著者

大場 博幸

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

出版研究 (ISSN:03853659)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.93-117, 2002

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<p>Discourses on reading published in the Meiji Era are analyzed to show that they reflected the social change of the time. Thirty-three books are examined and can be classified into five categories. The first is the traditional reading of Chinese classics from the Edo Period which disappeard rapidly after the Meiji restoration. Then, the object and method of reading had undergone a radical change in order to satisfy the needs of the emerging middle class. Thus appeared the second type of reading, which pursued acquisition of pragmatic knowledge derived from the modern-Western world, followed by the third, which emphasized efficiency in the way of reading for school success. The fourth reading appeared when the upheavals had almost come to an end and the new class system took shape. It emphasized self-discipline in all aspects of life, including reading, which gave an intellectual and ethical condition to the ordinary, non-elitisitic way of life. The last type contrasts sharply with the fourth. Its purpose is to mold reader's personality through reading of humanistic works. This type was widespread among students in the newly established higher education system.</p>

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1908年10月24日, 1908-10-24

著者

坪井 りん

出版者

日本マス・コミュニケーション学会

雑誌

マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.111-128, 2005-01-31 (Released:2017-10-06)

参考文献数

6

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This paper examines what kind of roles journalism played on the foundation of Modern “Art” at the Meiji era in Japan. It first looks at how arts were reported by journalism when it had not yet been established as a system and discusses the intimate relation between two. It then examines how the relation gradually changed with the commencement of art exhibitions, focusing on the newspaper coverage on the “Hakubakai” exhibitions. Finally, it looks at the Bunten, the national art exhibition held by Ministry of Education, and discusses how journalism shifted to overheated reports, naturally resulting to affect the viewers.

著者

Toshinori Tanaka Nobukazu Tanaka Yukio Nagano Hirotaka Kanuka Daisuke S. Yamamoto Natsuko Yamamoto Eiji Nanba Takumi Nishiuchi

出版者

Academic Consociation of Environmental Safety and Waste Management, Japan

雑誌

環境と安全 (ISSN:18844375)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.E19SC0801, (Released:2019-10-07)

参考文献数

12

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Gene drive is a powerful system that can spread a desirable genetic trait into an entire species and/or population of a certain region,bypassing Mendelian rules of inheritance. Recently, one of the genome editing technologies, CRISPR/Cas, has been developed, making it easier to use gene drive in many different organisms. However, gene drive has potential risks that impact genetic diversity when organisms produced by CRISPR/Cas-based Gene Drive Technology (CCGDT) are accidentally released; therefore, a high degree of prudence is required when CCGDT is used.In Japan, a Working Group on Gene Drive has been established in the Academic Association for Promotion of Genetic Studies (AAPGS), and a Statement on the Handling of Gene Drive was issued to the public including research institute across Japan, after comprehensive and extensive discussions by the working group in order to reduce risks posed by CCGDT. A national-wide survey on CCGDT was implemented. The survey revealed that those in managerial positions including members and secretariats of institutional review boards on recombinant DNA, and biosafety officers are conscious of CCGDT, and efforts to grasp experimental plans involving CCGDT are made by utilizing an application form for recombinant DNA experiment. In contrast, potential risks of CCGDT are not understood by many researchers. All stakeholders need to disseminate potential risks and preventive measures regarding CCGDT to all researchers who may wish to use this technology. Researchers should use CCGDT upon understanding its potential risks and taking necessary measures. This report refers to how safety measures for CRISPR/Cas-based gene drive technology which has potential risks to ecological system has been discussed and results of national-wide questionnaire survey on gene drive in Japan based on the poster presentation at the Asian Conference on Safety & Education in Laboratory 2018.

著者

下羅 弘樹 横田 裕思 松井 宏樹 野田 五十樹 柴山 明寛 羽田 靖史 目黒 淳一 Hiroki Shimora Hiroshi Yokota Hiroki Matsui Itsuki Noda Akihiro Shibayama Yashusi Hada Jun-ichi Meguro

雑誌

SIG-SAI = SIG-SAI

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.1-7, 2007-11-26

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災害時情報共有のためのプロトコル、およびそのプロトコルを扱うサーバシステムを提案する。災害時において情報共有をいかに行うかは迅速な災害対応を行う上で重要であるが、実際の災害現場では紙ベースあるいは閉鎖的なシステムによる情報管理が行われており、十分な情報共有が行なわれていない。提案するシステムは、プロトコルとしてオープンな標準規格を用い、既存システムを柔軟に接続する事ができる。

著者

服部 裕

出版者

日本オーストリア文学会

雑誌

オーストリア文学 (ISSN:09123539)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.18-27, 1996-03-31 (Released:2017-03-31)

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Das Thema der Krise des modernen Subjektes, das Handke in "der Angst des Tormanns beim Elfmeter" vorwiegend bezuglich des Verhaltnisses von Worten, Gegenstanden und dem Subjekt beschaftigt, nimmt im "Kurzen Brief zum langen Abschied" weiterhin einen wichtigen Platz ein. Es handelt sich hier allerdings um den literarischen Versuch, wie ein neuartiges lch darzustellen ist, das mit sich einverstanden ist (S. 122). Der Protagonist, der sich nur mit "Ich" vorstellt, macht eine grosse Reise von der Ostkuste der USA bis nach Kalifornien, um dort in der Auseinandersetzung mit seinen eigenen Kindheitserinnerungen und dem kritischen Verhaltnis zur eigenen Frau eine fur den Bewohner der Alten Welt neue Weltanschauung mitzuerleben. Denn er hofft, dass er sich angesichts seiner neuen Erlebnisse nach und nach entwickeln konnte (Hellmuth Karasek : Ohne zu verallgemeinern, Ein Gesprach mit Peter Handke). Es geht also um die Suchreise, in der er die Moglichkeit zu einer neuen Art von Ich sucht, indem er versucht, mit der modernen subjektivistischen Weltanschauung der Alten Welt abzurechnen. In der Suchreise lasst sich zeigen, dass es sich um den ambivalenten Wunsch des Protagonisten handelt, einerseits bewusst das Ichbesusstsein loswerden, andererseits doch glechzeitig freies Ich sein zu wollen. Statt des Ich, das sich im Individualismus einsperrt, sucht er ein von sich selbst befreites Ich, das sich "vollkommene Korper- und Geistesgegenwart" (S. 135) und den Verkehr mit den anderen ermoglichen wird. An Henry Fonda als jungem Lincoln in John Fords Film erkennt er eine kunstlerische Vollendung dieses selbstlosen Ich. Dies stellt ihm allerdings nur ein Beispiel dar, das die Hoffnung auf mogliche Wiedergeburt des eignen Ich in ihm erweckt, denn "ich wollte nicht werden wie sie [Amerikaner im Film von Ford], sondern wie es mir moglich war" (S. 135). Dem Leser wird von Handke allerdings nicht klar das konkrete Bild der Wiedergeburt gezeigt, sondern nur sein literarischer Wille angedeutet, sich von der modernen europaischen Weltanschauung zu befreien und neue poetische Welt zu schaffen.

著者

立部 紀夫 金子 至

出版者

一般社団法人 日本デザイン学会

雑誌

デザイン学研究特集号 (ISSN:09196803)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.2-6, 1999

著者

川上 蓁

出版者

中央図書出版社

雑誌

国語国文 (ISSN:09107509)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.11, 1961-10

著者

藤本 賢一

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-60, 2018-03

著者

北原 糺

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.9, pp.1165-1172, 2014

被引用文献数

1

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1970年代に報告された耳音響放射は, 蝸牛における非線形性と外有毛細胞を中心とする能動運動に由来する音響反応と考えられている. 音響刺激のない場合でも内耳由来と考えられる自発性耳音響放射が検出され, 当初耳鳴との関係が注目された. 結局その関連性は耳鳴患者のごく一部に過ぎないとされたが, これを機に耳鳴を音響生理学的に捉えて他覚化することで, 耳鳴の発生機序, 責任部位の解明, 動物実験との比較, 薬物の効果判定, 新治療法の開発, 詐病としての耳鳴の発見などに新しい期待が出てきた.<br> 1990年代以降は, PET (positron emission tomography), MEG (magneto-encephalography), fMRI (functional MRI) 等の脳機能画像解析検査の普及により, 耳鳴を自覚する脳内賦活化部位の研究が進んだ. これら耳鳴の画像的他覚化の結果を踏まえて, 反復経頭蓋磁気刺激法と呼ばれる非侵襲的脳刺激による治療が検討されるようになった.<br> 最近, 血中の神経栄養因子 BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) 値が耳鳴の程度と関連があるか検討された. 耳鳴の程度を血中バイオ・マーカーによって他覚化しようとする試みであり, 興味深い分野である.<br> 耳鳴動物モデルを用いた研究では, 動物が耳鳴, つまり外部音なしで音を感じた時にとる行動を, 明確に把握する必要がある. われわれのグループは, 防音室内に音刺激装置と足底電気刺激装置を併せ持つ逃避行動実験装置を設け, 新たなサリチル酸耳鳴動物行動実験系を確立した. さらにわれわれのグループは, サリチル酸耳鳴動物行動実験系を使用して, サルチル酸投与ラットのらせん神経節における侵害受容体 TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel super family V-1) の発現上昇が, サリチル酸耳鳴の発生機構に深く関与していることを証明した.<br> 「耳鳴りの他覚的評価」とは, 耳鳴という通常第三者が聞くことも見ることもできない現象を, 電気生理学的のみならず, 動物行動学的, 分子生物学的なアプローチにより基礎研究的に他覚化し, 臨床検査として他覚化された諸成果とともに, 耳鳴全容の解明, 新しい治療法の発見を可能にする研究分野と考える.

出版者

海軍大臣官房

巻号頁・発行日

vol.巻18, 1944

出版者

海軍大臣官房

巻号頁・発行日

vol.巻16, 1943

著者

村越 直美 畠山 貴光

出版者

日本堆積学会

雑誌

堆積学研究 (ISSN:1342310X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.83-89, 2017-02-28 (Released:2017-04-17)

参考文献数

9

著者

金森 達之 岩田 祐子 瀬川 尋貴 山室 匡史 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.123-133, 2019 (Released:2019-07-31)

参考文献数

13

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The isomers of fluoro-butyrylfentanyl, fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl, and fluoro-methoxyacetylfentanyl, in which the position of fluorine on the N-phenyl ring varies, were synthesized, characterized, and differentiated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The isomers could be clearly differentiated by their IR spectra. In the LC/MS chromatograms, the separation of the fluoro-butyrylfentanyl and fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl isomers was insufficient. However, in the GC/MS extracted ion chromatograms, all compounds were completely separated. The LC/MS and GC/MS mass spectra of the isomers were similar, demonstrating that it is difficult to distinguish the positional isomers of fluorinated fentanyl analogs by their mass spectra.

著者

掛橋 秀直 志摩 典明 鎌田 寛恵 松田 駿太朗 中野 史保子 和田 美暁 佐々木 啓子 鎌田 徹 西岡 裕 財津 桂 土橋 均 三木 昭宏 片木 宗弘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.77-90, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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Three analogues of 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (α-PVP), 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(pyrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (4F-α-PVP), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one (4MeO-α-PVP) and 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)pentan-1-one (α-PVT), and their metabolites were determined in users' urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using newly synthesized authentic standards. The identified metabolites indicated that metabolic pathways of three α-PVP analogues include the reduction of the carbonyl group to the corresponding alcohols and the oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring to the corresponding pyrrolidone, and 4MeO-α-PVP and α-PVT have additional metabolic pathways of the O-demethylation and the oxidation of thienyl group respectively. The quantitative analyses of the urinary metabolites suggested that the main metabolic pathways of these α-pyrrolidinophenones (PPs) derivatives could vary largely depending on the aromatic rings or substituent groups on the aromatic ring of PPs.

著者

掛橋 秀直 鎌田 寛恵 石川 亜香里 浅井 龍太郎 新田 篤志 和田 美暁 中野 史保子 松田 駿太朗 佐々木 啓子 志摩 典明 鎌田 徹 西岡 裕 三木 昭宏 片木 宗弘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.73-78, 2019 (Released:2019-01-31)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2

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N-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-methamphetamine (t-BOCMA), a tert-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC) derivative of methamphetamine (MA), which has recently been reported in several countries, was seized for the first time in Japan in 2017. It deprotected easily in an acidic condition to result in an illicit MA, and recently became a newly designated drug of the Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Act. For drug enforcement, the information of its properties was, therefore, strongly demanded. In this study, we synthesized the t-BOCMA standard, acquired various analytical data, and demonstrated its conversion to MA in high yield in the relatively moderate acidic condition (5% HCl methanol solution, 50℃). Also, the stability of t-BOCMA in simulated gastric juice (0.08 M HCl, 37℃) was explored by using GC/MS. As the result, 19% of t-BOCMA remained even after 120 min incubation, and the T1/2 was calculated to be 50 min. These suggest that the orally ingested t-BOCMA would be absorbed into blood in some degree without conversion to MA.

著者

Takaya Murakami Yoshiaki Iwamuro Reiko Ishimaru Satoshi Chinaka Ippei Noda Shuhei Higashibayashi Nariaki Takayama

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.133-143, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5

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We present herein a practical methodology for elucidating the o-, m-, or p-fluorine substitution pattern of indazole-type synthetic cannabinoids containing a fluorobenzyl group at the N-1 position and a carbonyl group at the C-3 position via electron ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. We synthesized, as model compounds of the synthetic cannabinoids, the o-, m-, and p-fluorine positional isomers: 1-[1-(2-, 3-, and 4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]ethanone (o-, m-, and p-FUBINAE). Mass spectral analyses showed that the three isomers differed significantly in the logarithmic values of the abundance ratios of the product ion at m/z 109 to the precursor ion at m/z 253 (ln(A109/A253)), following the order of meta<ortho<para. In addition, the relationships between ln(A109/A253) and collision energy were linear with high correlation coefficients. Comparing the ln(A109/A253) plots of the FUBINAE isomers versus collision energy with similar plots of AB-FUBINACA and its o- and m-fluorobenzyl isomers showed that the three AB-FUBINACA isomers behaved as the FUBINAE isomers did with the same fluorine substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. Moreover, other synthetic cannabinoids with a p-fluorobenzyl group (ADB-FUBINACA, FUB-AMB, FUB-APINACA, FUB-NPB-22, and FU-PX-2) also exhibited behavior similar to p-FUBINAE. These results indicated that the fluorine substitution position on the phenyl ring can be differentiated by collating the model compounds according to the logarithmic plots of their mass spectral abundance ratios as a function of the collision energy.

著者

松田 駿太朗 掛橋 秀直 中野 史保子 志摩 典明 鎌田 徹 西岡 裕 三木 昭宏 坂本 雄紀 宮川 治彦 草野 麻衣子 財津 桂 土橋 均 片木 宗弘

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.109-121, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

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In this study, we describe a rapid gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analytical method that allows comprehensive detection and structural elucidation of synthetic cathinone-type designer drugs. Our proposed method consists of three simultaneous analytical procedures: 1) selective detection of the carbonyl group characteristic to each cathinone examined via selected reaction monitoring (SRM); and the determination of both 2) iminium cations and 3) substituted benzoyl cations generated via the α-cleavage of their corresponding amines and ketone moieties via product ion scanning, respectively.  One peak was detected in the SRM chromatogram for all cathinones examined in procedure 1), as well as the relevant single peaks in the total ion current chromatograms that resulted from procedures 2) and 3) at the same retention time. SRM of procedure 1) showed the transition of substituted benzoyl cations to substituted phenyl cations due to CO elimination, revealing the presence of carbonyl groups within the structures. Each product ion spectrum of the substituted benzoyl cation allowed for both determination of which group was substituted on the aromatic ring and differentiation between corresponding positional isomers for ethyl, methoxy and methylenedioxy substitution. However, identification of the substitution positions for the methyl, bromine and fluorine groups on the aromatic ring was difficult. On the other hand, differences between structural isomers in the product ion spectra of iminium cations were clearly identifiable, allowing for easy discrimination between isomers.

著者

春田 祐輔 森田 敦 大槻 光彦 中園 陽子 中山 秀幸 八ヶ代 一郎 内川 貴志

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.123-132, 2017 (Released:2017-07-27)

参考文献数

12

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Several synthetic cannabinoids such as AM-2201 contain the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole structure. This structure has fluorine positional isomers on the alkyl chain. In most cases, legal controls are placed only on the 5-fluoro analogue. Thus, differentiation of isomers is a significant issue in forensic science. In this study, we developed a method for the differentiation of positional isomers of 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole derivatives utilizing multiple-stage mass spectrometry using an ion trap tandem mass spectrometer. In addition, the analogues whose fluorine atom was replaced with a chlorine atom or hydroxyl group were also examined.  With respect to each positional isomer of fluorine and chlorine, the ion at m/z 232 or m/z 248, obtained by MS2 analysis of [M+H]+, were selected as the precursor ions for MS3 analysis. The ion at m/z 232 and m/z 248 corresponded to the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole and 3-carbonyl-N-chloropentylindole structures. Furthermore, the ion at m/z 212, corresponding to the de-halogenated fragments of the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole- and 3-carbonyl-N-chloropentylindole-structures, was selected as the precursor ion for MS4 analysis. Consequently, combination of these MSn analysis achieved differentiation of all the positional isomers.  With respect to positional isomers with the hydroxyl group, however, the fragment ion at m/z 212 was not observed from the MS3 analysis of m/z 230, which corresponds to the 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole structure. Therefore, differentiation of each positional isomer was not achieved by MSn analysis.  This method is useful for the differentiation of positional isomers of 3-carbonyl-N-fluoropentylindole and 3-carbonyl-N-chloropentylindole derivatives.

著者

金森 達之 岩田 祐子 辻川 健治 桑山 健次 山室 匡史 瀬川 尋貴 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.139-147, 2016 (Released:2016-07-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 3

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Simultaneous analytical methods for 18 compounds of fentanyl and its analogues by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) were developed. In TLC, fentanyl analogues were well separated by using toluene-acetone-28% aq. ammonia (20:10:0.3, by vol.) as a developing solvent. In GC/MS, fentanyl analogues, except for fentanyl and acetyl-α-methylfentanyl, could be separated on the extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) of the characteristic fragment ions of each compound. In LC/MS, fentanyl analogues could be separated on the EICs of the protonated molecule of each compound. All of the fentanyl analogues tested were identified correctly by using the combination of TLC, GC/MS and LC/MS.