著者
石川 敦雄 西田 恵 渡部 幹 山川 義徳 乾 敏郎 楠見 孝
出版者
日本環境心理学会
雑誌
環境心理学研究 (ISSN:21891427)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.1, pp.1-14, 2016 (Released:2017-05-08)
参考文献数
49

室内空間の多くは社会的な相互作用のための場であり,より良い対人関係・行動に配慮した室内空間が期待されている。本研究の主な目的は,一般的な水準の広さや明るさ等の室内空間の物理的要因が印象形成に影響を及ぼすかどうかを検証することである。実験1の156名,実験2の364名の社会人は,室内空間CGと人物の合成画像を見て対人印象と対人関係への期待を評価した。次に,室内空間CGを見て広さ,明るさ等の物理的要因と感情的要因を評価した。実験1および実験2の結果に基づくパス解析により,室内空間の「広々した」印象が対人印象「共同性」因子に影響し,その「共同性」因子が対人関係の期待に影響することが示唆された。これらの実験結果は,日常的な空間としてデザインされる物理的要因が印象形成に影響を及ぼすことを示している。
著者
影山 友章
出版者
一般社団法人 日本デザイン学会
雑誌
デザイン学研究 (ISSN:09108173)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.4, pp.4_1-4_6, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-04-26)
参考文献数
14

“手間や労力がかからない製品やサービスの方が優れている”とされる,従来の価値観とは異なる,「不便益」という考え方が近年注目されている。一方,不便益を備えた物事を生み出すための方法論は,まだ未完成であると言える。本研究の目的は,「不便益を備えた製品やサービスを生み出すための方法論」を構築することである。そして,その目的を達成するために,新たなデザイン指標の仮説として「製品の使用過程における“余白”」を提案する。これは,製品やサービスを使用する際に,ユーザーの行動や意思がどれだけ介在できるのかを示したデザイン指標である。本研究では,その指標を実際のデザインプロセスの中で活用できるようにするために,概念の整理,細分化を行なった。そして,プロダクトデザインを専攻する大学生のデザイン実践に,整理された余白の概念を取り入れることで,そのアプローチの有効性の確認を試みた。結果,不便益を備えたいくつかのデザインアイデアを生み出すことができ,理論構築の足掛かりを築くことができた。
著者
Abeer E. DIEF Doaa M. SAMY Fatma I. DOWEDAR
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.1, pp.1-7, 2015 (Released:2015-05-21)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
18 23

Chronic stress affects brain areas involved in learning and emotional responses through modulation of neurotropic factors or neurotransmitters. Therefore, we investigated the role of exercise and thiamine supplementation on spatial memory and on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acetylcholine (Ach) content in the hippocampus of the stressed animals. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (8 rats/group): control group; stress group; swimming and stress group; and thiamine and stress group. All animals were assessed by a T maze for spatial memory or open field test for locomotion and anxiety. BDNF and Ach were estimated in the hippocampus. Chronic immobilization stress resulted in a significant decrease in BDNF and Ach levels in the hippocampus and impairment in spatial memory functions and decreased basal activity. However, either swimming training or thiamine intake for 30 d was proved to induce a significant increase both in BDNF and Ach in conjunction with improved performance in the T maze, marked anxiolytic effect and enhanced ambulation in the open field test, as compared to the stress group. Interestingly, swimming-exercised rats showed significantly higher levels of BDNF versus thiamine-receiving rats, while thiamine-receiving rats showed higher locomotor activity and less freezing behavior in the open field test compared to the swimming group. It was concluded that decreased BDNF and Ach after stress exposure could be a mechanism for the deleterious actions of stress on memory function; swimming exercise or vitamin B1 supplementation for 30 d was a protective tool to improve coping with chronic stress by modulating BDNF and Ach content along with enhancement of memory functions and motor activities.
著者
池上 甲一
出版者
国際開発学会
雑誌
国際開発研究 (ISSN:13423045)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.1-17, 2019-06-30 (Released:2019-07-20)
参考文献数
53
被引用文献数
1

This special issue aims at criticizing conventional development studies, focusing agriculture and rural communities. The United Nations adopted the resolution of ‘the UN Decade of Family Farming (2019-2018)’ in 2017, which was followed by ‘UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas’ in 2018. International communities are changing their notion on peasants or family farms. SDGs also highlight the role of them. Conventional development studies should be reviewed on the context of such change of international communities. This special issue includes four papers by Ikegami, Hiraga & Hisano, Yamane & Ito, and Nishikawa.This paper summarizes major trends in development studies and development aids in agriculture and rural areas. In particular, it explains how peasants and family farms have been placed until now, taking the Eastern and the Southern parts of Africa into consideration, which are facing poverty and food insecurity. Mainstream of agricultural and rural development studies have regarded peasants or family farms are out of date and are to overcome because of low productivity. On the contrary, this paper proposes that it is necessary for development studies to change conventional notion and to recognize them as actors for development of their own initiative.
著者
Yaokun Li Yanyan Kang
出版者
Meteorological Society of Japan
雑誌
SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.76-80, 2022 (Released:2022-04-25)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
2

The energy dispersion process of westward propagating Rossby waves in tropical easterlies are investigated in the linear nondivergent barotropic atmosphere. The variations in wave energy and amplitude along energy dispersion paths are calculated by solving the wave action conservation equation. The results suggest that a westward marching ray can form a cycle-like path near the turning latitude that is located in easterlies. Waves with shorter periods propagate between two turning latitudes, which are located in either the easterlies or westerlies and have the largest meridional propagation range. Waves with longer periods propagate between a turning latitude in westerlies and a critical latitude in easterlies. Both wave energy and amplitude can simultaneously increase to their maximum values at the turning latitudes that are located in easterlies. This implies that waves may develop significantly. Wave energy and amplitude do not always have an in-phase variation when the ray moves toward the turning latitude that is located in westerlies. The oscillating ranges of wave energy and amplitude are also limited. In this case, waves may not develop significantly.
著者
佐藤 真央 長嶋 祐成 日比野 友亮
出版者
一般社団法人 日本魚類学会
雑誌
魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.21-039, (Released:2022-04-28)
参考文献数
30

A specimen (39.1 mm standard length) of the genus Ostorhinchus Lacepède, 1802, collected from Ishigaki-jima Island, the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan, was identified as Ostorhinchus hartzfeldii (Bleeker, 1852). The specimen showed characteristic coloration of the species, including the following features: four slightly wavy longitudinal silver lines on the head and body, the dorsalmost running along the dorsal body margin to the caudal fin base, and the others terminating on the trunk or caudal peduncle; the entire body base color brown; all fins slightly reddish, transparent; a dark spot on the caudal fin base, of similar size to the pupil. Ostorhinchus hartzfeldii is similar to Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay, 1881), Ostorhinchus nigrofasciatus (Lachner, 1953), and Ostorhinchus taeniophorus (Regan, 1908), but differs from them by having only the dorsalmost longitudinal silver line reaching the caudal fin base (vs. three or four lines reaching the fin base in the other three species) and absence of a longitudinal silver line on the ventrolateral aspect of the trunk (vs. present). Ostorhinchus hartzfeldii is distributed in the western Pacific, from the South China Sea to Australia, but had not previously been recorded from Japanese waters. A photographic record of the species from Ishigaki-jima Island is also included. The new standard Japanese name “Sazanami-ishimochi” is proposed, a reference to the slightly wavy silver lines that disappear with growth, based on the specimen collected from Ishigaki-jima Island.
著者
関根 征士
出版者
一般社団法人 照明学会
雑誌
照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.2, pp.57-65, 1995-02-01 (Released:2011-07-19)
参考文献数
20

Daylight is composed of direct sunlight and skylight. Skylight is direct sunlight and light reflected from the earth's surface that have been scattered by the atmosphere and clouds. The correlated color temperature (CCT) of daylight varies hourly, and the CCT of skylight varies extensively due to changes in the spectral alvedo of the earth's surface, the solar altitude and the angular distance from the sun to a sky component, the atmospheric transmittance of visible radiation and the amount of cloud. This paper discusses causes of variations and local differences of skylight CCT and proposes a formula for skylight CCT as a function of cloud amount.
著者
中西 美保 岸田 友紀 田上 真次 馬場 孝輔 萩原 圭祐
出版者
一般社団法人 日本東洋医学会
雑誌
日本東洋医学雑誌 (ISSN:02874857)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.4, pp.352-357, 2017 (Released:2018-02-07)
参考文献数
21

妄想型統合失調症の治療中に出現した,無為,自閉,倦怠感,抑うつ等の陰性症状に対して,加味逍遥散と補中益気湯が奏功した症例を経験した。陰性症状に対する治療は,薬物療法や心理社会的療法の有効性が示されつつあるが,これらの治療に抵抗性を示す症例も多い。統合失調症に対する漢方薬治療は,従来の陽性症状に対する補助的治療に留まらず,陰性症状にも幅広く有用な治療であると考えられた。