著者
森川 鉄朗 西山 保子
出版者
上越教育大学
雑誌
上越教育大学研究紀要 (ISSN:09158162)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.651-659, 1997
被引用文献数
2

現行の高等学校教科書や最近の教育誌では,物質量の単位モルを個数としてあつかうとか,アボガドロ定数(測定値にすぎない)に相当する原子や分子の集団を1モルの物質量と定義している。これらは,国際単位系(SI)からみると,混乱あるいは誤解と思われる。そこで,本稿ではSIを肯定する立場で,物質量という物理量やその単位であるモルを,さらに,モルを用いる物質量の測定法などを考察し,問題点を明らかにする。それらの結果をもとに,科学教育におけるモルの新しい導入法を提案する。この導入法の特徴は,単位(モル)は基準として選ばれた物理量であるとし,さらに,物質量測定法の原理は異種の要素粒子間の一対一対応にあるとして,いろいろな物質の縦横展開図を用いる点にある。In high-school textbooks and education journals there are descriptions of the concept of mole such that the amount of substance is treated as a numerical value and such that one mole is defined by use of the Avogadro constant. It seems that such statements are confusions and/or misunderstandings from the point of view of the International System of Units (SI). This paper discusses what the amount of substance as a physical quantity is and how the amount of substance is measured in terms of the mole. We propose an arrangement of chemical symbols, called a sheet of substance, written in rows and columns, in which every elementary entity for one standard substance (i.e., carbon-12 in SI) is aligned in row form, and each elementary entity for another substance has one-to-one correspondence to the carbon-12 atom. This sheet of substance would become a useful tool for us to teach students physical quantities (mole, molar mass, Avogadro constant, Faraday constant, relative mass, etc.) and the principle of measurement of the amount of substance.
著者
白石 龍哉
出版者
金沢大学十全医学会 = The Juzen Medical Society Kanazawa University
雑誌
金沢大学十全医学会雑誌 = Journal of the J◆U00FB◆zen Medical Society (ISSN:00227226)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.118, no.1, pp.2-8, 2009-03-01
被引用文献数
1

平成21年1月9日受付,平成21年1月27日受理
著者
Yuko NAGATA Mutsuko YOSHIDA Eiji ARAKI Toshiharu GOMYO
出版者
社団法人 日本食品科学工学会
雑誌
Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.6, pp.885-891, 2012 (Released:2013-01-11)
参考文献数
35

The effects of single administration of Lactobacillus plantarum No. 14 (LP14) on human body temperature and factors related to sympathetic nerves were measured in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. LP14 significantly increased chest temperature (P < 0.05). The maximum difference in temperature between LP14 and placebo was 0.24 ± 0.24℃. Systolic blood pressure increased significantly, and arousal scores tended to increase in the LP14 group. The results of the Uchida-Kraepelin test indicated that LP14 elevated task performance. Our results demonstrated that LP14 induced thermogenesis in humans. We also examined the activity of the sympathetic nerves (SNA) innervating brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rats. The activity of BAT-SNA was significantly enhanced in the LP14 group. As LP14 changed factors associated with sympathetic nerves in humans and elevated sympathetic nerve activity in rats, sympathetic nerve activation appears to participate in thermogenesis elicited by LP14.
著者
Youngsang Ryu Hyolyun Roh
出版者
理学療法科学学会
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.7, pp.585-588, 2012 (Released:2012-09-29)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
3

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the muscle activities of the neck, trunk, and lower extremities when an unstable base of support and a stable base of support were used in bridging exercises. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 14 persons in their twenties (9 Males, 5 Females, 23.3 years old, 168.7 cm, and 70.0 kg). [Methods] The subjects performed an ordinary bridging position (stable base) and a bridging position with a dynamic ball cushion (unstable base). The muscular activities of the longissimus capitis and sternocleidomastoid in the neck, the erector spinae and rectus abdominis in the trunk, the rectus femoris and lateral hamstring in the thigh, and the tibialis anterior and lateral head of the gastrocnemius in the lower leg were measured using surface electromyography. [Results] The erector spinae, lateral hamstring and gastrocnemius activities were significantly higher on the unstable base of support than on the stable one. [Conclusion] Activity of muscle groups varies according to the stability of the base of support during bridging exercises. Therefore, conducting bridging exercises with lumbar pain patients requires a gradual change from a stable to an unstable base of support.