著者
板垣 哲夫
出版者
公益財団法人 史学会
雑誌
史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.86, no.11, pp.1597-1628,1689-, 1977

By examining with whom and how frequently Okubo Toshimichi met with different people during the December 1867 (Keio 3)-March 1877 (Meiji 10) period, the author has come to the following conclusions about Okubo's political relationships. First, his political relations with court nobles and feudal lords (daimyo) who had held high places in the traditional hierarchy of status and authority, including Iwakura Tomomi and Sanjo Sanetomi, became gradually estranged. The decline of the influence of nobles and feudal lords in politics and the contrasting rise of Okubo's influence can be regarded as causes of that trend. Second, Okubo's relations with those who came from the same Kagoshima clan were very intimate throughout this period. After around January 1876, however, he came to rely slightly less on these relations, because with his rise in politics it became more and more possible for him to win over competent officials directly without using intermediaries based on factional ties. Third, those who came from the Yamaguchi, Saga and Kochi clans worked in cooperation with Okubo during the period of the Boshin Wars. After the Boshin Wars antagonism between Okubo and Kido Takayoshi increased. At the same time opposition to the government led by these two men increased from those outside the government. Many men from these three clans played important roles in this arena of political rivalry, and it seems that the inclination towards supporting Okubo was comparatively strong among those from Saga compared to the other two clans. As his relations with the Kido group improved from around December 1870 and the centralization of the government increased, the number of officials from the three clans who attempted to secure closer relations with Okubo increased gradually. However, this trend was also influenced by Okubo's rivalry with the Kido group, the Saigo group and others in the government. Especially after the debate on the expedition to Korea, the status of Okubo rose while the strength of those who had opposed him declined and officials from the three clans tried to consolidate their relations with Okubo. Fourth, clans other than Kagoshima, except for the above-mentioned three, had relatively few persons of importance in the government. Few from such clans played important roles in the political rivalries after the Boshin Wars to 1871. On the whole the relationships between Okubo and those from such clans were not intimate. But as his political status rose rapidly after the expedition to Korea debate, many of them developed closer relationships with him as officials in the middle rank. Fifth, those who had intimate political relations with Okubo shifted, from those who held a high rank in pre-Restoration organizations to those in lower ranks.
著者
井ヶ田 良治
出版者
同志社大学
雑誌
社会科学 (ISSN:04196759)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.76, pp.31-52, 2006

黒住教は江戸時代後期に黒住宗忠(1780-1850)によって岡山で組織された神道系の民衆宗教である。宗忠は自己の全生命と太陽神天照大神が合一する神秘体験から、神人不二の妙理を悟り、天照大神を万物の根源年、人間すべて平等に神の子であるとする現世利益の教説を説いた。彼の死後、弟子の努力で宗忠にたいし吉田神社より大明神号をうけることができた。黒住教は岡山藩内から次第に教線をひろげたが、その布教は丹後田辺藩領にもひろがっていた。その実態を田辺牧野家領の裁判記録を通じて明らかにすることができる。民衆の歴史史料として、裁判記録の利用がいかに有効であるかを実験してみた。記録自身は為政者の手になるもきてはあるが、そこに反映されているのは、吟味を受けた領民の信仰の姿である。それを通じて江戸後期の民衆の精神活動と行動がいかに活発てあったか,その行動範囲がいかに広かったかをしることができた。また、信仰を通じて血縁・経済活動などの民衆のネットが存在したことや、村を追放された罪人が父母や家族への孝養・介護の為に御構い場所にたちかえっている実態なども明らかになった。丹後田辺藩は他藩と比べて、異常なまでに他国からの宗教者の入国を拒否した藩であるが、その田辺藩にあってさえ、領民の新興民衆宗教への受容熱我根強かったことは驚くほどである。以上のように、裁判記録は民衆史の史料として大いに役立つことがあきらかである。The Kurozumikyo was a Shinto-oriented religious sect, founded by Kurozumi Munetada in Okayama. He went through on a mysterious experience, in which all his life was united with Amaterasu-omikami as God of the Sun. So he preached that God and human-being are one, and that Amaterasu-omikami is the root of creation all, and all human-being are chldren of God equally, and can enjoy happiness of this world. After his death he was receipt dignity of God by Yoshida shrine in Kyoto. The Kurozumikyo were expanding out round of Okayama, reached into Tango-Tanabe clan. I look at the mission of the Kurozumikyo in Tango-Tanabe clan through some legal records of the clan governmental office.
著者
川谷 茂樹
出版者
Japanese Association for the Contemporary and Applied Philosophy (JACAP)
雑誌
Contemporary and Applied Philosophy (ISSN:18834329)
巻号頁・発行日
no.4, pp.65-78, 2012-11-26

The aim of this paper is to reconsider the relation between victory or defeat in a contest or a game of sport and athletic superiority of the participants and to make clear the implication that the former decides the latter. In his noted essay related to the same topic, Nicholas Dixon regards victory or winning as "an operational definition" of athletic superiority of an athlete or a team. Our examination of his argument clarifies the point that it would bring about a kind of skepticism with respect to any decision of athletic superiority by winning of contest. This kind of skepticism results in the failure to decide that any winner is superior and its practical effect to our ordinary concept of sport would obviously be very destructive. If we are to avoid such kind of skepticism and such conclusion, then we must think that the particular contest of sport creatively decides athletic superiority of an athlete or a team. Athletic superiority of an athlete or a team wouldn't exist preceding a contest or independently of it as such, but be generated through it for the first time. When victory or defeat in a contest is determined legitimately or according to the rules of the game, therefore, we must admit that athletic superiority of the participants in it could be decided legitimately as well, that is, "the winner is superior". The ethos of sport, in other words, the intrinsic goal of sport can be thought as "the decision of athletic superiority in terms of victory or defeat" and it could have the four different following decisions, though partially implicitly: 1/the decision that it is precisely through victory or defeat of a contest that athletic superiority of the participants could be decided, 2/the decision how victory and defeat of a game are to be decided (the decision of the rules of the game), 3/the determination of winning and losing in terms of the rules, 4/the decision which player or team is superior.
著者
橋本 牧子
出版者
広島大学
雑誌
広島大学大学院教育学研究科紀要. 第二部, 文化教育開発関連領域 (ISSN:13465554)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, pp.247-256, 2003-03-28

When various opinions about history spread in the 1990s, Haruki Murakami also published Nejimakidori Chronicle on the theme of history in 1995. He wasn't going to face history as a writer until he wrote this novel. How does Murakami picture history as a contemporary writer of today in his novel? In this paper, I will consider Murakami's narrative of history in Nejimakidori Chronicle referring to other various opinions about history today. In order to clarify what Murakami's narrative of history is, I will study the meaning of ""Nejimakidori"" used as the keyword of this novel and the structure of narration of the text.
著者
中尾 友紀
出版者
一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会
雑誌
社会福祉学 (ISSN:09110232)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.1, pp.32-45, 2008-05-31

本論文の目的は,1941(昭和16)年に公布された労働者年金保険法に結実した老齢・廃疾・死亡に対する保険,すなわち「長期保険」に関する議論を,それが開始された1880年代にさかのぼって把握し,同法をその歴史的系譜に位置づけて再評価することから,同法に意図された社会保険としての本来的な意味を検討することにある.本論文では,同法以外に政府管掌の「長期保険」として同法立法以前に逓信省で立法された任意保険である簡易生命保険法および郵便年金法を取り上げ,特に適用範囲の制限方法および国庫負担に関する官僚らの議論に着目した.それらを分析した結果,戦前期日本の「長期保険」構想は階層別にあったこと,官僚らは社会保険としての「長期保険」について,あくまで「少額所得者」のみを適用範囲に検討したこと,そのうえで,労働者年金保険法に「少額所得者」である工場労働者を保護するための防貧政策としての性格を強く内包したことが明らかとなった.
著者
熊本 悦明
雑誌
日本心療内科学会誌 (ISSN:13429558)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.110-121, 2009-05-20
参考文献数
5
著者
津曲 陽子 山口 裕幸 Tsumagari Yoko Yamaguchi Hiroyuki
出版者
九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院
雑誌
九州大学心理学研究 : 九州大学大学院人間環境学研究院紀要 (ISSN:13453904)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, pp.9-17, 2013

This article proposed a psychological mechanism for improving future work motivation by reflecting on past experiences. Previous studies have claimed that future motivation is maintained by present self-affirmation and a future ideal, and have overlooked the effect of reflecting on past experiences. Rather, it has been claimed that reflecting on past experiences leads to overconfidence or anxiety, and impairs future motivation. In contrast, this article points out that people can maintain motivation through (1) imagining clearly their future ideal selves (setting goals), (2) reflecting on past experiences related to the ideal, and (3) acquiring lessons from the past. In a review of previous studies, we examined the process of reflecting on past experiences to improve future motivation. We showed that people with a clear ideal (goal) reflected on past experiences related to that ideal, and acquired lessons and mental rewards from the past, thus improving their motivation. A new mechanism for maintaining work motivation by reflecting on past experiences was presented, taking into consideration acquired lessons and mental rewards.
著者
大場 孝裕 大橋 正孝 山田 晋也 大竹 正剛
出版者
日本森林学会
雑誌
日本森林学会大会発表データベース
巻号頁・発行日
vol.126, 2015

鳥獣保護法が、鳥獣保護管理法に改正された。増え続けるニホンジカ(以下、シカ)に対しては、個体数削減のための管理、そのための捕獲事業の実施強化と、それを担う事業者制度の導入が明確化された。しかし、従前の銃やわなを用いた捕獲が困難な場所や状況も存在し、無理な捕獲強化は、人身事故の増加や、錯誤捕獲など他の動物への悪影響も懸念される。シカを減らすためには、従来の方法に加え、新たに安全で効率的な捕獲技術の開発が必要と考えた。<br> 反芻動物は、硝酸イオンを摂取すると、第一胃にいる微生物が、これを亜硝酸イオンに還元する。亜硝酸イオンは、血中で酸素運搬を担っているヘモグロビンと反応し、酸素運搬能力のないメトヘモグロビンに変える。進行すると酸素欠乏症に陥り、死に至ることもある。人間など単胃動物の酸性の胃では、亜硝酸イオンは増加しない。<br> シカ飼育個体の胃に硝酸イオンを注入し、致死量を明らかにした後、作成した硝酸塩添加飼料を採食したシカ野生個体の捕獲(致死)に成功した。この硝酸塩経口投与によるシカ捕獲について、インターネット上で行われた意識調査では、実用化すべきとの意見が過半数を占めた。
著者
木村 哲夫 六車 直樹 板垣 達三 井本 佳孝 梶 雅子 宮本 弘志 岡村 誠介 高山 哲治 春藤 譲治
出版者
一般社団法人 日本消化器内視鏡学会
雑誌
日本消化器内視鏡学会雑誌 (ISSN:03871207)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.6, pp.1448-1454, 2008

症例は63歳,男性.つるし柿6個を一度に食べた後に,腹痛・嘔吐が出現し近医を受診した.上部消化管内視鏡検査にて6cm大の胃石を認めた.柿胃石と判断し,近年の報告を参考にコカ・コーラの経口摂取や内視鏡下にERCP力ニューレを用いて直接散布などを行ったところ,数個の破片に崩壊,消失する経過が内視鏡的に観察された.本疾患に対するコカ・コーラによる溶解療法は安全かつ簡便で,医療経済的にも有用な方法であると考えられた.
著者
小波 秀雄
出版者
京都女子大学現代社会学部
雑誌
現代社会研究 (ISSN:18842623)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.59-67, 2016-12

2000年に新設された京都女子大学現代社会学部では情報を重要な領域と位置づけて、それ以前の文系・理系の枠を超えた新しい情報教育の確立を目指した。その柱のひとつとなるプログラミング教育において当時まだ無名に近かったプログラミング言語Ruby を取り入れて、全国の大学に先駆けた教育を開始した。 その一方で、Ruby の可能性に注目した関西のIT 技術者や研究者の交流のためのオープンソースコミュニティ「Ruby 関西」の活動の場を提供し、Ruby に関する知識や技術の普及・発展と人材の発掘、養成に寄与してきた。本稿では、これらの歴史について振り返り、大学における情報教育のありかたと、地域社会との関わりについて考える。At 2000, the Faculty for the Study of Contemporary Society was founded at Kyoto Women's University. This note describes a brief history of the education on information technique(IT) at the faculty, and also describes the development of an open-source community "Ruby Kansai" which has provided an active communication space for IT engineers and researchers, and students in Kansai area.