著者

中村 美里

出版者

酪農学園大学

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-46, 2018-03-31

著者

上野 善道

出版者

法政大学沖縄文化研究所

雑誌

琉球の方言 = 琉球の方言 (ISSN:13494090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.109-142, 2013-03-31

著者

石田 肇 下田 靖 米田 穣 内藤 裕一 長岡 朋人

出版者

北海道大学総合博物館

雑誌

北海道大学総合博物館研究報告 (ISSN:1348169X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.109-115, 2013-03

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The Okhotsk culture spread from southern Sakhalin Island to northeastern Hokkaido Island and the Kurile Islands from the 5th to the 12th centuries AD. The Okhotsk culture developed a considerable maritime infrastructure which was different from that of the native population in Hokkaido. The demographic structure of prehistoric hunter-gatherers contributes to our understanding of life history patterns of past human populations. Age-at-death distribution was estimated using the Buckberry-Chamberlain system of auricular surface aging and the Bayesian approach to discuss whether paleodemographic estimates can yield an appropriate mortality profile of the prehistoric hunter-gatherers in Japan. The age distributions of the Okhotsk revealed low proportions of young adults and high proportions of elderly adults. The results indicated 24.4-51.3% for the proportion of individuals above the age of 55 years. The newly-employed technique of the Bayesian estimation yielded age distributions with significant numbers of elderly individuals, which are contrary to usual paleodemographic estimates. Apical periodontitis, accompanied by considerable wear, was frequently seen in the upper first molars of the Okhotsk people. The bone cavities around the root of the upper first molars were probably caused by chronic apical periodontitis and radicular cyst. The bone cavity was clearly surrounded by sclerotic bone tissue diagnosed as condensing osteitis. Excessive amounts of secondary cementum were deposited on the root surface as a result of radicular granuloma. Pulp exposure through extreme wear very likely resulted in bacterial infection of dental pulp and periapical tissue. Degenerative changes in people of the Okhotsk culture were investigated using adult human skeletons and reconstructing their lifestyle. Findings were compared with materials obtained from skeletons from the medieval Kamakura period and skeletons of early-modern peasants on the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Severe osteophytes on the lumbar vertebrae were more frequently seen in the Okhotsk males. Degenerative changes of the articular process were also most frequently seen in the lumbar vertebrae of the Okhotsk skeletons. This is a significant contrasted from the high frequency of degenerative changes in the cervical apophyseal joint among Ryukyu peasants. The high prevalence of elbow and knee joint changes in the Okhotsk skeletons was a strong contrast to the high frequency of hip joint changes seen in materials from Kamakura and changes in shoulder and hip joints common in materials from Ryukyu. Because the Okhotsk culture developed a considerable maritime infrastructure, the lifestyle required for sea-mammal hunting and fishing seems to have particularly affected the incidences of severe degenerative changes in the lumbar vertebrae, elbow, and knee. Isotopic signatures in bulk collagen and some amino acids inform of significant differences in the subsistence of each group. Reconstructed diets are taken into consideration to correct the marine reservoir effects on radiocarbon dates for human remains.

著者

小山 修三 杉藤 重信 Shuzo Koyama Shigenobu Sugito

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.1-39, 1984-03-31

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This paper applies techniques of computer simulation to theanalysis of Jomon demographic patterns. The computer programsare based on the following assumptions: (1) Population grows exponentially,with the equation Nt=No*evt; (2) there is an upperlimit to population size in a given area, termed carrying capacity(K); and (3) at the level K, population growth stops. In this program,we divided Japan into nine regions, such that when populationreaches the level K, the surplus migrates to other areas, according toprobablistic models.In dealing with carrying capacity, we initially assign the constantM, a hypothetical population maximum for an area; subsequentlyM is converted to K as a consequence the impact of climate andtechnology.Pollen analysis indicates significant climatic change during theJomon Period. This was precipitated by a warming trend, whichbegan after the last glacial, and continued until about 6000 B.P.,followed by a cooling trend which lasted until about 2000 B.P.This climatic wave caused significant change in the vegetation of theJapanese archipelago. In the East during the warming trend,coniferous forests were replaced by deciduous Fagus-Quercus forests,comprised of a variety of nut-bearing trees, which constituted animportant food source for the Jomon people. However, the nutbearingtrees are sensitive and often succumb in cold weather. Basedon these facts, we assume that carrying capacity increased during thewarming trend and decreased during the cooling trend in the regionsof East Japan. In West Japan, however, Yasuda [1980] suggeststhat during the warming trend the environment deteriorated owing todry summers. So here we assume that carrying capacity declinedduring the warming trend and then remained constant.The technology of Jomon food production, including the toolelements used for hunting, fishing and gathering, are well known froman early stage in East Japan. Thus we assume that although tools musthave been refined and systematized as Eastern Jomon technologydeveloped, they were not powerful enough to influence carryingcapacity, because the system did not prevent population decline in thecooling period. By contrast, farming, the true technological innovation,introduced from the Asian continent to Kyushu, changedJomon society into an agricultural one. In this simulation we stipulatethat when rice is introduced into a region it not only doubles theratio of population growth but also increases carrying capacity(five times).The results were compared with earlier estimates [KOYAMA 1978]based on the number of sites. Both data coincide well, especiallywith respect to the population curve throughout the Jomon period.In the East this curve shows a sharp increase of population until theMiddle Phase, where a rapid decline is observed (Late Phase). Inthe West population remained almost constant throughout the entireperiod. During the Jomon, the distribution of pupolation was highin the East, whereas in the Yayoi it was high in the West—representinga complete reversal between the two periods.

著者

林 和弘 小柴 等 科学技術・学術政策研究所データ解析政策研究室

出版者

科学技術・学術政策研究所

雑誌

調査資料 (Research Material)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.324,

著者

山下 真里 Mari Yamashita

出版者

熊本大学教育学部

雑誌

熊本大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:21881871)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, pp.23-29, 2022-12-15

著者

藤本 恵子 池本 敦 FUJIMOTO Keiko IKEMOTO Atsushi

出版者

秋田大学教育文化学部

雑誌

秋田大学教育文化学部研究紀要 自然科学 (ISSN:24334960)

巻号頁・発行日

no.75, pp.1-11, 2020-03-01

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The edible wild plants were anciently important food materials as sources of nutrients such as vitamins but their utilization has been decreasing in the present day. To elucidate the utilization of edible wild plants in Akita prefecture of Japan, we performed questionary survey targeting at the inhabitants of the wide age age group. Elatostema umbellatum (“Mizu”), Osmunda japonica (Asian royal fern, "Zenmai") and Oenanthe javanica, (Java waterdropwort. “Seri”) were eaten well most. Laportea cuspidate (“Aiko”), Parasenecio hastatus (“Honna”) and Parasenecio delphiniifolius (“Shidoke”) were utilized well in Tohoku region and their rate of experiences of eating exceeded 70%. It is observed that Chenopodium album (white goosefoot, “Shiroza”) grows on the roadside in Japan, but 82.4% of the inhabitants did not know that they were edible. We also performed questionary survey in Bangladesh, where Chenopodium album is cultivated and eaten well. In our investigation, all Bangladeshi had the experiences of eating and it was used as a materials of the traditional cuisine such as sauteed vegetables, bhorta and curry. The values of Chenopodium album as foods in emergency and its availabilities as the teaching materials for safeguard against disaster were also discussed.

著者

小林 光一郎 Kobayashi Koichiro

出版者

神奈川大学日本常民文化研究所 非文字資料研究センター

雑誌

年報 非文字資料研究 (ISSN:18839169)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.305-325, 2011-03-20

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個人研究論文

著者

尾崎 俊介

出版者

愛知教育大学英語研究室

雑誌

外国語研究 (ISSN:02881861)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.39-65, 2008-03-31

著者

平岡 秀夫

出版者

北海道大学法学部

雑誌

北大法学論集 (ISSN:03855953)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.343-368, 1996-03-29

著者

五十嵐 大悟

出版者

北海道大学大学院国際広報メディア・観光学院 観光創造専攻 文化資源デザイン研究室 (コンテンツツーリズム研究会)

雑誌

コンテンツツーリズム論叢 : Collected Treatises on Contents Tourism

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.6-22, 2012-12-31

著者

田中 豊 Yutaka Tanaka

雑誌

法と政治 = The journal of law & politics (ISSN:02880709)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.1(390)-39(352), 2022-08-31

著者

矢野 敬一

出版者

静岡大学学術院教育学領域

雑誌

静岡大学教育学部研究報告. 人文・社会・自然科学篇 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University. Social and natural sciences and liberal arts series (ISSN:18843492)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, pp.39-52, 2019-12

著者

阿部 武彦

出版者

北海道大學文學部

雑誌

北海道大學文學部紀要 (ISSN:04376668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.123-135, 1964-03-18

著者

Kakui Keiichi Shimada Daisuke

出版者

Cambridge University Press

雑誌

Journal of Helminthology (ISSN:0022149X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, pp.e33, 2022

被引用文献数

7

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We report the first mermithid nematode found to be parasitic in a marine tanaidacean crustacean. Ten host tanaidaceans were collected from 52 m depth in Otsuchi Bay, Iwate, Japan, northwestern Pacific, and identified as a species in the tanaidid genus Zeuxo Templeton, 1840. Nematodes occurred in the host’s body cavity; in one case, at least two individuals inhabited a single host. We provide a brief description and illustrations of the morphology of the nematode. In a phylogenetic reconstruction based on the 18S rRNA gene, the nematode nested in a clade otherwise containing mermithids from terrestrial or freshwater hosts, showing an expansion in host utilization in Mermithidae Braun, 1883 from terrestrial/freshwater hosts to a marine organism.

著者

木山 克彦

巻号頁・発行日

pp.38-50, 2012-03-31

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新しいアイヌ史の構築 : 先史編・古代編・中世編 : 「新しいアイヌ史の構築」プロジェクト報告書2012

著者

長原 しのぶ Shinobu Nagahara

雑誌

日本文藝研究 (ISSN:02869136)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.85-101, 2003-06-10

著者

鈴木 敦真

出版者

首都大学東京

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1-74, 2014-03-25

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首都大学東京, 2014-03-25, 修士(文学)

著者

八尾坂 修

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.127-142, 1999-11-10

著者

小城 英子

出版者

関西大学大学院社会学研究科院生協議会

雑誌

関西大学大学院人間科学 : 社会学・心理学研究 (ISSN:02892472)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.41-59, 2002-09-10