著者
菊池 浩光
出版者
北海道大学大学院教育学研究院
雑誌
北海道大学大学院教育学研究院紀要 (ISSN:18821669)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.117, pp.83-111, 2012-12-26

人が衝撃的な出来事に遭遇すると心的外傷を生じることがある。心的外傷は,被害者と社会との間に理解が困難な裂け目をつくり出す。1980 年に心的外傷の特徴的な症候群がPTSD と診断されるようになり,心的外傷被害者の認知や救済に大きな役割を果たしてきた。しかし,被害者は医学的な症状だけに苦しんでいるのではなく,社会から正当に理解されず,孤独に追いやられて重い気持ちでひっそりと生きなくてはならないという生きづらさにも苦しんできたのである。 心的外傷が社会に正しく認知されないのは,外傷の伝達の困難性に由来している。それは,伝える側に「語ることの抵抗や困難」があるだけではなく,伝えられる側にも「聴くことの抵抗や困難」といった問題がある。双方の伝達困難な理由を明らかにして,改めて被害者の苦悩を考えたときに,外傷がもたらす「過去の自分との離断」と「社会との離断」という二つの離断が生きづらさの根底にあると考えられる。
著者
伊藤 麻由
出版者
富山大学比較文学会
雑誌
富大比較文学
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, pp.14-29, 2015

金子みすゞは、大正時代に生きた童謡詩人である。本論は、みすゞの詩の中から、先述した「私と小鳥と鈴と」を取り上げ、みすゞの詩が受け入れられていったその受容過程と、どのように人々に受け入れられてきたのかという、それぞれの詩の解釈を探るものである。
著者
辻本 芳郎 板倉 勝高 井出 策夫 竹内 淳彦 北村 嘉行
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.10, pp.477-504, 1962-10-01 (Released:2008-12-24)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
3 1

本研究は目本の工業を空間的配置の上から研究することをこころざしたものである.まず,最大の工業地帯である京浜の中核である東京都区内の分析を行なつた. 1958年末現在で都内30人以上の全工場を重化学工業・組立工業・軽工業の3部門にわけて考察した. 概観して,中小工場が多く,鉄鋼・化学・繊維などの基礎的原料部門にかけている.〈重化学工業〉城東・城北・城南に多いが,河川・運河ぞいのわつかの部分をのぞき,重量物をあつかうものは少く,雑貨工業か組立工業の一部とみとめられるものが多い.〈組立工業〉城南・城北の2大核心地域をもつが雑貨的耐久消費財の生産が主である.〈軽工業〉各種の問屋の集中地域である日本橋と,浅草を核として城東地域に卓越し,印刷出版は中央地域に集中している.これを総合すると雑貨の多い城東・中央の躯幹部分と,戦中戦後飛躍的に発達した組立工業を主とする城南・城北と,西郊に成立しつつある環状分布の地域に分けられる.いつれも同一製晶をめざした同業・関連業種の工場が割合せまい地域に集つている. これらの工場は,手労働を主とした雑貨的商品が多く製晶ごとめ問屋的生産組織が無数の小営業者を統括しているのが特色である.
著者
鈴木 亘
雑誌
學習院大學經濟論集 (ISSN:00163953)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.1, pp.15-47, 2015-04-01

本稿は,富山県における65歳以上の国民健康保険加入者の1998年4月から2003年3月の5年接続レセプトデータを用いて終末期医療費の現状を確認し,その上で,終末期医療費の削減可能性を考える上で基礎的な知見となる分析を行った。具体的には,①終末期医療費について,患者属性や医療機関側の特性を考慮した上で分布の幅を求めた。その結果,終末期医療費の平均値と95%下限の差の割合は5%~8%と小さく,標準化・地域格差縮小による削減可能性は意外に低いことがわかった。②次に,身体的な差異が小さいものの,自己負担率が大きく異なる69歳と70歳の人々に対して,老健移行前後で終末期医療費がどのように変化したかを比較した。その結果,死亡前12ヶ月から3ヶ月までの入院状況の差異を主因として,老健移行後に終末期医療費が20~40%程度大きくなることが分かった。③最後に,介護保険開始前後で終末期医療費を比較したところ,介護保険開始後に入院死亡率,死亡者の入院率は下がっており,年間医療費に占める死亡者の医療費割合は減少したことが分かった。ただし,一人当たりの死亡前医療費は3~10%ほど介護保険開始後の方が増加しており,在宅医療・介護推進によって医療から介護にシフトした分の終末期医療費は,一人当たり終末期医療費の低い人々のものであったと想像される。
著者
金 玄耿
出版者
史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)
雑誌
史林 (ISSN:03869369)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.100, no.4, pp.465-490, 2017-07

貴種は日本中世権門の上流階層の身分を表す概念であるが、その語は古代の史料からも見られる。古代史では貴種を天皇の血統と関連付けて、中世の貴種との関係は言及されなかった。本稿は、史料上の「貴種」の用例を検討し、その成立と転換の考察を通して、古代から中世への転換期における社会の変容の様相を捉える。まず、九世紀の文人貴族による文書から「貴種」が三位以上ないし公卿の子孫、ひいては王臣家の子弟を指すことを明らかにした。歴史学ではあまり使われなかった詩序を史料として活用し、貴族日記の記事を分析することで、持続的な公卿地位の継承なしに「貴種」と称される家柄の存在を一一世紀後半から確認した。同じ先祖を持つ門流から「貴種」の家とそうでない家が分岐する現象を通して、一一世紀中葉には貴族社会の変動に伴って「貴種」の家が成立し、家格の性格を帯びるようになった「貴種」が中世権門の身分へとつながった点を指摘した。Kishu 貴種 (noble birth) is used as a term while discussing the class structure of Medieval Japan. This term is related to the theory of kenmon taisei (the system of governance by several powerful families) proposed by Toshio Kuroda. It is said that kishu is the primary social class for a group of leaders from powerful aristocratic families, and prescribed by the standard of an official rank. However, although Kuroda brought the word kishu from historical records in the medieval period, it is also found from 9th century documents. In the aspect of ancient Japanese history, kishu is considered as the word concerning the lineage of the Emperor. The relationship between ancient and medieval concepts of kishu has not been argued at all. Establishing a consistent understanding of kishu is important for a discussion of the turning point in Japanese history, a serious change from the ancient society to the medieval one. In this article, I clarify the meaning and the indicated target of kishu using examples of historical records during the Heian period, especially shijo(preface of poems) which was rarely used in historical researches, so that new findings on families and the family status in Japan's medieval age can be provided. The first appearance of kishu in historical documents is in the early 9th century. It is used by a scholar-nobleman who used to be a monjōshō (student of literary studies in the Imperial University), as a meaning of 'offsprings of 3rd court rank officers or higher.' It is determined that the word kishu came from literature and history books of ancient China, which were textbooks for monjōshōs. According to those examples, it is found that kishu was relevant to the blood of noblemen who had high court rank. It does not apply to the Imperial family. However, Sugawara no Michizane, a scholar-nobleman with a monjōshō career, was using the word kishu in a different way in the late 9th century document. He called a daughter of the Emperor as kishu, so that a member of the Imperial family was treated like offsprings of high rank noblemen. Each of 3rd court rank officers or higher was given his own domestic governing institution, and it was same for sons and daughters of the Emperor. Those families were called Ōshinkes, which were so powerful that they began to have influence over the appointment of monjōshōs in the early 9th century, when the word kishu first appeared. Therefore, considering the actual situation at that time, kishu indicated descendants of Ōshinkes as powerful families. After that, the word kishu did not appear until the middle of 11th century. It is remarkable that kishu is not shown during the Sekkan period. In the late 11th century, the first example of kishu was found froma diary of a nobleman, used with the word kaimon (family of the minister). Compared to the 9th century, kishu was focused on a certain family, not the personal court rank. Many examples of kishu in shijos of the 11th-12th centuries are found with words like families of ministers or court nobles. In other words, descendants from families of ministers or court nobles were called kishu. A family of ministers or court nobles is a group of people who have their ancestors of ministers or court nobles. If a member of that family is not in a position of court noble, he could still be called kishu. On the contrary, even though a person who does not belong to the family of kishu became a court noble of high rank, his family could not get the name of kishu. Unfortunately, it is difficult to find out when the family of kishu was established, because we lack historical records in the Sekkan period. However, if we search the last generation of court nobles in a family of kishu and the first person who could not reach the position of court nobles as an ancestor of a non-kishu family, they were people in the middle of 11th century. At that time, the meaning of the word kishu as a family status became clarified. It was because Fujiwara Sekkan family declined and found it hard to produce many court nobles. In contrast, members of other families obtained promotion to become court nobles. Therefore, the word kishu became limited to families around the Sekkan family. And there is some possibility that the concept of kishu as a family status was started to be made from 10th century, when offsprings of Fujiwara no Morosuke prospered. It is said that family status in the medieval Japan existed, such as kindachi (able to be court nobles) and shotaifu (under court nobles). Kishu was a different status from kindachi, and it became the name of the social class for powerful families of the Heian aristocracy.
著者
坂内 知子
出版者
神田外語大学
雑誌
異文化コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:09153446)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, pp.83-103, 2003-03

The Iwakura Embassy was the first and last state embassy sent for the purpose of seeking a vision for future Japan. In the beginning, it had three aims for visiting the United States and eleven European countries: the first one was to be official visits to deliver imperial letters to the heads of the countries with which Japan had concluded treaties before Meiji Revolution. The second one was to make political efforts to improve the conditions for the reconclusion of the unequal treaties in the near future. The third one was the most realistic: so that the top leaders of the Meiji government could see the realities of advanced Europe (including the United States) and to learn the secret of modernization for Japan. Regarding the second and third aims, there have been a lot of research and thinking. However, the first goal has been taken for granted. Having the audience of a country's president or emperor is a most effective occasion to consider and become familiar with the characteristics of that nation. In this paper, I will study the audience received by the Iwakura Embassy in Imperial Russia as a subject of intercultural communication, and examine how the Japanese emissaries perceived the essense of that ceremony, and what influence was exerted over Japan through them.
著者
坂本 旬
出版者
法政大学キャリアデザイン学部
雑誌
法政大学キャリアデザイン学部紀要 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Lifelong Learning and Career Studies (ISSN:13493043)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.171-196, 2016-03

The aim of this study is survey on possibility that introduction of Mediaand Information Literacy (MIL) program to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) program in Japan. Though both of them are UNESCO education programs, there have not been such combined programs in the world. As Japanese National Commission for UNESCO (JNCU) and Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (NEXT) have been focusing to ESD and promoting UNESCO associate schools, there is not a MIL policy in Japan. But Hosei University joined in UNITWIN MILID (University Twinning of Media and Information Literacy and Interculturaldialogue) network as a associate member in 2014 and applied and adopted for ESD consortium for fostering global citizenship project which JNCU and NEXT made a public offering in 2015. Both of MIL and ESD programs share common principles like convergence approach, empowerment approach, cultural and linguistic diversity approach,gender and development based approach, and human rights based approach. MIL program will theoretically add or emphasize knowledge societies based approach and practically media literacy practice and inquiry based learning approach using school library as a learning center to ESD program. In 2015 Fukushima ESD consortium and Hosei University are introducing video production practices to 2 elementary schools that are UNESCO associate schools for presentation of ESD practice. One of them is exchangingvideo letter with a Nepali school which sustained damage from the earthquake. The other school will start exchange video letter program with the Japanese school in Phnom Penh in 2016. Fukushima ESD consortium and Hosei University are planning to strengthen the support system of MIL andESD programs to schools that will engage in them.
著者
藤澤 隆史 松井 淑恵 風井浩志 古屋 晋一 片寄 晴弘
雑誌
情報処理
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.8, pp.764-770, 2009-08-15

本稿では,「ヒトは音楽をどのように感じているのか」という観点から脳機能の計測方法およびその実験デザインついて解説する.まず,脳において音楽がどのように認知されているかについて,「音楽の脳機能局在」の観点からその関連部位について概観する.次に,脳機能の計測において用いられている代表的な装置とその諸特徴を紹介し,有効な計測信号を得るための実験デザインについて解説する.最後に研究例を3つ紹介し,音楽認知研究における脳機能計測の有効性を示す.これらの例が示す脳機能計測の有効性は,ユーザが楽しめる音楽インタフェースを開発する上で,音楽を聴取する脳の働きや脳機能計測法に対する正しい理解を深めることが一層重要となることを示唆している.