著者
仁科 雅晴 久米 雅 芳田 哲也 高井 由佳 後藤 彰彦
出版者
公益財団法人大原記念労働科学研究所
雑誌
労働科学 (ISSN:0022443X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.1, pp.1-11, 2013 (Released:2014-09-25)
参考文献数
17

伝統金属工芸におけるはんだ付に関する知見は,暗黙知と称する職人の経験に基づくコツやカンに依存する場合が多く,技能伝承のためには暗黙知を形式知化していく必要がある。そこで本研究では,旗金具製作におけるはんだ付作業の工程を作業ごとに分割した。さらに3次元動作解析と眼球運動解析を用いて,はんだ付作業における身体と眼球の運動を定量化した。旗金具の三方剣のはんだ付作業における工程は,「準備」,「仮組」「組立」「後処理」の4段階に分けられた。組立段階では,はんだのヌレ速さを視認し,はんだごての温度管理を行っていることが示唆された。はんだごてを母材とはんだの間で往復させる動作では,右MP2が視線よりも早く動き出し,視線が追いつき,追い越し,先に対象物に到達し,最後にはそれぞれ1周期における開始位置に戻っていた。(表3,図9)
出版者
首相官邸
巻号頁・発行日
vol.ドイツ,
著者
長山 知由理
出版者
日本家庭科教育学会
雑誌
日本家庭科教育学会大会・例会・セミナー研究発表要旨集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, 2012

1.序論 最初に循環器系として,神経・血管カップリングを提案したい1).神経・血管カップリングによって,循環器系から神経系を推定できる.心臓の機能を計測する方法として,ECGなどを挙げられる.肺の機能である心拍数についても,成人した健常者では目安値があるため疾病の診断などにおいて活用されている.このような心臓機能や肺機能などの循環器系は,神経系と連動していて神経パルスとECGや心拍数は同期している.神経・血管カップリングはガウス関数であり,ニューロンの活動は正規分布をしている. 神経により動くものには視覚系や聴覚系の他に,神経パルスにより行動になるので歩行機能を良く結び付ける.脊髄には,CPG(Central Pattern Generator)という生体を制御する仕組みがある.このことによって,身体全体のバランスを維持するように歩行することができる. 2.目的 神経・血管カップリングによって正規分布を描いた知覚系・運動系の成果から,脳システムに関する家庭科について検討する.このようなニューロンの活動について利用することで,生徒に情報教育に関する深い知識・理解を与えることを目指したい.   3.方法 中学校の生徒116人に対して,アンケート調査を実施することになった.生徒には,インフォームド・コンセントを実施した.質問項目は,a.衣生活のこと,b.食生活のこと,c.住生活のこと,d.消費生活のこと,e.家族のことに分類した各およそ20問の質問用紙に5段階評価で答えさせることをした.アンケート調査の結果は,各段階の人数をカウントした後にパーセント表示した.   4.結果 オレンジ色には女性が似合うのだと回答した生徒が多く見られて,既にあるジェンダーの研究とほぼ同じような結果が得られた.このことから,本研究で実施したアンケート調査は参考になる程度のサンプル数であったのだと言える.その他にも睡眠を促す色とされている緑色には,夏らしいイメージがあることが統計的に分かった. 生徒は環境,福祉,国際,安全,情報のテーマ中では,『安全』に対する興味・関心が最も高い結果であった.また別の項目では,生活に欠かせないものとして衣・食・住と水道・電気・ガスを挙げる生徒が目立った.このように『情報』や電話とインターネットに関しては,なくても困らない生徒が目立った結果であり,教育的問題を感じられた.   5.考察 水道・電気・ガスなどの住宅設備には生徒も関心を持っているようなので,是非とも情報教育の方針を取り入れたいものだ.水道・電気・ガスを最も利用するキッチンの設計では,関節可動域への配慮を欠かせないだろう2).関節可動域とは身体の動作域のことで,脳システムから推定される神経パルスなどで評価される.人体採寸などの実験・実習は,家庭科教育全般に関する実践の際に取り入れたいものだ. またインターネットによる消費電力の管理などの最新技術によって,日常生活の快適詩・利便性は拡がる.省エネ(節電・節水)は,生活に欠かせないものである水道・電気・ガスについて環境課題と関連させて指導できる可能性があるように思う.家庭科で電話やインターネットについて環境問題の観点から指導することで,アンケート調査の結果を改善していきたい.   6.結論 電話やインターネットについて,生活に不可欠でないのだと感じている生徒が目立ったことを受けて,改善させるための授業計画を練った.神経・血管カップリングの成果から,脳システムを取り入れることでペースメーカーへの理解を深められる.更に電磁波に関する課題を知らせた上で,調査結果から躍度によるキッチン設計について授業実践した.以上のことから,単なる興味を実生活で実現するために,家庭科に情報教育という方向性を与えられた.   文献 1)Buxton RB et al. Neuroimage 2004. Vol. 23, pp. 220 – pp. 233 2)AIST 人体寸法・形状データベース
著者
高林 彰
出版者
日本宇宙生物科学会
雑誌
Biological Sciences in Space (ISSN:09149201)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.1, pp.9-13, 1999 (Released:2006-02-01)
参考文献数
4

Behavioral responses and eye movements of fish during linear acceleration were reviewed. It is known that displacement of otoliths in the inner ear leads to body movements and⁄or eye movements. On the ground, the utriculus of the vestibular system is stimulated by otolith displacement caused by gravitational and inertial forces during horizontal acceleration of whole body. When the acceleration is imposed on the fish's longitudinal axis, the fish showed nose-down and nose-up posture for tailward and noseward displacement of otolith respectively. These responses were understood that the fish aligned his longitudinal body axis in a plane perpendicular to the direction of resultant force vector acting on the otoliths. When the acceleration was sideward, the fish rolled around his longitudinal body axis so that his back was tilted against the direction in which the inertial force acted on the otoliths. Linear acceleration applied to fish's longitudinal body axis evoked torsional eye movement. Direction of torsion coincided with the direction of acceleration, which compensate the change of resultant force vector produced by linear acceleration and gravity. Torsional movement of left and right eye coordinated with each other. In normal fish, both sinusoidal and rectangular acceleration of 0.1G could evoke clear eye torsion. Though the amplitude of response increased with increasing magnitude of acceleration up to 0.5 G, the torsion angle did not fully compensate the angle calculated from gravity and linear acceleration. Removal of the otolith on one side reduced the response amplitude of both eyes. The torsion angle evoked by rectangular acceleration was smaller than that evoked by sinusoidal acceleration in both normal and unilaterally labyrinthectomized fish. These results suggest that eye torsion of fish include both static and dynamic components.
著者
及川 直樹
出版者
飯田女子短期大学
雑誌
飯田女子短期大学紀要 = Bulletin of Iida Women's Junior College (ISSN:09128573)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, pp.1-25, 2015-05-27

幼児のチーム対抗のサッカー遊びにおけるルールの実態を把握し,遊びの方向性を定め,発展を支える要因を検討した.対象は,長野県内にある私立幼稚園の年長A組であった.週1回,自由遊び時間におけるサッカー遊びを参与観察した.各観察日のサッカー遊びにおいて,ルールを適用した場面など意味的にまとまりのある場面を一つの事例とし,事例間の比較検討などを行った.その結果,サッカー遊びの方向性を定め,発展を支えていたのは,幼児の 「本当のサッカー」 への志向性の高まり,ボールを扱う技術の向上とそれに伴う動きの質的変化,チーム内での仲間意識やチーム対抗の意識の高まりの3つの要因であり,これらは複合的に関連しながら遊びの発展を支えていた.以上をもとに,サッカー遊びでは,遊びの目標を損なわず,園や幼児の実態に合わせた必要最小限のルールを導入し,幼児が工夫して遊びを展開できるように援助するのが望ましいと推察された.
著者
小林 恵美子 福島 深雪
出版者
金沢大学外国語教育研究センター = Foreign Language Institute Kanazawa University
雑誌
言語文化論叢 (ISSN:13427172)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.165-188, 2010-03

General strain theory, in its most genetic form, argues that three sources of strain, including failure to achieve positively valued goals, removal of positively valued stimuli, and confrontation with negative stimuli, lead to crime and other forms of deviance. Failure to achieve positively valued goals, which has been addressed in part in traditional strain theory, consists of three subtypes that describe various ways in which goal blockage might become manifest. The first type is a disjuncture between aspirations and expectations, which results when individuals hold aspirations for a positively valued goal but do not expect to achieve it. The second type is a disjuncture between expectations and outcomes, which results when individuals expect to achieve a certain goal but do not actually achieve it. Lastly, the third type is a disjuncture between perceived just or fair outcomes and actual outcomes, which results when what actually occurs is perceived by the individual as an unfair utcome. The other two major sources of strain, which include removal of positively valued stimuli and confrontation with negative stimuli, result when individuals experience stressful life events, especially during adolescence. All three sources of strain predispose individuals to engage in crime and other forms of deviance. In the research reported here, measures of strain that closely correspond to the theoretical definitions are developed, while taking into account two recent refinements (a distinction between global and goal-specific strain and an assessment of subjective responses to stressful life events). The effects of these strains on academiccheating are then examined in a sample of Japanese college students. Results offer partial support for general strain theory. While both removal of positively valued stimuli and confrontation with negative stimuli increase the inclination to cheat, failure to achieve positively valued goals does not seem to affect the inclination to cheat among the sample of Japanese young adults.
著者
小林 恵美子
出版者
金沢大学外国語教育研究センター = Foreign Language Institute Kanazawa University
雑誌
言語文化論叢 (ISSN:13427172)
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.159-181[含 英語文要旨], 2011-03

Social control theory, which was first presented by Travis Hirschi in 1969 inCauses of Delinquency and is one of the most widely cited theories in criminology, argues that humans by nature are hedonistic and, thus, inclined to engage in any acts, including crime and other forms of deviance,in pursuit of their self-interest. The present study proposes that the fourgeneral elements identified in the theory comprise a social bond that, whenpresent, serves as a constraint against academic cheating: attachment,commitment, involvement, and belief. First,attachment refers to anemotional bond to conventional others. Students who are so attached areless inclined to commit academic cheating for fear of hurting those to whomthey are attached and/or jeopardizing their relationships with them. Forstudents, relevant attachments are those to parents, peers, and school.Attachment to, or caring about the feelings of parents has also threesubcomponents: identification with and affection toward parents, intimatecommunication, and parental supervision. Second, commitment refers tothe stakes in conformity the student has developed, such as investments ineducation and preparation for labor force participation. Students whohave made such investments, the present study argues, are inclined to avoid violation of school rules because they have more to lose by taking therisk of getting into trouble. Third, involvement is a student's investment oftime in conventional activities, time that makes the student unavailable foracademic cheating or exposure to opportunities for such misconduct. Thetheory assumes a finite amount of time available to an individual, so timespent in conventional activities reduces time available for academiccheating. Finally, belief refers to belief in the moral legitimacy of the law –the view that the law is binding on one's own behavior and has legitimacy inprohibiting one's pursuit of one's self-interest through acts of force and fraud.Students who acquire such a belief while growing up are more bonded toconventional society and, thus, less free to engage in academic cheating. Inthe research reported here, measures of social bond variables that resemble,and in many cases are identical to measures used by Hirschi, are developed.The effects of these four elements on people's experience to commitacademic cheating are then examined in a sample of Japanese collegestudents. The analysis provides rather limited support for the theory.Parental supervision and belief function as constraints that preventstudents, more or less, from engaging in acts of fraud (i.e., academiccheating) in pursuit of their self-interest, but the findings for the otherelements of social bond appear less compatible with the theory.
著者
Kajikawa Masataka Abe Tatsuki Ifuku Kentaro Furutani Ken-Ichi Yan Dongyi Okuda Tomoyo Ando Akinori Kishino Shigenobu Ogawa Jun Fukuzawa Hideya
出版者
Springer Nature
雑誌
Scientific reports (ISSN:20452322)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, 2016-11-10
被引用文献数
14

実用珪藻ツノケイソウによるリシノール酸の生産に成功. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-11-14.
著者
小野 吉昭
出版者
岡山医学会
雑誌
岡山医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00301558)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.10, pp.1821-1837, 1956-10-31 (Released:2009-03-30)
参考文献数
58

“Umayado Disease” has happened in summer especially at east area of Kagawa-ken.I have studied about. what kind of Tsutsugamushi will have increased and made peak at summer.Against this purpose, I have caught rats and collected the Tsutsugamushi living upon the rats twice a month regularly extending full 2 years up, and I have determined that a lot of Trombicula tosa has appeared and made the peak at summer usually.I think Trombicula tosa should be valuable agency to contaminate the Rickettsia orientalis at Kagawa-ken.
著者
山内 勇人 曽我 進司 河野 秀久 近藤 俊文 佐山 浩二 丹下 宜紀 藤田 繁
出版者
社団法人 日本感染症学会
雑誌
感染症学雑誌 (ISSN:03875911)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.7, pp.840-843, 1995-07-20 (Released:2011-09-07)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

We report a case of tsutsugamushi disease found in south western Shikoku. A 64-year-old male who lived in Towa Village in Kochi, developed a fever and headache on April 6, 1994, and was admitted to Uwajima City Hospital on April 15, with a ten-day history of illness. He had an eschar on the right anterior side of the breast and an enlargement of the right axillar lymph node, without a rash. Laboratory data showed mild liver injury and atypical lymphocytes with 6% in peripheral blood. After his blood was drawn for rickettsial isolation, the minocycline was administered. His symptoms improved rapidly and was discharged in good condition.We successfully isolated the causative agent, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and designated it as the Shiba strain. High antibody titer against the Kato, Karp and Gilliam strains was detected in serum on admission and increased during the course of the disease.In Shikoku, tsutsugamushi disease is rare and only 13 cases were reported during last ten years. Especially in south western district of Shikoku, there have been no case reported since 1960. This case is important epidemiologically and suggests that we should pay attention to this disease.
著者
鍛治 まどか
出版者
京都大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
京都大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13452142)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, pp.253-266, 2011-04-25

Many studies of bereavement deal with the mourning process. Through this process, the relationship is built between the bereaved and the dead. This paper focuses on what the relationship is. How can we be with the dead when we are left alive and alone? I researched what a relationship with a dead father or mother is by the "Nine-In-One Drawing Method" and interviews with two subjects as cooperators. In these interviews, I asked about their mourning processes and found them to be very individual. I asked them to draw about their dead father or mother. While they were drawing, their relationship with the deceased parent appeared. They could feel warmth, and they felt cared for in the relationship. I believe that such experiences play important roles in the mourning process, enabling them to have an individual relationship with the dead. The relationship was not realistic. But it was true in the intermediate area. Therefore, I am convinced that a relationship with the dead can take form in the intermediate area, and it should be grasped and understood in relation to the mourning process.