著者
小宮 常康 佐藤 喬
雑誌
情報処理
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.9, pp.490-494, 2021-08-15

高校では2022年度から必履修科目「情報I」の学習が始まり,情報教育の充実が図られる.それに基づいて大学入学共通テスト「情報」が加わる方針が示されている.そこで,本会第83回全国大会で開催されたイベント企画「2025年実施の大学情報入試への展望」では,情報教育と情報入試について,これまでの動向と最新情報を提供し,これからの大学情報入試へ向けた展望を議論した.本稿では,本イベントについて報告する.
著者
柿本 浩一 渡辺 匡人 江口 実 日比谷 孟俊
出版者
社団法人 日本流体力学会
雑誌
日本流体力学会誌「ながれ」 (ISSN:02863154)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.1, pp.5-15, 1994-02-28 (Released:2011-03-07)
参考文献数
27

The quality of large semiconductor crystals grown from silicon melts is significantly affected by the heat and mass transfer in the melt. The characteristics of silicon flows are reviewed by focusing on the Coriolis force in the rotating melt. Description of flow instability is included that shows our level of understanding of melt convection with a low Prandtl number.
著者
上野 アキ
雑誌
美術研究 = The bijutsu kenkiu : the journal of art studies
巻号頁・発行日
no.269, pp.1-35, 1970-11-10

An enormous amount of artistic and literary materials were brought from Tun-huang by Sir Aurel Stein and Paul Pelliot. The paintings among them are now in British Museum, London, National Museum, New Delhi and Musée Guimét, Paris. As for the Stein Collection, there are descriptions in Serindia, Oxford, 1921, and Thousand Buddhas, London, 1921, and there is a comprehensive study by Dr. MATSUMOTO, Eiichi, Tonkōga no Kenkyū (Studies on Tun-huang Paintings), Tokyo, 1937. On the other hand, no comprehensive documentation has not yet published as to the Pelliot Collection. In the present paper, the author discusses banner paintings representing Buddha's life from both collections. She here treats long narrow banners in which scenes from Buddha's life are vertically arranged and she does not treat so called side scenes belonging to a larger painting. There are thirty-two pieces which are generally regarded to be of this category including fragments, namely, eighteen in Brisith Museum, eleven in National Museum, New Delhi, and three in Musée Guimét. Some of these works have been illustrated in the above mentioned books. In preparing the plates of the present number, the author puts emphasis on the unpublished works. For instance, those shown in the colour plate are works which have not been published in colour before. The present paper consists of two parts. In the first part in this number, the author gives detailed descriptions to the works and in the second part she will discuss their subjects, styles, techniques and dates. As for the works of Stein Collection, she uses the numbering system now in use in British Museum, that is, the numbering system adopted in Catalogue of Paintings Recover ed from Tun-huang by Sir Aurel Stein, London, 1931. The correspondence with the original numbering system by Stein is shown in the table in page 3. The main works discussed in the present paper are as follows: Stein Collection No. 84 (Pl. IIIa) has short explanation phrases as well as No. 86 (fig. 1), a work of the same type. Both explanations are of naive letters written with a sort of pen. Stein Collection No. 85 (Pl. II) is a work chiefly done in line drawing. The rendering technique of the profiles of men seen at the upper part is characteristic. It depicts the pursuers galloping their horses after Siddhartha's "great departure," Siddhartha's horse Kanthaka and the groom Chandaka leaving him in the mountain and Kanthaka coming back to the palace. Stein Collection No. 88 is a part of a larger composition judging from the seam running vertically at the right portion, and therefore it is hard to count it as a banner painting of Buddha's life. Nos. 88 (fig. 3) and 90 (fig. 4) might be called the best among the works discussed here, with very fine brushwork, precise rendition and brilliant colours. No. 88 depicts the scenes with the aged and the sick of the four scenes Prince Siddhartha saw outside the four gates of the palace. No. 90 shows his training in literary and military arts in his boyhood. The fringes on the both sides and between the sections has patterns decorated with rainbow grading in which the T'ang style combinations of blue with red and green with violet are consistently observed. Stein Collection Nos. 91 (Pl. IIIb) and 89 (Pl. IIIc) are proved to have belonged to the same composition depicting the dream of Mahāmāyā, the birth of Siddhartha, his bath in the Lumbini Garden and the scene of the seven steps. Stein Collection No. 92 (fig. 5) is a complete banner with its top at the upper end and also with the bottom fringe. Stein Collection No. 93 has a drawing of the seven treasures of Cakravartin. Stein Collection No. 94 (Pl. Ia) depicts the three scenes of the "simultaneous birth". A sheep suckling a lamb, a cow licking the head of its calf and a mare suckling a foal are seen. The grasses each of which has one red flower and one violet flower are characteristic. Stein Collection No. 95 (fig. 7) is a work with brilliant colours depicting the scenes of the farewell of Chandaka and Kanthaka, the departure of Chandaka and the pursuit of the messengers. Stein Collection No. 96 (fig. 8) has the most standardized arrangement with four sections as well as No. 509 (fig. 17), both of them having flat areas of colours. The landscape seen in No. 509 is interesting enough. Stein Collection No. 97 (Pl. IVa) has scenes with dark colours compared with its fringes of floral patterns as well as No. 510 (fig. 17). The landscapes of both works show the mixture of the Six-Dynasties style and the Tang style. Stein Collection No. 98 (Pl. Ib) is a drawing with slight colours depicting the scenes of Siddhartha's marriage, pleasures of the palace and the great departure. The expression of the simple but lovely faces of the figures is interesting Stein Collection No. 99 (fig. 9) is one of the most beautiful paintings of this group. It de picts the seven treasures of Cakravartin, Prince Siddhartha's bath in the Lumbini Garden and the scene of the seven steps. Stein Collection No. 100 (fig. 10) is a drawing with faint colours showing scenes of five men running in fear in thundering rain, Prince Siddhartha's austerities and his bath in the Niranjanā River. Stein Collection No. 305 (fig. 12) bears the two same scenes as No. 95 and the scene of Buddha's preaching. The work itself is not so good as No. 95. Stein Collection No. 464 (Pl. IVb) keeps the top part of the banner. Well-preserved coarse pigments are seen. The fringes on the both sides and between the sections has the same characteristics as Nos. 514 and 515. Stein Collection No. 492 (fig. 13) is a beautifully coloured painting depicting four scenes concerning Siddhartha's great departure. The fact that the roof at the left end of the fourth scene is now upside-down compared with the plate in Serindia (fig. 15), suggests that the other side of the banner is also coloured. The author presumes that the top scene as is now framed must be the different side from the other part now seen in the frame (fig. 14). Stein Collection No. 514 (Pl. Ic) has fringes on the right and left sides and between the sections which are the same type as No. 515. The author attributes the third scene to the scene with Asita reading Siddhartha's character by his physical features and the fourth to the scene of Siddhartha's coming back to the palace after it. Musée Guimét EO 1154 (fig. 19) seems to be the scene concerning the great departure though it is now disordered due to the rough repairs and retouches. The fine rendition of the figures has something in common with Stein Collection No. 227. Musée Guimet Nos. 1216 (fig. 20) and 1217 (fig. 21) are complete banners. The former depicts the trainings of Siddhartha in his boyhood and the latter, his horse ride out of four gates of the palace. Both are of rather inferior work. The latter is shown in Pl. V alongside Stein Collection No. 88 with the same subject.
著者
Hiroki TABATA Hyeon-ki KIM Masayuki KONISHI Naoya ENDO Shizuo SAKAMOTO
出版者
Japanese Society of Clinical Physiology
雑誌
日本臨床生理学会雑誌 (ISSN:02867052)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.5, pp.191-200, 2019-12-01 (Released:2020-03-06)
参考文献数
40

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the substrate metabolism response to moderateand high-intensity equicaloric exercises in endurance-trained men. Methods: Ten male endurance-trained runners (mean ± standard error: age, 22 ± 1 years; body mass index, 19.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2; ⩒O2max, 64.1 ± 2.1 mL/kg/min) performed a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine the exercise intensity at which elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax) and subsequently completed two equicaloric exercises (53 min at Fatmax and 30 min at 65%⩒O2max). Substrate oxidation rates during exercise and 2-h post-exercise recovery period were determined using indirect calorimetry. Blood samples were collected before exercise; immediately post-exercise; and at 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h post-exercise to determine plasma noradrenaline, serum growth hormone (GH), and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. Results: Mean Fatmax was observed at 37.3 ± 4.6 %⩒O2max. Fat oxidation volume during exercise was significantly higher in the Fatmax trial than in the 65%⩒O2max trial (15.2 ± 1.5 g vs 8.5 ± 0.7 g, P < 0.01). No significant difference in fat oxidation occurred in the post-exercise recovery period. Serum GH and plasma noradrenaline concentrations were higher at 65%⩒O2max than at Fatmax immediately post-exercise (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in serum FFA levels between exercise intensities. Conclusions: Exercise at Fatmax oxidized more fat than exercise at 65%⩒O2max when matched for energy expenditure during exercise in endurance-trained men.
著者
笹部 昌利
出版者
佛教大学
巻号頁・発行日
2019

終了ページ : 335
著者
加藤 雅士
出版者
日本食生活学会
雑誌
日本食生活学会誌 (ISSN:13469770)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.4, pp.195-199, 2021 (Released:2021-05-01)
参考文献数
9

In 2013, traditional Japanese cuisine, or washoku, was registered as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO. The degree of attention to Japanese food has further increased around the world. Traditional Japanese cuisine has four main characteristics: washoku uses fresh ingredients and it is well-balanced, good-looking and an important part of annual events. It is notable that washoku is a healthy diet and has contributed to the longevity of Japanese people. Obviously, use of the Umami compounds such as glutamate and nucleic acid-relating substances, extracted from natural ingredients such as "kombu kelp” and "katsuobushi (dried bonito)” contributes to the deliciousness and healthiness of washoku. In addition to these compounds, fermented seasonings play an important role in the taste of Japanese cuisine by adding the other Umami components, such as amino acids other than glutamate, and peptides. There are many breweries of fermented seasonings such as miso, soy sauce, vinegar, and mirin in Aichi prefecture. And they have had a great impact on Japanese food culture. In this article I focused on the variety of fermented seasonings in Aichi and their history, process for making, characteristics and functionality.
著者
前田 正子
出版者
日本家族社会学会
雑誌
家族社会学研究 (ISSN:0916328X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.1, pp.26-36, 2012-04-30 (Released:2013-07-09)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1 1

家族のない人や地域とのつながりを持たない人が増えている中で,人々は困難に直面したとき,最後に役所にくる.しかし,年金や介護などの既存の社会保障制度や福祉制度だけでは,人々の複合的な問題は解決しない.人々の安心感を保障するためには既存の制度に加え,これまで家族が担ってきた対人サービスを社会的に供給することが必要になる.実際に子育て支援の現場では,親を孤立させないために行政と市民やNPOとの連携によってきめ細やかな支援が行われている.だが,家族的ケアを社会的に供給すべきかどうかという点にも議論があるだろう.また,その供給に同意が得られたとしても,何を誰がどう供給するか,それは誰が担い,財源はどう確保するのか,自助・共助・公助の役割分担をどうすべきかといった議論が必要になるだろう.
著者
世古 俊明 隈元 庸夫 高橋 由依
出版者
公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学Supplement
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2012, pp.48101430, 2013

【はじめに】大殿筋、中殿筋は股関節の肢位の違いによって筋線維走行や筋線維長が変化し、発揮される筋活動や運動作用の逆転が起こり筋機能も変化する。そのため立位保持や歩行など運動機能を考える上で関節角度の変化に伴う筋の作用や筋力発揮の特性を解明することは運動療法で重要となる。とりわけ大殿筋と中殿筋のトレーニングは関節可動域制限などの理由にて股関節屈曲位での実施となることが多々みられる。本報告の目的は、股関節の肢位の違い及び運動の違いが大殿筋、中殿筋の筋活動に及ぼす影響を筋電図学的に検討し、その機能を考察することである。【方法】対象は健常者9 名(全例男性、平均22.5 歳、169.7cm、65.0kg)とした。施行運動は等尺性股関節伸展運動(股関節伸展運動)と等尺性股関節外転運動(股関節外転運動)の2 種類とした。施行条件は股関節の屈曲角度の違いとして、側臥位での股関節屈曲90 度位(90 度位)、股関節屈曲0 度位(0 度位)、股関節伸展15 度位(−15 度位)の3 条件とした。90 度位のみハムストリングスの影響を最小限とするため膝関節90 度屈曲位とした。筋活動の測定には表面筋電計(Tele Myo G2、Noraxon社製)を用いた。右側の大殿筋上部線維(UGMa)、大殿筋下部線維(LGMa)、中殿筋(GMe)、大腿二頭筋(BF)、腰部背筋(LE)を導出筋とし、得られた筋活動を徒手筋力検査判定5 の筋活動量で正規化し、これを%MVCとして算出した。なお筋電図は生波形を全波整流し、筋電図解析ソフトにて解析した。また施行運動での股関節伸展筋力と股関節外転筋力を施行条件ごとに徒手筋力測定器(MICROFET2、Hoggan Health社製)で計測し、体重で除した値をそれぞれの筋力値として採用した。筋電図と筋力値の測定は同期化し、被験者の施行運動中は検者と別の検者が体幹を固定して測定の再現性に努めた。各筋の%MVCを施行運動の違いで、筋力値を施行条件の違いで比較検討した。統計処理はt-test、Welch検定、Wilcoxon-t検定、Holmの方法を用いて有意水準を5%未満とした。【倫理的配慮、説明と同意】対象者にはヘルシンキ宣言に則り、十分な配慮を行い、本研究の目的と方法、個人情報の保護について十分な説明を行い、同意を得た。【結果】UGMa、LGMaの%MVCは−15 度位で股関節外転運動時よりも股関節伸展運動時に高値を示した。UGMa、LGMaの%MVCは90 度位で股関節伸展運動時よりも股関節外転運動時に高値を示した。GMeの%MVCはすべての施行条件で施行運動の違いによる差を認めなかった。BFの%MVCは0 度位で股関節外転運動時よりも股関節伸展運動時に高値を示した。LEの%MVCは90 度位で股関節外転運動時よりも股関節伸展運動時に高値を示した。股関節伸展筋力値は施行条件の違いで差を認めなかったが、股関節外転筋力値は90 度位、−15 度位よりも0 度位で高値を示した。【考察】UGMa、LGMaは筋走行の特性から股関節伸展位では伸展作用、屈曲位では外転作用を有することが考えられている。今回、大殿筋の筋活動量が−15 度位では股関節伸展運動時に、90 度位では股関節外転運動時に筋活動量がそれぞれ高値を示したことは、この解剖学的筋走行の影響を筋電図学的に裏付ける結果になったと考える。また股関節伸展筋力値が施行条件で差を認めなかった。この股関節伸展運動時の筋活動量と筋力値の結果は、UGMa、LGMが90 度位では筋長が伸張位となるため活動張力よりも静止張力に依存し、−15 度位では筋長が短縮位となるため静止張力よりも活動張力に依存していた可能性を示唆するものと考える。また骨盤の代償動作を固定していたとはいえども90 度位での股関節伸展運動時にはLEが伸張位となり骨盤を介した股関節伸展運動の固定筋として活動しやすく、UGMa、LGMaによる伸展運動を効率的に発揮させていた可能性も考えられた。GMeがすべての施行条件で股関節外転運動時と股関節伸展運動時の筋活動量に有意差を認めない一方で股関節外転筋力値が0 度位で高値を示したことは、股関節深屈曲位よりも浅屈曲位でより活動すると筋電図学的に報告されている大腿筋膜張筋の影響が考えられ、膝関節屈曲角度要因とともに今後の検討課題となった。【理学療法研究としての意義】股関節屈曲角度の違いによる筋活動の違いとして、中殿筋は今後の検討課題が明確となり大殿筋は筋活動特性の一知見が筋電図学的に得られた。この知見は臨床での運動療法時や動作分析時における基礎的情報になると考える。