著者

柴田 洋孝 伊藤 裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.4, pp.805-810, 2007 (Released:2012-08-02)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

---

偽性アルドステロン症は,甘草(グリチルリチン酸)の慢性摂取により,高血圧,低カリウム血症,低レニン血症,低アルドステロン血症を呈する疾患である.腎臓の皮質集合管細胞にあるミネラルコルチコイド受容体(MR)に,アルドステロンとコルチゾールは等しい親和性で結合するが,通常,11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2によるコルチゾールからコルチゾンへの不活化により,アルドステロンが選択的にMRに結合する.グリチルリチン酸は,この酵素活性を可逆的に阻害することにより,腎臓内で上昇した内因性コルチゾールにより,MRを活性化して,Na再吸収およびK排泄が亢進するのが病態である.治療としては,原因薬物や食物の減量または中止であるが,一部の症例ではミネラルコルチコイド過剰症状が遷延することがあり,減塩,K補充,MR拮抗薬のスピロノラクトン投与などが有効である.

著者

濱田 哲 松原 雄 遠藤 修一郎 山田 幸子 家原 典之 中山 晋哉 伊丹 淳 渡辺 剛 坂井 義治 深津 敦司

出版者

一般社団法人 日本透析医学会

雑誌

日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.7, pp.541-545, 2009-06-28 (Released:2009-09-15)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

---

症例は,69歳女性で,食道癌手術目的で入院,初回血液透析終了後から発熱を生じるようになった.種々の原因検索の結果,先発医薬品(以後先発品),後発医薬品(以後後発品)両者の含めたメシル酸ナファモスタットが原因であることが分かった.詳細に臨床症状を検討した結果,両者では副作用発現様式に明らかな相違が認められた.後発品の場合,使用回数とともに発熱までの時間が短縮し,血圧低下も合併するようになった.一方,先発品に変更後は後発品と同様に発熱は認められたが,透析終了後一定時間を経過して生じるようになり,アナフィラキシー症状は認められなかった.この相違に対して可能な限りの血清学的検索を行った.DLSTでは後発品使用後116日目に陽性,先発品は128日目に陰性,以後は両者とも陰性であった.先発品でメシル酸ナファモスタットに対するIgE抗体は陰性,IgG抗体は陽性であった.後発品では抗体検索システムが確立されておらず測定不可能であった.以上の結果を総じて,透析関連性の発熱の原因としてメシル酸ナファモスタットが原因であること,先発品・後発品で明らかに発症状況に差があり,発症機序が異なっていることが示唆された.先発品ではIgGによる免疫反応が発熱の原因であると推測された.しかし後発品のアレルギー症状と免疫反応との関連が発症機序の理解に重要であると考えられたが,原因検索システムが整備されておらず解明できなかった.本症例のように,先発品,後発品両者の間で,アレルギー症状発現様式に相違があることを,詳細に分析した症例報告は検索した範囲内では認められなかった.後発品においても先発品同様副作用の原因検索システム構築が重要であることを指摘する上でも貴重な症例であると考えられた.

著者

今井 由美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.4, pp.141-145, 2011 (Released:2011-10-11)

参考文献数

40

---

近年,SARS,H5N1鳥インフルエンザ,そして2009年の新型インフルエンザ(H1N1)と,新興ウイルス感染症が社会的問題となっている.これらの新興ウイルス感染症はヒトに急性呼吸窮迫症候群(ARDS),全身性炎症反応症候群(SIRS),多臓器不全(MOF)をはじめとした非常に重篤な疾患を引き起こし,集中治療室(ICU)において救命治療が必要となる.2009年にパンデミックを引き起こした新型インフルエンザ(2009/H1N1)は弱毒型であったが,一部では重症化してARDS,心筋炎,脳炎などを引き起こした.その中には少数ではあるが,体外式膜型人工肺(ECMO)を必要とするような劇症型のものも含まれていた.一方,東南アジア,中国などを中心に拡がりをみせている強毒型のH5N1鳥インフルエンザが,次の新型インフルエンザのパンデミックを引き起こすリスクは依然として続いている.しかしながら新興ウイルス感染症が重症化して,ARDS,SIRS,MOFを引き起すメカニズムは十分解明されておらず,重症化すると決め手となる有力な治療法がない.本章では新興ウイルス感染症による呼吸不全の病態に関して,インフルエンザによるARDSの発症機構に焦点を当てて,RNAiスクリーニング,マウスモデル,ヒト検体などを用いた研究を中心に述べる.次いで,抗ウイルス薬,新しい治療薬の可能性に触れ,最後に,救命に不可欠である人工呼吸に関して,肺保護戦略の重要性に言及したい.

著者

Md. Sha Alam Nobuko Tuno

出版者

The Japan Society of Medical Entomology and Zoology

雑誌

衛生動物 (ISSN:04247086)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.25-30, 2020-03-25 (Released:2020-03-25)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5

---

Aedes albopictus has originated in Asia and expanded its range worldwide in the last 30 years. In Japan, this species occurs from the Ryukyu islands to Tohoku district, whereas its sibling species Ae. flavopictus is distributed throughout Japan including Hokkaido. On the other hand, the former mainly inhabits residential area, while the latter does natural environments such as bamboo groves and forests. To understand how they differ in habitat use, their performance was compared under various temperature regimes, i.e., constant temperatures of 22, 25 and 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime of 20–30°C (mean: 25°C). Mortality from the first instar stage to adult emergence was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at constant temperatures of 25 and 28°C. Development time was significantly longer in Ae. flavopictus than in Ae. albopictus at 28°C. The proportion of females that did not oviposit was significantly higher in Ae. flavopictus at a constant temperatures of 28°C and a fluctuating temperature regime. Thus, Ae. albopictus is at least more adapted to higher or fluctuating temperatures than Ae. flavopictus. Such difference in their temperature adaptation may be one of factors that cause their different geographic distribution and habitat use.

著者

青井 典明

出版者

日本口腔・咽頭科学会

雑誌

口腔・咽頭科 (ISSN:09175105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.1-6, 2013 (Released:2013-05-15)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4

---

扁桃周囲膿瘍は, 日常診療でしばしば経験される疾患であり, 抗菌薬の投与とともに穿刺あるいは切開排膿, 膿瘍扁摘等を行えば比較的容易に治癒する予後良好な疾患である. 一方で適切な治療を行わなければ, 気道狭窄をきたす恐れもあり, また深頸部膿瘍, 更には降下性壊死性縦隔炎や縦隔膿瘍に進展し, 命に影響を及ぼす疾患であり, 迅速かつ的確な診断と治療を必要とする. 扁桃周囲膿瘍の治療については膿瘍扁摘と比較し, 比較的安全に行うことができる手技として穿刺排膿と切開排膿がある. しかしながら穿刺排膿あるいは穿刺排膿ができなくとも, 抗菌薬およびステロイド等による保存的加療のみで改善する症例もあれば, 増悪して深頸部膿瘍に至る症例もある. 本稿では扁桃周囲膿瘍に対する穿刺排膿あるいは切開排膿のそれぞれの特徴, その限界について文献的考察を含め検討したい.

著者

北条 伸克 井島 勇祐 杉山 弘晃 宮崎 昇 川西 隆仁 柏野 邦夫

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.A-J81_1-17, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

46

---

This paper aims at improving naturalness of synthesized speech generated by a text-to-speech (TTS) systemwithin a spoken dialogue system with respect to “how natural the system’s intention is perceived via the synthesizedspeech”. We call this measure “illocutionary act naturalness” in this paper. To achieve this aim, we propose toutilize dialogue-act (DA) information as an auxiliary feature for a deep neural network (DNN)-based speech synthesissystem. First, we construct a speech database with DA tags. Second, we build the proposed DNN-based speechsynthesis system based on the database. Then, we evaluate the proposed method by comparing its performance withtwo conventional hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech synthesis systems, namely, the style-mixed modelingmethod and the style adaptation method. The objective evaluation results show that the proposed method overwhelmsthe style-mixed modeling method in the accuracy of reproduction of global prosodic characteristics of dialogue-acts.They also reveal that the proposed method overwhelms the style adaptation method in the accuracy of reproduction of sentence final tone characteristics of dialogue-acts. The subjective evaluation results also show that the proposed method improves the illocutionary act naturalness compared with the two conventional methods.

著者

稲垣 善之 舘野 隆之輔

出版者

日本森林学会

雑誌

森林科学 (ISSN:09171908)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.7-9, 2016 (Released:2017-02-20)

出版者

順天堂医学会

雑誌

順天堂医学 (ISSN:00226769)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.M22, no.55, pp.330-332, 1889-04-15 (Released:2015-06-18)

著者

UMEZAWA Taku ANDREWS Stephen J. SAITO Takuya

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-007, (Released:2019-11-10)

被引用文献数

1

---

Although methane plays an important role in climate change and atmospheric chemistry, its global budget remains quantitatively uncertain due mainly to a wide variety of source types. The stable carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric methane (δ13C-CH4) is useful for separating contributions of different source categories, but due to the complex and laborious analysis, limited measurement data exists. We present a new system for δ13C-CH4 measurement, optimized for the automated analysis of air samples. Although the system is designed in principle similarly to those in previous studies, we successfully set up the system with no use of cryogens (e.g. liquid nitrogen) and attained reproducibility sufficient to analyze atmospheric variations (∼ 0.1 ‰). We performed automated continuous measurements of ambient air outside our laboratory at about hourly intervals for 2 months, which characterized imprint of local methane sources well. Future measurement operation for flask air samples from existing atmospheric monitoring programs will provide a large number of atmospheric δ13C-CH4 data.

著者

HA Kyung-Ja YEO Ji-Hye SEO Ye-Won CHUNG Eui-Seok MOON Ja-Yeon FENG Xuelei LEE Yang-Won HO Chang-Hoi

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-009, (Released:2019-11-16)

被引用文献数

16

---

In 2018, heatwaves (HWs), which are defined as period of abnormally hot weather with the daily maximum temperature (T_Max) exceeding its 95th percentile threshold for at least three consecutive days, were prevalent during June to August, and temperature records were broken in many countries over East Asia (EA) including China (CH), Japan (JP), and the Korean Peninsula (KP). In particular, extreme HWs through July to August lasted for the longest duration with 21.3 days with T_Max reaching 36.9°C. The highest T_Max, recorded since 1907, exceeded to 41°C in Hongcheon, located east of Seoul in the KP. Here, we examine the factors that influenced the 2018 HW, and how these relate to the 1994 HW, which was second longest HW recorded in the KP. The results show that abnormally strong and northwestward extended anticyclone features observed in July 2018 lasted as a persistent North Pacific anticyclone anomaly until August 2018 centered at the northern KP. These anticyclone features subsequently formed as a modon-like blocking with a cyclonic anomaly in the East China Sea. Meanwhile, in August 1994, the North Pacific High (NPH) extended to eastern EA, which broked the meridional dipole structure and HWs do not persist. The NPH, which persisted till August 2018, was accompanied by a sinking motion, suppression of precipitation, anomalous maximum temperature, weakening of the westerly jet stream, and increased insolation due to clear sky. We find that the prolonged and northwestward-shifted NPH including the KP drove the extraordinarily hot 2018 summer in Korea. In addition, low precipitation and massive evapotranspiration with the persistent insolation in July 2018 influenced the dry condition at the surface. We suggest that the predictions for the location and duration of the NPH associated with the HWs are required to reduce heat-related mortality and the impact on agriculture due to excessive evapotranspiration.

著者

Sachiko Ono Yosuke Ono Daisuke Koide Hideo Yasunaga

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.116-120, 2020-03-05 (Released:2020-03-05)

参考文献数

19

---

Background: Guidelines recommend against all codeine use in children for its common indications of analgesia and cough suppression because of uncertain benefits and potential risk of death. However, because of its rarity, the occurrence of severe respiratory depression associated with codeine-containing antitussives has been poorly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between codeine-containing antitussives and severe respiratory depression in children.Methods: We retrospectively identified Japanese children who were prescribed antitussives for respiratory diseases from a large Japanese administrative claims database (JMDC, Tokyo, Japan). We collected data on baseline characteristics including age, sex, and comorbidity. Each case was matched with four controls with the same sex and age in the same year from the same type of medical institution. We then examined the association between codeine-containing antitussives and subsequent severe respiratory depression using multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis.Results: Of 164,047 children, 18,210 (11.1%) were prescribed codeine-containing antitussives. Of the children who took codeine-containing drugs, seven experienced severe respiratory depression. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no significant difference in the proportion of severe respiratory depression between children with and without codeine-containing antitussives (odds ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–2.78).Conclusion: Occurrence of respiratory depression was very rare, and the association of codeine with respiratory depression was insignificant, even in a large sample of children in Japan.

著者

Hiromi Shinano Sakiko Miyazaki Kayo Miura Hiroshi Ohtsu Naohiro Yonemoto Kiyoshi Matsuoka Hakuou Konishi Hiroyuki Daida Mitsue Saito Kazuhiro Sase

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CR-19-0119, (Released:2020-03-24)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2

---

Background:The prognosis of cancer survivors has dramatically improved, but effective strategies for cancer treatment-related cardiovascular disorders (CTRCD) remain to be elucidated in the emerging field of cardio-oncology. In this study, we investigated risk factors for CTRCD in breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab.Methods and Results:We performed a retrospective analysis of 141 consecutive women who received adjuvant trastuzumab, and underwent baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU) echocardiography at Juntendo University between April 2010 and December 2016. The major concomitant treatment was anthracyclines in 94% and radiotherapy in 53%. During the median treatment period of 11 months, there were 22 (15.6%) cardiology consultations, 3 (2.1%) treatment interruptions with irreversible CTRCD, and no deaths. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was decreased from a median 67.5% (BL) to 63.4% (FU; P<0.0001), with reduced LVEF noted in 26.2% at FU<90%BL, in 13.5% at FU<BL–10%, and in 5.7% at LVEFFU<53%. A significantly greater percentage of patients with CTRCD (FU<BL–10% and LVEFFU<53%) had cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF; 42.9% vs. 8.2%, P=0.02). On multivariable analysis, CVRF were also significantly associated with CTRCD (OR, 11.96; 95% CI: 1.30–110.34).Conclusions:Adjuvant trastuzumab for early-stage breast cancer was associated with reduced LVEF; and CVRF were an independent predictor for CTRCD. The concomitant effect of anthracyclines should not be underestimated, even at lower doses.

著者

長谷川 裕之 小白井 亮一 佐藤 浩 飯泉 章子

出版者

Japan Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

雑誌

写真測量とリモートセンシング (ISSN:02855844)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.23-36, 2005-07-01 (Released:2010-03-19)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This paper introduces a method for colourizing the black and white (B/W) air photos by transferring colour information from another colour air photos that capture the same vegetations at the same season. Air photos taken by U.S. Air Force just after WWII were the first ones that cover whole Japan. As they are available only in B/W, the imagery has not been fully utilized.In our method, land cover was roughly categorized on a B/W image, whereas colour information for each category was taken from colour source images. Then colour information and original intensity information of the B/W image were combined in the HSI colour space.A questionnaire on photo interpretation experts revealed that the proposed method worked well for the photos. Additionally, rough categorization was enough for the method and the colourized photos might improve interpretation efficiency. The colourized images should be used for various purposes such as 3D landscape visualisation.

著者

横田 雅子 家根 旦有 宮原 裕 松永 喬

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科展望会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科展望 (ISSN:03869687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.6, pp.653-658, 1991-12-15 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

13

---

我々は1985年1月より1989年12月までに当科で診療した味覚障害患者, 男性55例, 女性56例, 計111例について統計的観察を試みた。重症度や治療は原因と関係が深く, その原因は口腔内病変, 頭部外傷, 感冒罹患後, 伝導路障害, 全身性, 嗅覚性, 薬剤性, 心因性, 脳血管障害, 原因不明である。この中で, 伝導路障害が最も多く (27%), 口腔内病変, 原因不明と続く。原因別の電気味覚閾値は, 頭部外傷と薬剤性で高く, 全身疾患や心因性では低い。電気味覚閾値と濾紙味覚閾値は比較的良好な正の相関を示し, 特に鼓索神経支配領域で相関性が高い。また亜鉛欠乏が検査し得た症例の60%以上で見られた。ZnSO4で治療した9例中8例で改善した。

出版者

日本オーストリア文学会

雑誌

オーストリア文学 (ISSN:09123539)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.11-19, 2017 (Released:2018-03-30)

---

第二次世界大戦終結から70年が過ぎ、同時代文学の担い手の中心は、戦争とホロコーストの体験者から、彼らの子・孫の世代に移りつつある。C・カドゥフとU・ フェダーらが「戦後文学の終わり?」(2)と掲げるように、戦争との関わり方が大きく異なる複数の世代を前にして、「戦後」文学というくくりはもはや必ずしも有効ではない。「『自身では経験していない(ohne eigene Erfahrung)』若い世代の文学がナチズムとホロコーストに取り組む際の固有な諸条件」(3)を明ら かにすること、またそれらの条件に方向づけられる語りの新たな枠組みや方法を探ることは、現代のドイツ語圏文学・文化研究における中心的な課題の一つとなっている。 「自身では経験していない」災厄についてどのように語りうるか、という問いの射程は、過去の記憶の保持・継承といった観点だけでなく、同時代の、場合によってはほぼリアルタイムで「経験」しうる災厄にも及ぶ。メディア技術の発達した今日、戦争やテロ、自然災害など、地理的には隔たった地の出来事であっても、情報を得たりリアクションを発信したりすることはますます容易になっており、その際の言葉の多くは「自身では経験していない」立場からのものとなる。 二〇一一年三月に発生した東日本大震災の際にも、国の内外から多くの反応が寄せられたが、エルフリーデ・イェリネクの演劇『光のない』Kein Licht(二〇一一)もまた、震災と原発事故に対する遠隔地からの応答の一つである。本論ではこのテクストを例に、「自身では経験していない」災厄について語る方途の諸相について考察する。

著者

苅山 靖 渡来 真人 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.755-770, 2014 (Released:2014-12-20)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1 4

---

This study aimed to clarify the importance of strength and jump ability of both the kicking and supporting legs for increasing the speed of a soccer ball during instep kicks at various approach speeds. Twelve male university soccer players performed instep kicks using different approach lengths (1 m, 3 m, 7 m, and free length). Maximal isokinetic and concentric muscular strength was measured in terms of knee extension/flexion, hip extension/flexion, and hip abduction/adduction using an isokinetic dynamometer. Jump ability was measured using countermovement jump, double-leg rebound jump, and single-leg rebound jump with the kicking leg and supporting leg. For the instep kick, kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using the Vicon T20 system (250 Hz) and force platforms (1000 Hz). The results of the analyses were as follows:   1.  The approach speed increased as the approach length increased. Moreover, the time between the moment when the foot touched the ground and the moment of ball impact became shortened, and the ground reaction force at all axes increased as the approach speed increased.   2.  Foot speed under all the approach conditions was correlated with hip extension and the abduction strength of the supporting leg.   3.  Foot speed for the 3 m, 7 m, and free-length conditions was correlated with the rebound jump ability of the supporting leg. Moreover, foot speeds for the 3 m, 7 m, and free-length conditions was correlated with hip adduction strength of the supporting leg.   4.  Similar results were obtained for relative foot speed (calculated by dividing foot speed by the speed of the body's center of gravity at the moment of ball impact).   5.  The rate of change in the relative foot velocity (for an approach of 1 m to 7 m) was correlated with the rebound jump ability of the supporting leg.   These results suggest that it is important to improve hip extension and the abduction strength of the supporting leg in order to increase the ball speed, regardless of the approach speed. In addition, it is important to improve the hip adduction strength, especially the rebound jump ability of the supporting leg in order to increase the ball speed when a high approach speed is employed.

著者

小川 雄一

出版者

農業食料工学会

雑誌

農業食料工学会誌 (ISSN:2188224X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.112-116, 2014-03-01 (Released:2017-03-27)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

著者

小野 将史 北野 隆

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.576, pp.157-162, 2004-02-28 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

15

---

This is a study on the repair of Kumamoto Castle by Kato Tadahiro (Kumamoto Castle Lord) for twenty years from 1612 to 1632 by studying the darwing "Higo-kumamotojoTyakuzu" in the Monjokan of Yamagutiken and "Kumamoto-yasikiwari-sitaezu" in the Library of Kumamotoken, the writing "Higo-uto-gunki" in the Li- brary of Utosi and the drawing "Utojo-zu" in "Higo-uto-gunki". The results are as follows; 1. Kato Tadahiro repaired the composition of Kumamoto Castle from for easts to west for three years from June, 1612 to June, 1615. 2. Kato Tadahiro moved Utojo-Tenshu from Uto Castle and made it Kumemotojo-Kotenshu in Kumamoto Castle for three years from June, 1612 to June, 1615. 3. The cause which Kato Tadahiro was confiscated Higo-koku was because he repaired Kumamoto Castle.

著者

橋井 一雄

出版者

JAPAN TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY

雑誌

紙パ技協誌 (ISSN:0022815X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.538-550, 1985-06-01 (Released:2009-11-16)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

---

This article relates to some technical aspects of oxygen application and handling safety based on the fundamental chemical and phisical properties, phsiolosical effect, analytical procedures, production processes, and shipment to a customer.

著者

兵頭 晋

出版者

日本比較内分泌学会

雑誌

日本比較内分泌学会ニュース (ISSN:09139044)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2003, no.111, pp.111_48-111_51, 2003 (Released:2003-12-23)

参考文献数

5