著者

八田 秀雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.8-10, 2010 (Released:2010-04-16)

参考文献数

5

著者

鈴木 克也

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.75-94, 1956-08-20 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

30

著者

塩瀬 圭佑 飛奈 卓郎 桧垣 靖樹 清永 明 田中 宏暁

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.493-502, 2011 (Released:2011-11-15)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The decrease of muscle glycogen may be useful for the improvement of endurance performance. Intense anaerobic exercise requires a high rate of glycogen utilization, but consecutive intense anaerobic exercises induce a pronounced decline of external power and muscle glycogen consumption. We hypothesized that a long rest period between consecutive intense anaerobic exercises may aid in sustaining external power and glycogen consumption. Secondly, we hypothesized that active rest (AR) during the long resting period may be more effective than passive rest (PR).Six subjects performed four 30-second Wingate tests (WAnT) with a 4-minute recovery between each bout (Consecutive method). The subjects also performed a similar exercise procedure, but with a 30-minute seated resting period after the second bout (PR method).The other six male subjects performed four 30-second WAnTs with a 4-minute recovery between each bout, with 30-minutes of cycling at 40% VO2max after the second bout (AR method). The subjects also performed PR method.The total work during the third and fourth bouts was greatest under the AR condition, followed by the PR condition, and finally the Consecutive method (p<0.05 for all comparisons). Blood lactate concentration during resting period was significantly lower, while muscle glycogen consumption was greater AR method than PR method (p<0.05 for both).A long resting period between consecutive intense anaerobic exercises may prevent the decline in external power and work. Additionally, AR has more favorable effects on muscle glycogen consumption, resulting in very low muscle glycogen levels, even with a small total amount of exercise.

著者

大野 政人 野坂 和則

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.131-140, 2004-02-01

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3

---

運動誘発性筋痙攣の要因として, 筋疲労や脱水などが挙げられているが, その発現メカニズムの詳細は明らかでない.そこで本研究では, 筋痙攣の生じやすさを調べる「筋痙攣テスト」を考案し, その妥当性について検証すると共に, それらを用いて, 筋痙攣に対する筋疲労および脱水の影響を明らかにする事を目的とした.20名に対して筋痙攣テストを行った結果, 普段, 筋痙攣が起こりやすい全員に筋痙攣が誘発され, 筋痙攣の経験がほとんど無い者には誘発されなかった.よって, 筋痙攣テストにより筋痙攣の起こりやすさをスクリーニングできると考えられる.100回の膝関節屈曲運動後に, 主働筋である運動肢のハムストリングスで筋痙攣は誘発されにくくなり, 運動肢の足底の筋群では筋痙攣が生じやすくなった.従って, 運動によって筋痙攣の誘発率は高まるが, 筋疲労がその要因である可能性は低いと考えられる.また, 体重の3%に相当する脱水によって, 足底の筋群で筋痙攣が生じやすくなった.脱水が筋痙攣の要因である可能性は高いと考えられるが, その詳細なメカニズムは今後の検討課題である.

著者

大森 肇 渡邉 彰人 大山 卞圭悟 佃 文子 高橋 英幸 久米 俊郎 白木 仁 岡田 守彦 板井 悠二 勝田 茂

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.385-392, 2000-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

15

---

本研究では1週間に1日という低頻度で5週間のみの筋力トレーニングを行った結果, 筋力の増加がみられた.また筋力トレーニングによって獲得された筋力は17週間の脱トレーニング後でも維持されていることが示唆された.さらに再トレーニング脚と対照トレーニング脚を比較した結果から, 再トレーニングによる筋力増加応答の増強 (Nerve-Muscle Memory) が観察された.これらの現象がiEMGの変化様相と一致していたことから, これらの背景にあるメカニズムが神経系の要因 (運動単位動員の変化ならびにインパルス発射頻度の変化) によるものであると考えられた.

著者

大柿 哲朗 斎藤 篤司

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, 1989-12-01

著者

黒川 泰嗣 岩橋 眞南実 柳岡 拓磨 和田 恵里佳 長谷川 博

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.389-399, 2022-10-01 (Released:2022-09-13)

参考文献数

50

---

The increase in core temperature during exercise in a hot environment causes hyperventilation (hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation), which decreases the partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide. However, the effects on the body of wearing a surgical mask during exercise that would cause hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation have not been clarified. Therefore, we investigated such effects. Ten healthy men participated in the study. A 44-minute steady-state load cycling exercise (55% of peak oxygen uptake) was performed under hot environmental conditions (30℃, 70% relative humidity). Two experimental conditions were set: exercising with surgical face mask (MASK) and without a surgical face mask (CON). The experiment was conducted as a randomized crossover design. Body temperatures, respiratory gas exchange, and subjective indices were measured during exercise. In terms of physiological indices, respiratory rate only revealed a main effect and was significantly lower in the MASK than in CON at 44 min of exercise (CON 41.0±19.2 breaths/min, MASK 35.6±11.2 breaths/min p=0.029). No significant differences were observed between conditions in other physiological parameters. As for the subjective indices, dyspnea showed a condition × time interaction (p=0.016), which was significantly higher in the MASK starting at 5 minutes through the end (CON 4.5±3.5 and MASK 8.5±2.1 at the end of exercise p=0.016). No significant differences were observed in other subjective measures. In conclusion, wearing a surgical face mask during moderate-intensity prolonged exercise under hot environmental conditions significantly worsened dyspnea, but no significant differences were observed in other physiological indices or subjective indices.

著者

篠原 稔

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.365-368, 2012-06-01 (Released:2012-06-15)

参考文献数

4

---

Publishing scientific papers in English is a major part of professional activities for researchers in the biomedical field. This is because new knowledge becomes most valuable when shared with people around the world, whereas papers written in a local language are difficult to be shared with. Unfortunately, the style of scientific writing is often critically unsatisfactory in manuscripts written in English by researchers who use English as a second language. These researchers are strongly encouraged to learn essential aspects of writing scientific papers in English. To foster the ability for writing scientific papers, young researchers outside of English-speaking countries should be encouraged to take a hands-on education in scientific writing and reviewing in English, and discouraged to publish papers and books in a local language. Increased availability of hands-on education by qualified researchers would be urged for strengthening research capabilities in the biomedical field.

著者

林 恵嗣

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.33, 2012 (Released:2012-03-14)

参考文献数

3

著者

濵野 純 田中 綾乃 田畑 泉

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.319-331, 2022-08-01 (Released:2022-07-12)

参考文献数

49

---

The purpose of this study was to examine the risk factors of stress fractures in terms of training distance and intensity in young male Japanese high school long-distance runners. Nine hundred and twenty-five runners from high schools, colleges, and work teams responded to our questionnaire. Our analysis of the questionnaire found that the onset rates of stress fractures in males were 25.0%, 40.2%, and 55.3% in high school runners, collegiate runners, and work team runners, respectively, suggesting that young Japanese long-distance runners are more likely to suffer from stress fractures than European and American runners. Stress fractures occurred in male high school and collegiate runners after training that had increased running distance (24.7% and 33.1%, respectively) or running intensity (17.0% and 9.6%), or both increased running distance and increased running intensity (29.8% and 34.6%), suggesting that an increase in running distance at moderate intensity might be a major risk factor in stress fractures in young male long-distance runners. Data from college and work team runners that ran all three years of high school show that stress fractures are most likely to occur in May of the high school freshman year. These results suggested a need to reconsider training programs for freshmen to prevent stress fractures in young runners.

著者

笹田 周作 石井 智也 小林 優里 清水 菜央 小宮山 伴与志

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.239-247, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-03-14)

参考文献数

30

---

We investigated the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (anodal tDCS) on the performance of full-effort box stepping exercises in athletes and non-athletes. Twenty-one subjects (athletes: five men and six women, non-athletes: four men and six women) participated in this study. tDCS was applied through two electrodes placed on the vertex (anode) and the forehead (cathode). A 2-mA anodal stimulation was applied for 15 minutes, while sham stimulation was applied on different days with similar electrodes. Participants were asked to apply a maximal effort while stepping up and down a 10-cm tall box for 20 s following termination of the tDCS. The 20 s box stepping was repeated three times with 15 s of rest. The number of total steps was significantly increased following anodal tDCS compared to sham tDCS. The degree of increase in performance was more prominent in non-athletes than in athletes. In non-athletes, a differential pattern of fatigue in performance between stimulus conditions was observed. In contrast, this significant performance modulation between stimulus conditions was not detected in athletes. Our findings of improved stepping performance following anodal tDCS depended on the training level of the subject group; this implies modulation of descending command from CNS to active muscles by tDCS. It is suggested that the degree of neural modulation for controlling complex and full-effort leg movements due to tDCS is higher in non-athletes than in athletes.

著者

金久 博昭

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.43, 2016 (Released:2016-01-24)

被引用文献数

2

著者

平井 雄介 田畑 泉

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.5, pp.495-502, 1996-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 6

---

This study examined the effects of (1) an intermittent training using a mechanically braked cycle ergometer and (2) resistance training using free weight on the maximal oxygen deficit and VO2max. For the first 6 weeks, six subjects trained using an intermittent training protocol five days per week. The exhaustive intermittent training consisted of seven to eight sets of 20 s exercise at anintensity of about 170% of VO2max with a 10 s rest between each bout. After the training, the maximal oxygen deficit increased significantly from 64.3±5.0 ml⋅kg-1 to 75.1±5.7 ml⋅kg-1 (p<0.01), while VO2max increased from 52.0±2.7 ml⋅kg-1⋅min-1 to 57.6±2.9 ml⋅kg-1⋅min-1 (p<0.05) . For the following 6 weeks, the subjects used the same intermittent training for 3 days per week and a resistance training for the other 3 days per week. The resistance training consisted of (1) 4 sets of 12 bouts of squat and leg curl exercise at 12 repetition maximum (RM) . (2) 2 sets of maximal bouts of the same exercise with a load of 90%, 80%, and 70% of 1 RM. After the training period, the maximal oxygen deficit increased further to the value of 86.8±5.9 ml⋅kg-1which was significantly higher than the value attained at the end of the intermittent training. On the other hand, VO2max did not increase significantly from the value observed at the end of the 6 weeks of intermittent training. Body weight was not significantly changed throughout the 12-week training period. Maximal circumference of the thigh did not changed during the first 6-week of the intermittent training period (pre-training: 57.1±1.2 cm, after 6-week training: 57.3±1.1 cm), while it increased significantly after the last 6-week combined training (59.0±0.8 cm, p<0.05) . In conclusion, this study showed that (1) high intensity intermittent training improves both the anaerobic and aerobic energy supplying systems, (2) additional resistance training with the intermittent training further increases the anaerobic energy supplying system, probably through increased muscle mass.

著者

武田 誠司 石井 泰光 山本 正嘉 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.107-118, 2010 (Released:2010-04-16)

参考文献数

28

---

Running economy is an important factor in determining a performance of a long distance running. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the running economy and the submaximal hopping economy. Twelve long-distance runners performed a submaximal repeated hopping exercise on a force platform at a frequency of 2.2Hz and the maximum five-repeated rebound jumping (5RJ). Jumping height, contact time, maximum ground reaction force and oxygen intake were recorded during submaximal repeated hopping exercise. In addition, they performed the submaximal running for a distance of 3200m on an outdoor 400m track. Oxygen intake was recorded during the submaximal running. Then running economy (RE = V/VO2) was calculated by using oxygen intake (VO2) and running speeds (V). Hopping economy (HE = h/VO2) was calculated by using oxygen intake (VO2) and average jumping height (h). As a result of this study, we confirmed that a submaximal repeated hopping exercise performed for a ten-minute period was an aerobic exercise and a steady-state exercise. There was a significant positive correlation between RE and HE (r = 0.805, p<0.01). These results suggest that hopping economy is an important factor in running economy. On the other hand, we did not find a significant correlation between HE and 5RJ. Furthermore, between RE and RJ index of the submaximal hopping exercise, a significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.735, p<0.01). Therefore, RE seems to be connected with the Stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function of the legs. We conclude that the SSC ability of a long distance runner can be evaluated appropriately by using the submaximal repeated hopping exercise of this study.

著者

金尾 洋治 勝田 茂

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.311-319, 1983-12-01

被引用文献数

1 2 3

---

Specifically designed programs of sprint and endurance running were used to comparison of each training effect on muscle fibers and those of capillary supply. Wistar strain male rats (42 days after birth) were trained by treadmill for 10 weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle were histochemically studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) The body and muscle weight of the rats in both training groups were significantly smaller than those of the control group. 2) The sprint training caused hypertrophy of muscle fiber, but the endurance training did not. 3) The endurance training group showed the higher value in the number of capillaries per fiber (CF ratio), per mm^2 (CD), around each fiber type (CC) than control group. And the endurance training group showed the lower value in the distance of diffusion than sprint training group and control group. 4) The sprint training group showed the higher value in CF ratio and CC than control group, but not so high as endurance training group. These results suggest that training effects are specific to the type of training program used.

著者

川中 健太郎 佐野 明子

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.6, 2003-12-01

著者

塩瀬 圭佑

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.125-131, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-03-19)

参考文献数

60

---

Carbohydrate is a crucial energy fuel for exercise, and carbohydrate supplementation as peri-exercise has beneficial effects on exercise performance. However, recent studies have indicated the possibility that periodized carbohydrate restriction improves exercise performance. Carbohydrate restriction before exercise increases fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) and alternatively prevents carbohydrate consumption during exercise. This may contribute to the prevention of muscle glycogen depletion during endurance exercise competition. Additionally, acute and chronic studies have shown that peri-exercise carbohydrate restriction enhances molecular and functional adaptation related to FAO. Similarly, exercise training in a low-muscle glycogen state accompanied by carbohydrate restriction was reported to enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and improve FAO capacity, aerobic capacity, and endurance performance in untrained and highly trained subjects. The potential mechanism of these metabolic adaptations may be related to elevated circulating fatty-acid and adrenaline concentration during exercise with carbohydrate restriction and/or a low-muscle glycogen state. In addition, a decrease in muscle glycogen content may trigger signaling pathways related to FAO and mitochondria biogenesis by activating proteins with a glycogen-binding domain. This article reviews the effects of exercise with carbohydrate restriction and/or low-muscle glycogen state on metabolic adaptation and exercise performance and describes the molecular mechanisms and availability.

著者

今泉 和彦 立屋敷 かおる

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.279-286, 2005 (Released:2006-12-01)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The present article briefly overviews the principal pathway of ethanol metabolism in the liver cell and hormonal regulations of ethanol metabolism, and a relationship between alcohol drinking volume (=alcohol consumption) and the degree of alcohol intoxication. This article also focuses on a possible mechanism of sex difference in rat liver cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, and the effects of bile, bile acids, vegetable oils and unsaturated fatty acids on plasma ethanol levels and gastric emptying in ethanol-administered rats. Finally, the recent findings concernig a relationship between alcohol drinking and human health are described.

著者

鈴木 大地 中村 雅俊 大箭 周平 青木 孝史 江玉 睦明

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.117-123, 2019-04-01 (Released:2019-03-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 2

---

It is well known that eccentric exercise induces muscle damage that is characterized by a prolonged decrease in muscle strength and range of motion, development of delayed onset muscle soreness, and swelling. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the acute effects of hold-relax stretching (HRS) with those of static stretching (SS) on muscle strength and soreness. The participants comprised 28 male volunteers randomly assigned to either the HRS group (N = 14) or the SS group (N = 14). Initially, the participants of both groups performed 60 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Two and four days after this exercise, each group performed either HRS or SS for 60 s at a time and repeated them six times for a total of 360 s. Muscle strength and soreness during stretching and contraction were measured before and immediately after HRS and SS. The results showed that the muscle soreness observed after eccentric contraction significantly decreased immediately after both HRS and SS were performed two and four days later. In addition, there were no significant changes in muscle strength immediately after both HRS and SS were performed two and four days later. The rate of change in muscle soreness after HRS was significantly higher than that after SS two days post eccentric contractions. These results suggest that while both HRS and SS can effectively decrease muscle soreness, the effect of HRS on muscle soreness was larger than the effect of SS.

著者

河端 将司 加賀谷 善教 島 典広 西薗 秀嗣

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.225-234, 2008-04-01 (Released:2008-08-13)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

6 4

---

This study examined changes in intra-abdominal pressure and trunk activation during drop jump and the influence of those factors on performance. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and surface electromyography (EMG) activity from the rectus abdominis (RA), transversus abdominis-internal oblique (TrA-IO) and erector spinae (ES) muscles were measured in seven males (22.3±1.0 years) during double-leg drop jumps from a 0.4 m height. Development of IAP (ΔIAP) and normalized rmsEMGs were calculated in the pre-contact, impact and push-off phases, after divided by ground reaction force data. TrA-IO activation which occurred prior to ground contact were the earliest and strongest compared to other muscles activation during each phase.ΔIAP during the impact phase coincided with the peak vertical force. There were significant positive correlations between ΔIAP, TrA-IO activation and vertical force per weight. In addition, the contact time correlated negatively with ΔIAP, TrA-IO activation and vertical force per weight. These findings indicate that ΔIAP and TrA-IO activation may contribute to trunk stability and efficient landing during double-leg drop jump.