著者

阿久津 守 杉江 謙一 斉藤 貢一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.75-85, 2016 (Released:2016-01-23)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 4

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In order to prove synthetic cannabinoid abuse, it is necessary to detect intact synthetic cannabinoids or their metabolites from such biological samples as urine or blood. Generally, blood is used as the biological sample because it is usually difficult to detect intact synthetic cannabinoids in urine. Furthermore, a rapid and accurate method for the detection of synthetic cannabinoids in the biological sample is required. Therefore, we examined the applicability of solid-phase dispersive extraction (SPDE)-GC/MS in the rapid detection of intact synthetic cannabinoids in blood. We chose seven synthetic cannabinoids designated as narcotics. To determine the optimum operating conditions for SPDE, we selected Oasis® HLB as the solid-phase material for pre-treatment and filled it with 10 mg into the equipment, and acetone as the eluent. The pre-treatment resulted in 80-100% recovery. Furthermore, the pre-treatment time was significantly reduced in SPDE compared to solid-phase extraction (SPE). In addition, the pre-treatment protected operators from unnecessary exposure, reduced cross-contamination of chemicals, and decreased operation complexity. The limit of detection (S/N>3) of JWH-018, JWH-122, cannabicyclohexanol (CCH), XLR-11, and AM2201 was 2.5 ng/mL, and that of JWH-073 and MAM-2201 was 5 ng/mL. The limit of quantification (S/N>10) of JWH-018, JWH-122, CCH, XLR-11, and AM2201 was 5 ng/mL, and that of JWH-073 and MAM-2201 was 10 ng/mL. The average recoveries of the seven synthetic cannabinoids from pooled serum samples spiked at 25 and 450 ng/mL were 76.9-107.4% (SD: 6.4-10.7%) and 63.1-89.6% (SD: 3.9-8.2%), respectively. (SPDE)-GC/MS was proven to be a useful method for detecting intact synthetic cannabinoids in blood.

著者

松田 駿太朗 片木 宗弘 西岡 裕 鎌田 寛恵 佐々木 啓子 志摩 典明 鎌田 徹 三木 昭宏 辰野 道昭 財津 桂 坪井 健人 土橋 均 鈴木 廣一

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.77-89, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

12 19

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Cathinone-type designer drugs are a newly-encountered drug family that has a β-ketophenethylamine skeleton. Recently, the abuse of these drugs has been increasingly common among young adults, and this has caused a serious social problem in many countries. Many of those drugs have become regulated by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, and some of them were later banned by the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act in Japan, depending on their structures. In this paper, a total of 98 standards of cathinone-type designer drugs were synthesized, and their EI-mass spectra were acquired by GC/MS, with and without trifluoroacetylation. For their free bases, a major fragment ion formed from the α-cleavage of the amine nitrogen was commonly observed. Also, a small fragment ion generated by the α-cleavage of the carbonyl group, followed by the elimination of CO was detectable. For the analogs having an N-alkyl chain longer than methyl group and/or the alkyl side-chain longer than methyl group, a characteristic ion formed from the α-cleavage of the amine nitrogen, followed by the elimination of the olefin moiety was observed. For the trifluoroacetyl derivatives, the intensity of fragment ion formed from the α-cleavage of carbonyl group significantly increased, while that of the fragment ion generated from the α-cleavage of nitrogen decreased, when compared with those of free bases. Also, the ion at m/z 110 was specifically observed for the cathinone analogs having a methylamino group. Those typical fragmentation patterns revealed by analyzing a series of analogs provide useful information for the characterization of cathinone-type designer drugs.

著者

金森 達之 桑山 健次 辻川 健治 宮口 一 岩田 祐子 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.91-101, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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The in vivo metabolism of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-isopropylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-4), new psychoactive drugs, were studied using rats. 2C-T-2 hydrochloride and 2C-T-4 hydrochloride were administered separately to male Sprague-Dawley rats via the oral route (10 mg/kg), and the urinary extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fourteen and ten metabolites for 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-4 were detected in the urinary extracts, respectively. Our results suggested that sulfoxidation, sulfone formation, S-dealkylation followed by S-methylation, N-acetylation and deamination followed by oxidation were the major metabolic pathways of 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-4 in rat.

著者

根岸 祥子 中園 裕紀子 神田 康司 辻川 健治 桑山 健次 金森 達之 岩田 祐子 宮本 和奈 糟谷 史代 井上 博之

出版者

日本法科学技術学会

雑誌

日本法科学技術学会誌 (ISSN:18801323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.111-119, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6 5

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Methylamphetamines (methylamphetamine (Me-AP) and methylmethamphetamine (Me-MA)) have three ringpositional isomers. Among them, 4-Me-AP has been controlled as a designated substance (Shitei-Yakubutsu) in Japan since November 2012. Furthermore, Me-APs are a structural isomer of methamphetamine (MA), controlled as a stimulant. Because of the increasing number of structural isomer of designer drugs encountered in forensic science laboratories, analytical differentiation of structural isomers is a significant issue. In this study, a method for differentiation of methylamphetamines using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed. DB-1ms and DB-5ms columns could not separate free bases and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives of methylamphetamines while the columns incompletely separated their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. On the other hand, the mid-polar DB-17ms column separated free bases, TFA and TMS derivatives of 6 methylamphetamines though peak shapes of the free bases were tailing. The best separation was obtained from the analysis of the TMS derivatives on DB-17ms column. The mass spectra showed a little difference between the 2-, 3-Me-AP and 4-Me-AP after TFA derivatization. Also the structural isomers of Me-AP and MA could be differentiated by their EI mass spectra. The results indicated that differentiation of regioisomeric methylamphetamines could be accomplished well by GC/MS of their TMS derivatives on the mid-polar capillary column.

著者

橋本 宣弘

出版者

公益財団法人 山階鳥類研究所

雑誌

山階鳥類学雑誌 (ISSN:13485032)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, 2007-09-30 (Released:2009-09-30)

著者

Fumiaki FUJIBE Nobuo YAMAZAKI Kenji KOBAYASHI

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.1033-1046, 2006 (Released:2007-01-22)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

43 59

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Long-term changes in the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitation in Japan were analyzed using quality checked daily precipitation data at 51 stations from 1901 to 2004. The analysis is based on ten categories defined from precipitation intensity and frequency, and some indices of heavy precipitation, such as ≥100 mm days, the annual maximum, and the top 100 cases during the 104 years. The result indicates that heavy precipitation based on these indices has increased during the 104 years. The linear trend of precipitation corresponding to the upper 10% is 2.3% per decade, and that of the number of top 100 cases is 2.6% per decade on the average over the stations. The increase is most pronounced in western Japan and in autumn, while weak, but similar signals are found in other regions and seasons as well. However, no increasing trend is found for less intense precipitation, such as ≥50 mm days and the number of top 1000 cases.Analysis was also made for 5, 11, and 31 day precipitations, and some indices of dry weather. It is found that the frequency of dry weather has increased during the 104 years. The number of days with precipitation less than 1 mm has increased in all the seasons and regions, with a trend of 0.4-0.7% per decade on the average, while the lower 1% ofcases of 31-day precipitation have doubled with a trend of 10% per decade.

著者

竹内 綱史

出版者

龍谷哲学会

雑誌

竜谷哲学論集 (ISSN:09176284)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.1-32, 2011

著者

竹内 綱史 Takeuchi Tsunafumi タケウチ ツナフミ

出版者

大阪大学大学院文学研究科哲学講座

雑誌

メタフュシカ (ISSN:13426508)

巻号頁・発行日

no.40, pp.13-26, 2009-12

著者

菊地 建至

出版者

京都大学哲学論叢刊行会

雑誌

哲学論叢 (ISSN:0914143X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.51-63, 1997

著者

福嶋 政期 粟生 馨奈子 中田 明日香 梶本 裕之

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.467-476, 2014-12-31 (Released:2017-02-01)

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Most people often experience music with accompanying emotion in every day of their lives, and the emotion sometimes become critical in determining the quality of the music experience. The goal of this paper is to enrich quality of the music experience with directly facilitating the emotion. To facilitate emotion in music, this paper presents a method that simultaneously presents sound and skin sensation to the pinna. The emotion enhancement effect of the method is evaluated in user studies, and the effect was compared between the other body parts (back, arms, fingers). The findings show that the method can enhance emotion that induces sympathetic nerve activity, and pinna is one of the most effective parts to enhance the sympathetic emotion.

著者

高月 智志子

出版者

東京家政大学

雑誌

東京家政大学研究紀要 (ISSN:0371831X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.p91-98, 1975-03

著者

下山田 真

出版者

静岡県立大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2017-04-01

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豆乳は一般的には濃縮によって粘度が上昇し、やがて流動性を失うものと考えられており、これまで濃縮についてはあまり検討されてこなかった。しかしながら濃縮のメリットを考慮すると豆乳をどこまで濃縮できるのかについて検討することは重要なことと考えられた。そこで、豆乳を減圧下にて蒸発濃縮し、粘度と濃縮度の関係を明らかにすることを試みた。本年は、国産大豆および輸入大豆を用いた2種類の市販無調整豆乳を試料とし、エバポレーターを用いて蒸発濃縮を行った。また濃縮条件として豆乳を加熱する湯浴の温度を3つに変化させて、各々の影響について解析することとした。その結果、固形分濃度の上昇とともに豆乳の粘度に指数関数的な上昇がみられた。そこで、粘度の常用対数に対してプロットし直してみると、2つの豆乳ともに粘度上昇は2本の直線で表すことが可能であった。さらにエバポレーターの湯浴温度を55℃から65℃、75℃と上昇させると低濃度側の回帰直線は温度に依存せずほぼ同様であったのに対して高濃度側の回帰直線は温度の上昇とともに上方へ移動することが分かった。つまり豆乳を濃縮した際の粘度変化は単純に指数関数的な上昇を示すのではなくて、2段階の挙動を経て変化することが明らかとなった。また品種や温度条件によって2本の回帰直線の交点の位置は影響を受けることが示された。今回用いた豆乳試料の場合、55℃の比較的低温の蒸発濃縮条件下で固形分濃度25%程度までは濃縮可能であることが分かった。

著者

正宗白鳥 著

出版者

岩波書店

巻号頁・発行日

1928

著者

三島 知剛

出版者

日本教育工学会

雑誌

日本教育工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13498290)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.107-114, 2007-05-20 (Released:2016-08-04)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6

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本研究は,教育実習の効果を検討する上で重要だと考えられる授業イメージ・教師イメージ・子どもイメージが教育実習前後でどのように変容するのかを調べることを主な目的とし,教育実習生114名を対象に実習前後で質問紙調査を実施した.その結果,(1)授業イメージは4因子が抽出され,「マンネリズム」「組み立て」が変容し,授業を肯定的,主体的に捉えるようになったことが示された.(2)教師イメージも4因子が抽出され,「リーダー」が変容し,教師の役割理解が深まることが示された.(3)子どもイメージは6因子が抽出され,「創造性・積極性」「悲観的・不信」「現実的態度」が変容し,ステレオタイプではなくポジティブ・ネガティブ両面から子どものありのままの姿を多面的に捉えるようになることが示唆された.

著者

木原 俊行 矢野 裕俊 森 久佳 廣瀬 真琴

出版者

日本カリキュラム学会

雑誌

カリキュラム研究 (ISSN:0918354X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.1-14, 2013-03-31 (Released:2017-10-17)

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The concept of "leadership" is currently regarded as one of the most important ideas for School-Based Curriculum Development (SBCD). Based on the prevailing trend of SBCD, the authors have been paying attention to the theories and practices of curriculum leadership. Besides, the authors have tried to clarify the relationships between curriculum leadership and Professional Learning Community, which is a conceptual framework of teacher development. In the research, it revealed that the teachers who play a key role of coordinating SBCD in individual schools, so called "leading teachers," have few opportunities to learn the theories on and practices for curriculum development as professionals engaged in it. In order for the teachers to cope with the problem, the authors developed a self-learning tool with which leading teachers are able to get knowledge about SBCD from a professional's perspective. It was the handbook titled "Handbook for the leading teachers in charge of School-Based Curriculum Development: to learn theories on and practices for it" (The Handbook). In Japan, teacher leaders have a great chance to demonstrate their initiative in SBCD. The Handbook is designed for them to link its contents with the practices at their own schools. The Handbook mentioned above consists of the following 7 chapters; Chapter1: Theories on and models of curriculum development Chapter2: Practical trends of curriculum development Chapter3: Excellent cases of curriculum practices in Japan Chapter4: Exercise for decision-making in the process of curriculum practices Chapter5: Reflection on the curriculum practices of your school Chapter6: Important references for curriculum development Chapter7: Recommendations for further studies on curriculum development These chapters were constructed based on the requirements as follows; 1) Leading teachers can learn both academic theories on and practices for curriculum development in balance. In addition, they can understand the theories in relation to the practices. 2) Leading teachers can learn the practices based on curriculum leadership deeply. 3) Readers (leading teachers) are provided the tool for evaluation with which they can reflect their own curriculum practices. 4) Leading teachers are encouraged to learn more and more on curriculum practices. In order to improve the handbook with the use for curriculum development in view, the authors asked 22 leading teachers for SBCD (including the persons who had the same experiences in the past) as participants to evaluate the validity of the contents and the practical usefulness and so on of The Handbook in April 2012. The authors used two kinds of method for evaluation. One is asking 4-scale rating on 4 items. They are as follows; 1. Good for learning curriculum and curriculum development deeply 2. Suitable for clarifying the actions of leading teachers for SBCD 3. Useful for grasping the state of affairs on curriculum practices in your own school 4. Helpful for understanding how to develop curriculum practices of your own school The other method is asking free comments on 5 questions about the good and bad points of The Handbook, its originalities and so forth. Judging from the respondents' evaluation, The Handbook by and large achieved its aim of providing a tool for leading teachers to learn curriculum development theoretically and practically, indicating that it satisfied the first three of the four requirements; balancing theories and practical cases, devising to deepen learning, functioning as an evaluation tool for reflection, encouraging further learning. However, the fourth requirement proved to be satisfied insufficiently. It is concluded that The Handbook contributed leading teachers' knowledge-based learning and that it did not cover their practical and reflective learning for problem-solving,(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

伊藤 和博 中川 渉 大西 隆 白井 泰治 村上 正紀

出版者

一般社団法人 溶接学会

雑誌

溶接学会全国大会講演概要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, pp.44-45, 2013

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液晶デバイスにおいて、Cu配線とガラス基板との乏しい密着性改善のため、Cu合金膜を用いた手法が試行されている。合金化によりITO膜との接触抵抗増加が懸念され、Cu(M)/ITO界面接触抵抗を低減する検討について報告する。

著者

杉江 聡

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.7, pp.412-413, 2016-07-01 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

2

著者

渡辺 恵美子

出版者

日本文学協会

雑誌

日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.30-31, 1972

著者

成田 美代 大嶽 紀子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology

雑誌

民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.101-112, 1996-05-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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The protein, sugar, and lipid concentrations were measured in 255 samples of human breast milk that were provided longitudinally by 33 women following childbirth. Longitudinal changes, the relationship among the three nutrients and the amounts of infant intake were analyzed. The protein concentration was highest in colostrum and decreased thereafter. In contrast, the sugar and lipid concentrations were at their minimums in colostrum. The protein concentration exhibited a significantly positive correlation with the lipid concentration, where as both were significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of sugar. The PFC-ratios of human breast milk were almost the same as the ratios calculated from the Recommended Dietary Allowance for the Japanese (5th Division) pertaining to the first six months postpartum, the ratio of protein in human breast milk subsequently declining. It was presumed that an infant's intake of the three nutrients and the infant's energy increased in volume each day for the first five weeks postpartum.

著者

太田 哲

出版者

多摩大学グローバルスタディーズ学部

雑誌

紀要 = Bulletin (ISSN:18838480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.135-143, 2019-03-31

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インド北東部の少数民族であるナガ系諸族の調査を行った際多くの人から第二次世界大戦時のインパール作戦における日本兵との接触についての話があった。本稿はそれらの人々の語りを記録していくプロジェクトの一部であり、その中で3 つの事例を紹介する。事例に入る前に第二次世界大戦時におけるビルマ方面の状況、インパール作戦の概要について説明し、その後ナガ居住地域におけるフィールドワークで得たナガのお年寄りの話を記す。本稿での事例はマニプル州ウクルール地区のハラン村とグリハン村において接触したし人々の語りである。