著者

東 真太郎 片山 郁夫

出版者

日本惑星科学会

雑誌

日本惑星科学会誌遊星人 (ISSN:0918273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.4, pp.318-325, 2015-12-25 (Released:2017-08-25)

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アポロ計画で設置された地震計によって月にも地震(月震)が起きることがわかっている.月震は発生領域や発生メカニズムによって,浅発月震,深発月震,熱月震,インパクトによる月震に分類されており,我々はこの月震の中でも深さ約800-1200km付近で起きる深発月震について,月内部のレオロジー構造とともに考察した.月内部の温度構造から考察されるレオロジー構造から,深発月震は明らかに塑性変形領域で発生していることがわかった.通常は破壊や滑りが起こらない塑性変形領域で深発月震が起こるメカニズムを,地球で起きる地震の発生メカニズムのモデルを参考に考察した.

著者

吉田晶子[著]

出版者

国土交通省国土交通政策研究所

巻号頁・発行日

2007

著者

石黒 直樹 原田 紀子 江端 望 藤井 幸一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本ペインクリニック学会

雑誌

日本ペインクリニック学会誌 (ISSN:13404903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0018, (Released:2020-01-21)

参考文献数

48

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変形性関節症の痛みについて,患者には「関節軟骨が剥がれて,むき出しになった骨が擦れて痛い」「骨棘がぶつかるから痛い」と説明されることが多いと思われるが,実際はそれ以上に複雑である.もちろん,骨や軟骨,関節周囲の支持組織の構造変化は痛みの原因になり得るが,変形性関節症の痛みには,滑膜炎や軟骨・半月板内側などの無神経野への神経伸長,中枢性/末梢性感作や下行性疼痛抑制系の異常など,さまざまな要素が関連している.これらの要素は,密接にかかわりながらもそれぞれ独自の機能を有するため,独自に異常をきたし得る.つまり,変形性関節症の痛みは,非常に複雑かつ病期や患者個人によって痛みの主因がさまざまであるため,異常をきたしている要素に応じた治療が求められる.超高齢社会を迎えるにあたり,われわれ医療従事者が変形性関節症患者の診療を行う機会はさらに増えていくと思われる.変形性関節症の痛みに対するテーラーメイドの治療を実現するには,まず変形性関節症で起きている変化や痛みの原因について,深く理解することが重要である.

著者

Eiichi KAWAKAMI Tatsuya HORI Toshihiko TSUTSUI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.10, pp.1107-1111, 1999-10-25 (Released:2000-04-12)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

12 14

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The effects of a cryptorchid testis on the contralateral testis were investigated after artificially producing unilateral cryptorchidism in 8 beagle dogs. Bilateral testicular biopsy and collection of spermatic vein blood and peripheral vein blood were performed at the time of the operation to produce the cryptorchidism and 52 weeks later. The testicular tissue was used for histological examination by light microscopy and measurement of the testicular transferrin (Tf) concentration by enzyme immunoassay. Plasma testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Semen was collected weekly and its quality was examined. No spermatogenesis was observed in the cryptorchid testes at 52 weeks after the operation, and the number of germ cells in the contralateral testes had decreased but the number of Sertoli cells did not change. The Tf concentration in both testes had also decreased. The mean total number of sperm between 48 and 52 weeks after the operation (194 × 106) was less than half the number before the operation (510 × 106). Mean spermatic vein plasma T levels (51 ng/ml) in the cryptorchid testes 52 weeks after the cryptorchid operation were significantly lower than before the operation (91 ng/ml; P<0.05). By contrast, spermatic vein plasma E2 levels (80 pg/ml) were significantly higher than the values before the operation (51 pg/ml P<0.05). The peripheral plasma LH levels decreased. These findings indicate that a large quantity of E2 secreted by the cryptorchid testis inhibits the endocrine and spermatogenic functions of the contralateral testis in the dog. In particular, it is assumed that dysfunction of the contralateral testis is associated with Sertoli cell dysfunction suggested by the low Tf concentration.

著者

Longquan REN Mohamed S. MEDAN Mariko OZU Chunmei LI Gen WATANABE Kazuyoshi TAYA

出版者

THE SOCIETY FOR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

雑誌

Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0601130020, (Released:2006-01-16)

被引用文献数

20 29

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The effect of induced cryptorchidism on testicular function and sperm motility was investigated. Bilateral cryptorchidism was created surgically in adult male rats (treated group), and sham-operated rats were used as a control group. Five rats from each group were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery. The percentage of motile spermatozoa began to decrease 1 day after the operation, followed by an abrupt decline 3 and 5 days later in cryptorchid rats. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in the other sperm motility parameters 5 days after inducement of cryptorchidism. In cryptorchid rats, plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone, and inhibin B were significantly lower than in the control group 1 day after the operation. Thereafter, plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone gradually increased in the cryptorchid rats. On the other hand, plasma concentrations of inhibin B showed a further decline from day 3 after the operation onward. Concentrations of immunoreactive (ir)-inhibin, but not testosterone, in testicular interstitial fluid were remarkably increased until 3 days after surgery in the cryptorchid rats, and declined thereafter. Testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for testosterone release was decreased in the cryptorchid rats compared with the control rats, indicating that heat stress to testes resulted in a reduction of the activity of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. These results clearly indicate that heat stress to the testes resulted in a significant reduction of sperm activity within 3 days, and this was followed by changes in testicular endocrine function.

著者

米山 忠寛

出版者

吉川弘文館

雑誌

日本歴史 (ISSN:03869164)

巻号頁・発行日

no.852, pp.101-103, 2019-05

著者

Sosyu Tsutsui Kiyoshi Sakuragi Kiyohiko Igarashi Masahiro Samejima Satoshi Kaneko

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.17-22, 2020-02-20 (Released:2020-02-20)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4

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Sugarcane bagasse is a useful biomass resource. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of ammonia pretreatment for selective release of hemicellulose from bagasse. Pretreatment of bagasse with aqueous ammonia resulted in significant loss of xylan. In contrast, pretreatment of bagasse with anhydrous ammonia resulted in almost no xylan loss. Aqueous ammonia or anhydrous ammonia-pretreated bagasse was then subjected to enzymatic digestion with a xylanase from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 or a xylanase from the GH family 11. The hydrolysis rate of xylan in bagasse pretreated with aqueous ammonia was approximately 50 %. In contrast, in the anhydrous ammonia-treated bagasse, xylan hydrolysis was > 80 %. These results suggested that anhydrous ammonia pretreatment would be an effective method for preparation of sugarcane bagasse for enzymatic hydrolysis to recover xylooligosaccharides.

著者

Yuya Furushiro Takashi Kobayashi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jag.JAG-2019_0014, (Released:2019-10-29)

被引用文献数

9

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Glucose and fructose were treated in subcritical water in the presence of alkali or alkaline earth metal chlorides. All salts accelerated the conversion of saccharides, and alkaline earth metal chloride greatly promoted the isomerization of glucose to fructose. In contrast, alkali metal salts only slightly promoted this isomerization and facilitated the decomposition of glucose to byproducts such as organic acids. The selectivity of the glucose-to-fructose isomerization was higher at lower conversions of glucose and in the presence of alkaline earth metal chlorides. The pH of the reaction mixture also greatly affected the selectivity, which decreased rapidly at lower pH due to the generated organic acids. At low pH, decomposition of glucose became dominant over isomerization, but further conversion of glucose was suppressed. This result was elucidated by the suppression of the alkali-induced isomerization of glucose at low pH. Fructose underwent decomposition during the treatment of the fructose solution, but its isomerization to glucose was not observed. The added salts autocatalytically promoted the decomposition of fructose, and the reaction mechanism of fructose decomposition differed from that of glucose.

著者

Ken Fukami Daiki Suehiro Motoko Ohnishi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jag.JAG-2019_0013, (Released:2019-10-30)

被引用文献数

8

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We examined the in vitro digestibility of maltobionic acid, obtained from enzymatic oxidation of maltose, its utilization by intestinal bacteria, and its biological effects on the bowel movements in healthy subjects. We found that maltobionic acid is not digested in vitro by saliva, gastric juice, or pancreatic juice. Moreover, it is digested only to a small extent by small intestinal enzymes. Among the 24 strains of intestinal bacteria, maltobionic acid was selectively utilized by Bifidobacterium dentium and Bi. adolescentis. We also evaluated the influence of long-term ingestion of maltobionic acid calcium salt on bowel movements in healthy Japanese women by a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Thirty-four subjects completed the study, and no adverse events related to the test food were observed. Ten subjects were excluded prior to the efficacy analysis because of conflict with the control criteria; the remaining 24 subjects were analyzed. Intake of test food containing 4 g maltobionic acid for 4 weeks caused a significant increase in the stool frequency, significant improvement in stool form scale and CAS-MT total scores as compared with the placebo group. These results suggest that maltobionic acid is an indigestible carbohydrate and is a promising therapeutic agent for improving the intestinal environment.

著者

天沢 逸里 文 多美 中谷 隼

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.161-173, 2019 (Released:2019-04-25)

参考文献数

42

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近年、シェアリングエコノミーは経済活性化、社会問題の解決、さらに環境面の効果も期待できるとして脚光を浴びているが、実際に従来の経済活動から環境負荷を削減できるかどうかは不透明である。シェアリングエコノミーが持つ環境負荷削減ポテンシャルを明らかにすべく、本稿ではまず従来から現代に至るまでのシェアリングの特徴を集成し、シェアリングエコノミーにおける概念フレームワークを把握する。次に、LCAによるシェアリングエコノミーの評価の枠組みを整理し、シェアリングが普及することによる環境負荷の増減要因を具体化する。その増減要因に基づき、シェアリングに伴う環境負荷や資源消費の増減がどういった側面から評価されているのか、ライフサイクル思考に基づいて国内外の評価事例をレビューする。

著者

原田 幸明

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.7-13, 2020 (Released:2020-01-25)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1

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2020 年の東京オリンピック・パラリンピックの金銀銅のメダルはオリンピック史上で初めてすべてリサイクル原料で製造される。すなわち天然の鉱石からではなく都市鉱山からつくる都市鉱山メダルである。本稿では、その意義と、それをレガシー(引き継ぐべきもの)として持続可能社会へ向けて定着させていく動きについて述べる。

出版者

日本LCA学会

雑誌

日本LCA学会誌 (ISSN:18802761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.50-51, 2020 (Released:2020-01-25)

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著者

高田 明和

出版者

慶應義塾大学

巻号頁・発行日

1966

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博士論文

著者

奥田 拓道

出版者

徳島大学

巻号頁・発行日

1969

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博士論文

著者

石田 名香雄

出版者

東北大学

巻号頁・発行日

1951

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博士論文

著者

小山 雄資 市村 良平 木方 十根

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.676, pp.1479-1488, 2012-06-30 (Released:2012-07-27)

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper clarifies the foundation process and projects of the Kagoshima City Housing Association (KCHA) from 1945 to 1966. We evaluate the importance of KCHA as a working organ for the housing policy, also the characteristics of their architectural works. A commercial union took the initiative in KCHA's foundation, and the revival through the commercial activation, not only by the housing supply, was the particularity of KCHA's performance. Staff of the architectural section of the Kagoshima City Office involved to the advanced design projects, such as shop-houses, apartments, suburban residential developments with detached houses.

著者

稲田 祐二

出版者

東京大学

巻号頁・発行日

1961

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博士論文

著者

稲田祐二 谷本剛編

出版者

廣川書店

巻号頁・発行日

1993

著者

稲田祐二[著]

出版者

平河工業社

巻号頁・発行日

1997

著者

Boseon YU Hyunduk KIM Wonik CHOI Dongseop KWON

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E96.D, no.12, pp.2776-2785, 2013-12-01 (Released:2013-12-01)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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Recently, various research efforts have been conducted to develop strategies for accelerating multi-dimensional query processing using the graphics processing units (GPUs). However, well-known multi-dimensional access methods such as the R-tree, B-tree, and their variants are hardly applicable to GPUs in practice, mainly due to the characteristics of a hierarchical index structure. More specifically, the hierarchical structure not only causes frequent transfers of small volumes of data but also provides limited opportunity to exploit the advanced data parallelism of GPUs. To address these problems, we propose an approach that uses GPUs as a buffer. The main idea is that object entries in recently visited leaf nodes are buffered in the global memory of GPUs and processed by massive parallel threads of the GPUs. Through extensive performance studies, we observed that the proposed approach achieved query performance up to five times higher than that of the original R-tree.