adequate nutrition intake, increased renal function (GFR 22.4 mL/min), and improvement of the blood test results (immune status, uric acid, albumin, and lipid profile). Critically ill overweight elderly patients are hypercatabolic and have increased nutrient demands. Nutritional support in these patients is required to provide necessary nutrient substrates and to alter the course and outcome of the disease.

著者

Kent Elson S. SORGON Victor S. TICZON Badi R. SAMANIEGO Marion Michael A. BACABAC Jesus Gabriel C. FETIL

出版者

The Japanese Coral Reef Society

雑誌

Galaxea, Journal of Coral Reef Studies (ISSN:18830838)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.7-8, 2021 (Released:2021-06-05)

参考文献数

4

著者

A GETTELMAN P.M. de F FORSTER

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4B, pp.911-924, 2002 (Released:2002-10-10)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

205 243

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The tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is a transition region between the troposphere and the stratosphere. In this study the vertical extent of the TTL is diagnosed from radiosonde and ozonesonde profiles in the tropics and a climatology of this layer is presented. The radiative balance in the TTL is also characterized. The TTL is locally defined as extending from the level of the lapse rate minimum at 10-12 km to the cold point tropopause (CPT) at 16-17 km. The minimum in lapse rate represents the level of maximum convective impact on upper tropospheric temperatures, which is found to closely correspond to a minimum in ozone. Variations in this level are correlated with convective activity as measured by satellite brightness temperatures and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR). At the cold point, the TTL height is nearly uniform throughout the tropics, and has a pronounced annual cycle. There are regional variations in the altitude of the lower boundary of the TTL. Interannual variations of the TTL result from changes in the large scale organization of convective activity, such as from the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Over the last 40 years, records indicate an increase (200-400 m) in the height of both the cold point tropopause and the level of minimum lapse rate. To better understand vertical transport in the TTL, the clear sky radiative heating rate is diagnosed using a sophisticated radiative transfer scheme. The level of zero radiative heating occurs roughly 1 km below the CPT, implying that convection needs to loft air 4-5 km above the base of the TTL if the air is to eventually enter the stratosphere.

著者

A.K.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本船舶海洋工学会

雑誌

造船協会雑纂 (ISSN:24331023)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.144, pp.146-148, 1934 (Released:2018-02-25)

著者

槇原 寛 Noerdjito Woro A.

出版者

森林総合研究所

雑誌

森林総合研究所研究報告 (ISSN:09164405)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.49-98, 2004-03

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この報告はギルモア博士同定のカミキリムシ179種をカラー写真付きで紹介したものである。ギルモア博士は世界的なカミキリムシの大家で、インドネシアのボゴール動物博物館には彼の同定したカミキリムシの標本が多数ある。そして、この標本は、インドネシア産カミキリムシの同定に大いに役に立つものである。

著者

A.A. Bolibrukh

出版者

American Mathematical Society

巻号頁・発行日

1995

著者

TIMOTHY A. JINAM YOSUKE KAWAI NARUYA SAITOU

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.201217, (Released:2021-03-31)

被引用文献数

9

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Previous studies suggested two major migration events during the Jomon and Yayoi periods that affected the genetic diversity of modern Japanese (Yaponesians). We explored the possibility of a three-wave migration model by examining three datasets of modern human DNA: (1) whole mitochondrial (mt) DNA genomes of 1642 Yaponesians; (2) mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of 59105 Yaponesians from 47 prefectures; and (3) genome-wide SNP data of two Yaponesians (Ainu, Okinawa) and whole-genome sequence data of Yamato individuals, the Funadomari Jomon F23 individual, and three East Asian populations (Korean, northern Chinese, and southern Chinese). Past population size change was estimated based on dataset 1, and we clearly observed a steep population increase after the Yayoi period. Principal-component analysis and phylogenetic network analysis were applied to dataset 2, and we confirmed the pattern consistent with our model. An admixture program was used on dataset 3, and we found that the two- and three-layer migration models are both compatible with these SNP data. Taken together, these three datasets provide support for our three-wave, ‘inner dual-structure’ model.

著者

ジョンソン A. H. 伊藤 重行

出版者

松蔭大学大学院

雑誌

松蔭大学大学院経営管理研究科松蔭論叢 = Shoin management review (ISSN:18817882)

巻号頁・発行日

no.11, pp.239-256, 2015

著者

A.C.ドイル H.メルヴィルほか著 利根川真紀 磯部哲也 山田久美子訳

出版者

平凡社

巻号頁・発行日

2016

著者

中本 剛 坂東 能生 高畠 敏郎 藤井 博信 井澤 公一 西郡 至誠 鈴木 孝至 藤田 敏三 南 朝生 小黒 勇 Tai L.T Menovsky A.A

出版者

一般社団法人日本物理学会

雑誌

日本物理学会講演概要集. 秋の分科会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1994, no.3, 1994-08-16

著者

Bjorn STEVENS Claudia ACQUISTAPACE Akio HANSEN Rieke HEINZE Carolin KLINGER Daniel KLOCKE Harald RYBKA Wiebke SCHUBOTZ Julia WINDMILLER Panagiotis ADAMIDIS Ioanna ARKA Vasileios BARLAKAS Joachim BIERCAMP Matthias BRUECK Sebastian BRUNE Stefan A. BUEHLER Ulrike BURKHARDT Guido CIONI Montserrat COSTA-SURÓS Susanne CREWELL Traute CRÜGER Hartwig DENEKE Petra FRIEDERICHS Cintia Carbajal HENKEN CATHY Hohenegger Marek JACOB Fabian JAKUB Norbert KALTHOFF Martin KÖHLER Thirza W. van LAAR Puxi LI Ulrich LÖHNERT Andreas MACKE Nils MADENACH Bernhard MAYER Christine NAM Ann Kristin NAUMANN Karsten PETERS Stefan POLL Johannes QUAAS Niklas RÖBER Nicolas ROCHETIN Leonhard SCHECK Vera SCHEMANN Sabrina SCHNITT Axel SEIFERT Fabian SENF Metodija SHAPKALIJEVSKI Clemens SIMMER Shweta SINGH Odran SOURDEVAL Dela SPICKERMANN Johan STRANDGREN Octave TESSIOT Nikki VERCAUTEREN Jessica VIAL Aiko VOIGT Günter ZÄNGL

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.2, pp.395-435, 2020 (Released:2020-05-08)

参考文献数

131

被引用文献数

12 85

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More than one hundred days were simulated over very large domains with fine (0.156 km to 2.5 km) grid spacing for realistic conditions to test the hypothesis that storm (kilometer) and large-eddy (hectometer) resolving simulations would provide an improved representation of clouds and precipitation in atmospheric simulations. At scales that resolve convective storms (storm-resolving for short), the vertical velocity variance becomes resolved and a better physical basis is achieved for representing clouds and precipitation. Similarly to past studies we found an improved representation of precipitation at kilometer scales, as compared to models with parameterized convection. The main precipitation features (location, diurnal cycle and spatial propagation) are well captured already at kilometer scales, and refining resolution to hectometer scales does not substantially change the simulations in these respects. It does, however, lead to a reduction in the precipitation on the time-scales considered – most notably over the ocean in the tropics. Changes in the distribution of precipitation, with less frequent extremes are also found in simulations incorporating hectometer scales. Hectometer scales appear to be more important for the representation of clouds, and make it possible to capture many important aspects of the cloud field, from the vertical distribution of cloud cover, to the distribution of cloud sizes, and to the diel (daily) cycle. Qualitative improvements, particularly in the ability to differentiate cumulus from stratiform clouds, are seen when one reduces the grid spacing from kilometer to hectometer scales. At the hectometer scale new challenges arise, but the similarity of observed and simulated scales, and the more direct connection between the circulation and the unconstrained degrees of freedom make these challenges less daunting. This quality, combined with already improved simulation as compared to more parameterized models, underpins our conviction that the use and further development of storm-resolving models offers exciting opportunities for advancing understanding of climate and climate change.