著者
遠山 紗矢香
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.2, pp.177-203, 2013-06-01 (Released:2014-11-28)
参考文献数
50
被引用文献数
4

In order for students to constructively interact for rebuilding their own thoughts with peers, they should hold initial understanding of a topic before starting a discussion. The initial understanding should consist of both concrete evidence and abstract summaries that can be re-related to each other in discussion. This paper analyzed the effect of scaffolding for constructing initial understandings in university. “Question-Answer Tool” (Q-A tool) was provided to help students to extract structural elements such as theme, experiment procedure, results, implications, and assertions from research findings about cognitive science for a collaborative learning called“Dynamic Jigsaw. ”Students explain research findings to each other and summarize multiple research find-ings with their colleagues in the Dynamic Jigsaw. “ReCoNote” was also provided for students. It imports the extracted elements into each student’s concept map to support making relations among the elements. We compared 19 students who were supported by the Q-A tool and ReCoNote in 2004 and 17 students who were only supported by ReCoNote in 2003 using design experiment paradigms to measure the effect of the Q-A tool. All the concept maps and three explanations about research findings per group were analyzed. The Q-A tool-supported students could describe implications and asser-tions with appropriate evidence in their concept maps. In contrast, the non-supported students could refer to evidence but not implications or assertions. Furthermore, the Q-A tool-supported students described their original advanced implications drawn from the research findings through making relations between the structural elements and their original thoughts, and prepared summaries using two of the research findings by comparing and relating the two research findings’ structural elements in constructiveinteraction with peers.
著者
白水 始 三宅 なほみ
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.3, pp.348-376, 2009-09-01
被引用文献数
6

When one starts to learn a new discipline, it is essential to understand the terminology, to the point where one can use it comfortably across many situations. This study shows some effects of collaborative reflection on such learning, or transfer. We devised a two-year curriculum of teaching cognitive science to lower-division undergraduates, including the term of “schema,” and revised it along with our four-level model of collaborative conceptual change into enriching concrete, hands-on experiences and collaborative reflection. By comparing three sets of curricula, we found that ample experience with reflection yields durable understanding and promotes students' spontaneous use of “schema” in their end-term reports or conversations. Detailed analyses of five students' use over one-and-a-half years showed that one's understanding differed from that of others, but was highly correlated with her or his own preceding understanding. These results imply that ample experience provides a “core” to start one's learning and collaborative reflection makes the diversity of such cores explicit, which propels further constructive interactions that promote each one's deeper understanding and cross-situational learning.
著者
松宮 健太 岩井 将行 中澤 仁 徳田 英幸
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告システムソフトウェアとオペレーティング・システム(OS)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2001, no.65(2001-OS-087), pp.89-96, 2001-06-28

近年情報家電や携帯端末,センサなど多様な機器がネットワークに接続可能となり始めている.また,これらの機器を利用し,ユーザの状況や好みに適応したサービスを提供する環境が実現しつつある.複数の機器を利用して物理的な環境に対してサービスを提供する場合,類似機能による競合を回避する必要がある.また,複数のサービスが提供されている環境ではユーザの好みを反映して利用する機器を選出することが重要となる.本稿ではこれらの課題を解決する機構としてUser Preference supported Architecture for device automation(UPA)を提案する.UPAでは適用環境として壁や天井などで区切られた閉じた空間を想定し,空間ごとに類似機能を持つ機器やユーザの好みを統合的に管することでアプリケーションに対して利用可能な,競合の起きない,ユーザの好みに適応した機器を提供することを実現した.
著者
日下 隆平
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
英米評論 (ISSN:09170200)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.113-138, 1994-12-20

In recent years, there has been a growing inclination to re-examine the way that Irish exiles was perceived by British contemporaries in colonial England. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between Irish exiles and British dreamers at the end of the nineteenth century. The image of Ireland in the colonial age was derived from the Elizabethan poet, Edmund Spenser. While he had distaste for the rebel Irish, he regarded the charming landscape of Ireland as an Arcadia. This Spenser's point of view was sustained by William Makepease Thakeray and Anthony Trollope. At the end of the nineteenth century, some British people used Ireland as a stage for their dreams and ideas, such as Ann Horniman and Maud Gonne. Their viewpoints were based on a kind of colonialism. It is no exaggeration to say that 'Celticism' might be approximated to 'Orientalism'. In the 1880s, a certain kind of Irish literary emigrant was advancing to prominence. Oscar Wilde, George B. Shaw and W.B. Yeats were three examples of a breed which can be traced back to middle-class Irishmen on the make, who were mainly engaged in the journalistic profession in England. They were not the average Irish emigrant. One of the typical examples was Justin McCarthy who migrated from Cork journalism into the world of Fleet Street, and afterwards became a Parnellite MP. W.B. Yeats spent his youth travelling back and forth between England and Ireland. His view of Ireland is inseparable from his emigrant status. Consequently, he could discover or re-create the image of Ireland, as seen in The Shadowy Waters. M. Gonne, who had spent her childhood in Ireland, was magnetized to the revolutionary era in Ireland. She identified Ireland's independence with her own independence. In this study, therefore, the interaction between Yeats and Gonne will be dealt with as one between an exile and a dreamer.
著者
田中 淳 前島 渉
出版者
地学団体研究会
雑誌
地球科學 (ISSN:03666611)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.5, pp.345-355, 1998-09-25
被引用文献数
1

堆積物重力流は,流下にともなってその性格を変化させ進化していく.重力流の進化には,重力流内部における物質分化と重力流の特性変化が挙げられる.重力流内部における物質分化は,混濁流や土石流内部でよく知られており,そこでは構成物が粒径や比重の差を反映して流れの側方や上下に選別されていく.ニュージーランド南島のマッドクラスト礫岩は,この重力流内部での側方級化をよく記録している.一方重力流の特性変化は,重力流の粒子支持機構そのものの変化を伴う.流れ内への水の取り込みや粗粒物質の堆積,速度の増減などがこの進化を促す.有田層のデルタスロープ堆積物には,重力流の進化のスペクトラムがよく記録されている.このように重力流は,刻々とその性格を変化させながら,進化の各段階を反映した堆積物をその途次途次に堆積し,多様で複雑な堆積物を形成する.
出版者
一般社団法人 日本肝臓学会
雑誌
肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.10, pp.578-599, 1973-10-30 (Released:2009-07-09)
被引用文献数
1
著者
吉田 ゆか子 ヨシダ ユカコ Yoshida Yukako
出版者
国立民族学博物館
雑誌
国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.1, pp.1-36, 2016

バリ島南部のパヨガン・アグン寺院に伝わる天女の舞トペン・レゴンは,ご神体の天女の面をかぶって少女が舞うもので,その歴史や神聖性のために特別な価値を置かれてきた。この演目が1980 年代に芸術祭に招待された際,寺院側は神聖な仮面の神聖さが損なわれる事を恐れ,レプリカを作成してこちらで代用した。本研究が注目するのは,このレプリカのその後である。 レプリカや模造品も,生み出されたあと,人々との関係のなかに入ってゆく。現在このレプリカは,特定の寺院祭儀礼でも用いられる。この仮面を,「代用品の仮面」と考える者も,オリジナルの「子ども」と位置づける者も,オリジナルと混同する者もいる。曖昧かつ両義的に意味づけられるこのレプリカの仮面は,天女の舞の上演に特別な魅力を付与してもいる。本論では,このレプリカの仮面が,オリジナルの仮面とは別のやり方で,天女という神格の一部を「創っている」ということも論じる。Topeng legong is a ritual dance in which masks representing celestialsare worn by little girls. This highly sacred dance has received special attentionbecause of its sacred nature, history, authenticity, and beauty.Currently, there are two sets of masks used in topeng legong. One setconsists of centuries-old masks believed to possess magical powers for protection;the other set comprises replicas. The replica masks were made whentopeng legong dancers were invited to perform in an art festival in 1988.Ketewel locals were afraid that their sacred masks might be "defiled" ifbrought to a secular context or place, so they decided to create replicas assubstitutes.At first glance, people seem to differentiate sufficiently between secularperformances and religious rites by using non-sacred masks. However, theactual situation is more complicated. Some regard the replicas as "children"of the original ones, and show respect for them. Some cannot distinguishthe replicas from the originals. The meaning and role of the replicas are thusambiguous and inconsistent.In this study, I argue that because of that ambiguous status, the replicamasks have generated unique and interesting effects on the development oftopeng legong and its original masks.
著者
林 完枝
出版者
明治学院大学文学会
雑誌
明治学院大学英米文学・英語学論叢 (ISSN:13497294)
巻号頁・発行日
no.131, pp.1-22, 2016-02

論文/Article