著者

酒井 浄 末宗 洋

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.334-343, 1988-04-01 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 1

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Starting with (+) - and (-) -limonenes as chiral synthons, syntheses of biologically active compounds such as prostaglandins, (+) -brefeldin A and nepetalactones have been studied. The key-step of these conversions is based on the stereoselective cyclization of 3, 4-disubstituted 4-pentenals into cis-3, 4-disubstituted cyclopentanones using the Rh (I) -complex.Ring cleavage and reconstruction of five and six membered rings under acetalization conditions are also discussed.

著者

末宗 洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.7, pp.432-446, 1992-07-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

4 6

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The use of biocatalysts for the preparation of new chiral synthons has provided a novel synthetic route to the useful natural products. A method for the preparation of chiral carbocyclic alcohols has been also developed by utilizing the Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL)-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis. The above-mentioned alcohols have been found to be effective as chiral auxiliaries for asymmetric reactions.

著者

佐伯 清太郎 山下 絢子 盛中 泰洋 浜名 政和

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.79-86, 1977-01-25 (Released:2008-03-31)

被引用文献数

1 2

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1, 1-Ethylenedioxy-9-(2-pyridyl) quinolizidine (1) was converted to N-ethoxycarbonylpyridinium salt (3) via monohydrobromide (2) by successive treatment with ammonium bromide and ethyl bromoacetate. The reaction of 3 with hydrochloric acid was markedly affected with the concentration of the acid. Thus, when 3 was heated with 15-20% hydrochloric acid, ring closure took place accompanied by hydrolysis of the ketal and ester groups and also decarboxylation to give 17-hydroxy compound (4). Heating with triethylamine gave dehydrated pyridinium salt (5) which was reduced with sodium borohydride and then catalytically to dl-allomatridine (6). On the other hand, heating 3 with 5-10% hydrochloric acid gave a carboxylic acid (9) which was also transformed into 6 through an ester (10) and a ring closure product (11) as shown in Chart 2. The action of 30% acid on 3 followed by the similar treatments afforded 1-hydroxy-9-(2-pyridyl) quinolizidine (7). Transformation of 1 to 17-hydroxyallomatridine (8) was further achieved successively by hydrolysis to 1-oxo compound (12), formation of its cyanohydrin (13) and hydrogenation over Raney nickel.

著者

伯野 元彦 鈴木 崇伸

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

地震工学研究発表会講演概要 (ISSN:09134085)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.597-598, 1995-07-27 (Released:2010-06-04)

著者

Jammaree Singkaew Shuichi Miyagawa Chalermchai Wongs-Aree Taweerat Vichitsoonthonkul Saneh Sokaokha Songsin Photchanachai

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-087, (Released:2016-05-27)

被引用文献数

8

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Physiological qualities of F1 hybrid tomato seeds affected by the growing season; maturity stage at 40, 45, 50, 60, and 70 days after cross-pollination (DAP), and storage in plastic bags at 0°C for four months were studied. The characteristics of seeds from early harvested fruits (45 DAP) that subsequently ripened at ambient temperature (28 ± 2°C) for ten days (designated as “45+ripening”), were also investigated. Higher light intensity, and a wider range of night and day temperatures and relative humidity (RH), but lower night temperature and RH, were observed in the winter season compared to the rainy season. The winter climate delayed physiological maturity of the seeds by 10 days, indicated by the highest weight of dried seed, percentage germination and germination index which occurred at 60 DAP. On the other hand, in the rainy season physiological maturity occurred at 50 DAP. The proportions of irregularly shaped seeds, abnormal seedlings and weak seedlings were independent of fruit and seed maturity, while the amount of speckled seeds significantly increased with an increase in seed development on either the mother plant or the 45+ripening. Fresh (non-stored seeds) and stored seeds of the fruits harvested at 45+ripening and at 60 DAP showed the same quality. The number of fresh ungerminated seed in the seeds of 45 and 50 DAP was markedly reduced after four months storage at 0°C.

著者

Erasmus Kirii Tanjuro Goto Yuichi Yoshida Ken-ichiro Yasuba Yoshiyuki Tanaka

出版者

一般社団法人 園芸学会

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.MI-148, (Released:2016-05-27)

被引用文献数

1 21

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Pungency in peppers is due to the presence of the alkaloid capsaicin and its analogues, collectively known as capsaicinoids. These compounds are only produced in the Capsicum genus and function as deterrents to mammals from consuming the pepper fruits. Pungency in pepper is qualitatively controlled by the Pun1 locus, which encodes a putative acyltransferase enzyme. Mutations in the Pun1 gene result in a loss of pungency, and several Pun1 loss-of-function alleles have been identified in sweet peppers to date (pun11–3). However, variations in pun1 alleles have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, we report a new type of loss-of-function pun1 allele, named pun14, in a Japanese sweet pepper cultivar, ‘Nara Murasaki’ (C. annuum). Sequence analysis at the Pun1 locus revealed that this type of Pun1 allele is caused by a single adenine nucleotide insertion in the second exon region. This insertion is unique to ‘Nara Murasaki’ and is not present in wild-type Pun1. This insertion causes a frameshift mutation and a change in the amino acid sequence, resulting in a truncated protein. The results of gene expression analysis indicated that the expression of Pun1 in ‘Nara Murasaki’ was hardly detectable, while the transcripts of this gene were strongly expressed in a pungent cultivar. In a co-segregation test, the pun14 genotype perfectly co-segregated with non-pungency in 103 F2 population plants of a cross between ‘Nara Murasaki’ and a pungent cultivar. ‘Nara Murasaki’ and a DNA marker to distinguish the pun14 allele will be informative for understanding the domestication process of sweet peppers.

著者

高橋 豊美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.4, pp.427-436, 1976-04-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

17

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In a previous paper, the size and age composition of the shoals and several biological characteristics of the herring, Clupea pallasi, in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea in the summer of 1971 were reported. In the present study, the author attempted to clarify the features of the age composition of the shoals and the relationship between their distribution and hydrographic conditions on the surface layer. Fish samples and data of oceanographic observation were obtained by the research vessel“Oyashio Maru”in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea in the summers of 1971-1973. The surface gill nets usded were composed of nets of various mesh sizes 30, 35, 42, 48, 55, 63, 72, 82mm, and others, and the results of the analysis of these mesh selection curves suggested that these nets can relatively capture herrings non-selec-tively. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The shoals were separated into 3 groups according to the type of their age composition; Shoal A was composed of fish older than 4 years old (3+), Shoal B was mainly composed of 2-3 year-old fish, and Shoal C was mainly composed of 4 year-old fish. 2) Shoal B was distributed in comparative warm waters (12-14°C), where the temperature and salinity gradient were small. 3) Shoal C was observed in only remarkably low salinity areas (27.1-31.2‰), where the discharges of rivers could have some influence. 4) There is a possibility that the extension of the low salinity waters helped to define the distribution of Shoal A. 5) It is deduced that each shoal generally separates from one another geographi-cally due to the distribution of Shoal B and Shoal C in connection with peculiar water masses, respectively.

著者

菅野 泰次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.6, pp.755-762, 1982-06-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 3

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The population structure of herring in the Okhotsk sea south of 46°N was studied using twenty samples collected from three feeding areas and four spawning areas, and the landings during 13 years in seventeen sections. The relationship of ten samples caught in there feeding areas to spawning stocks were judged by discriminant analysis using VN, γ1, γ2 (see Table 2) as follows: four belong to DeKastri, three belong to Saroma, two mingle in DeKastri, Saroma, Notoro and one belongs to another subpopulation not described above. Four factors which act upon the fluctuation of the landings on seventeen sections were extracted. Two factors had high correlations with the catches of Notoro district and Saroma district. The other two factors had high correlations with each of the landings on two domains in the near side and the far-off side of Hakkaido. From these results, it is assumed that two subpopulations in the Notoro district and Saroma district are independent stocks not mixing with each other being localized in distribution, and a stock in a domain on the near side of Hokkaido is from the DeKastri subpopulation reproduced in the northern Tatal sound.

著者

森重 和久 安治 敏樹 木村 Julieta Y. 石井 明 綿矢 有佑 松田 彰 上田 亨

出版者

Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ISSN:03042146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.4, pp.317-325, 1988-12-15 (Released:2011-05-20)

参考文献数

17

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L.donovani promastigote 2S-15M株を感染させたBALB/cマウスに対し, 3'-deoxy-inosineは100mg/kg, 1~2回おき5回, 静脈内投与で約63%の治療効果, c-c-inosineは100mg/kg, 1~2日おき5回静脈内投与で約92%の治療効果が見られた。しかし, c-c-inosineは100mg/kgの量では副作用が見られた。T.gambiense trypomastigoteを感染させたddYマウスに対し, 3'-deoxyinosineは200mg/kg, 腹腔内投与, 感染前日からの治療で, 少し治療効果を示したが, 有効と言えるまでには至らなかった。またc-c-inosine 200 mg/kg, 腹腔内投与は無効であった。

著者

遠藤 達雄 安在 弘幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.328, pp.89-93, 1981-01-15 (Released:2009-06-03)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

2 13

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This paper reports in detail a fundamental concept of a P/V difference method which is one of rainflow algorithms. The method is one of cycle count procedures which are useful for analyzing a complex strain time history.A strain time history should be analyzed keeping in mind the stress-strain behaviour in the background. Based on this concept, the rainflow algorithm subtracts from a strain time history the parts which correspond to closed hysteresis loops in the stress-strain relation. The subtracted parts and the residual parts are successively processed for fatigue damage evaluation.The algorithm given in this paper is simpler than the ones already presented, by the use of successive absolute differences between neighbouring peaks and valleys called P/V differences.The simplicity enabled us to make a real-time on-site fatigue damage indicator.

著者

菅野 泰次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水産学会

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.441-445, 1989-03-25 (Released:2008-02-29)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

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Geographic and environmental causes of variations in meristic and morphometric characters were examined for the ten herring populations in the Far Eastern waters. A study of the correlations between the characters of each population and the latitude, salinity and water temperature at the spawning grounds showed that five characters of initial growth, upper gill rakers, lower gill rakers, head length-body length relation and predorsal length-body length relation are closely related to the latitude or water temperature, but showed no relation with the salinity in the spawning grounds.Three factors were extracted by factor analysis for the ten morphological characters in populations. One of them which seems to have no correlation with the three environmental properties examined is the factor suggesting genetic differences between the populations. The variations in morphological characteristics may be associated with each population's ecological, adaptitional and quantitative properties during their evolutional courses in the Pacific Ocean.

著者

Hiroaki Takashima Yukio Ozaki Takeshi Morimoto Takeshi Kimura Takafumi Hiro Katsumi Miyauchi Yoshihisa Nakagawa Masakazu Yamagishi Hiroyuki Daida Tomofumi Mizuno Kenji Asai Yasuo Kuroda Takashi Kosaka Yasushi Kuhara Akiyoshi Kurita Kazuyuki Maeda Tetsuya Amano Masunori Matsuzaki for the JAPAN-ACS Investigators

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.12, pp.2840-2847, 2012 (Released:2012-11-22)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4 6

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Background: The JAPAN-ACS (Japan Assessment of Pitavastatin and Atorvastatin in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial showed that intensive statin therapy could induce significant coronary plaque regression in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We evaluated the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on coronary plaque regression in the JAPAN-ACS patients. Methods and Results: Serial intravascular ultrasound measurements over 8–12 months were performed in 242 ACS patients receiving pitavastatin or atorvastatin. Patients were divided into groups according to the presence of MetS or the number of MetS components. Although the percent change in plaque volume (%PV) was not significantly different between the MetS (n=119) and non-MetS (n=123) groups (P=0.50), it was significantly associated with an increasing number of MetS components (component 0: −24.0%, n=7; components 1: −20.8%, n=31; components 2: −16.1%, n=69; components 3: −18.7%, n=83; components 4: −13.5%, n=52; P=0.037 for trend). The percent change in body mass index (%BMI) significantly correlated with %PV (r=0.15, P=0.021), especially in the MetS components 4 group (r=0.35, P=0.017). In addition, %BMI was an independent predictor of plaque regression after adjustment for the changes of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and HbA1c. Conclusions: The clustering of MetS components, but not the presence of MetS itself, could attenuate coronary plaque regression during intensive statin therapy in ACS patients. Therefore, to achieve a greater degree of plaque regression, it is necessary to treat to each MetS component and use lifestyle modification.  (Circ J 2012; 76: 2840–2847)

著者

進藤 賢一

出版者

北海道地理学会

雑誌

北海道地理 (ISSN:02852071)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1978, no.52, pp.21-30, 1978-01-30 (Released:2012-08-27)

参考文献数

10

著者

谷内 達

出版者

北海道地理学会

雑誌

北海道地理 (ISSN:02852071)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1982, no.56, pp.50-53, 1982-06-30 (Released:2012-08-27)

著者

Seiji INOUE Ka BIAN Tomio OKAMURA Hideki OKUNISHI Noboru TODA

出版者

(社)日本薬理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN:00215198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.271-282, 1989 (Released:2006-08-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

7 9

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Effects of eperisone, an antispasmodic in skeletal muscle, were investigated in helical strips of dog saphenous artery and vein. Eperisone relaxed saphenous arteries and veins previously contracted with norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, K+, or Ba2+; but in contrast, it produced contractions in the blood vessels contracted with prostaglandin (PG) F2α. Treatment with eperisone attenuated the contractions induced by norepinephrine and serotonin in the arteries and those by clonidine and phenylephrine in the veins. Eperisone inhibited angiotensin II-induced relaxations, mediated possibly by endogenous PGI2, but did not alter relaxations caused by exogenous PGI2. Treatment with eperisone (10-5 M) potentiated the contractile response to electrical stimulation of adrenergic nerves; the potentiating effect was suppressed by yohimbine. The eperisone-induced contraction in PGF2α-contracted arteries was inhibited by treatment with indomethacin or aspirin, although cyclooxygenase activity was not inhibited by eperisone. These results may indicate that eperisone blocks postjunctional α1- and α2-adrenergic, muscarinic, serotonergic receptors and prejunctional α2 adrenoceptors and reduces PGI2 synthesis via a mechanism other than cyclooxygenase inhibition.

著者

村上 仁一

出版者

一般社団法人 言語処理学会

雑誌

自然言語処理 (ISSN:13407619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.1_5-1_6, 2010 (Released:2011-06-30)

著者

周東 智 市川 聡 阿部 洋 松田 彰

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.50-60, 2008-01-01 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 4

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Despite considerable progress and extensive effort, a general method for highly stereoselective glycosylation particularly for the 1, 2-cis-glycosylation has not yet been developed and therefore is required. The α/β-stereoselectivity in glycosylation can be affected by the steric and stereoelectronic (anomeric) effects around the anomeric center, which depend on the conformation of the glycosyl donor substrates. Therefore, we hypothesized that highly α- and β-selective glycosylation can be realized by employing conformationally restricted substrates. We showed that the α/β-stereoselectivity was significantly increased by the conformational restriction and was completely inverted by changing the substrate conformation from the 4C1-form into the 1C4-form in radical and nucleophilic C-glycosylation reactions as well as in O-glycosylation reactions. The conformational restriction of substrates also effectively facilitates the α- and β-selective radical cyclization reaction at the anomeric position. Using the method, C-glucoside trisphosphates designed as Ca2+-mobilizing agents were successfully synthesized.

著者

津江 広人 堀口 雅弘 田村 類 藤井 孝太郎 植草 秀裕

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.12, pp.1203-1212, 2007-12-01 (Released:2010-10-20)

参考文献数

88

被引用文献数

35 52

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A single crystal X-ray diffraction method is the most powerful technique for the crystal structure determination of both organic and inorganic compounds. However, a number of organic compounds crystallize in a form of polycrystalline powder rather than a single crystal of suitable size and quality for X-ray crystallographic analysis. Recent remarkable developments of both software and hardware have turned X-ray powder diffraction method into another significant technique for solving crystal structure. In fact, not a few crystal structures solved from the powder diffraction data of organic compounds have been published in scientific papers. At the same time, however, it is also true that crystal structure solution from powder data is still a challenging subject; indeed, the structure solution cannot be executed in such an automatic manner as established in the single crystal method. In this article, we describe the details of the structure solution processes from X-ray powder diffraction data, together with the experimental know-how gained from our experiences.

著者

松本 和男 関 雅彦

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.26-41, 1991-01-01 (Released:2010-01-28)

参考文献数

68

被引用文献数

6 9

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This review deals with the chemistry of aspartic acid derivatives and its utilization for drug-syntheses. It should be noted in particular that “Aspartylation”, in which the aspartic acid skeleton is introduced into the target molecules by the use of various aspartic acid synthons, provides a useful methodology for the prepara-tion of the pharmaceuticals.

著者

市村 通朗

出版者

The Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.5, pp.548-558, 2006-05-01 (Released:2010-10-20)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 2

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The microbial screening is an approach for discovering medicines out of microbial metabolites. The natural products (microbial metabolites) are known to possess very unique and complicated structure that could not be imagined. In addition, many of them also have highly potent and selective (specific) biological activities. This report focuses on the feature and present situation of microbial screening in drug discovery field. Firstly, the recent study and development on antitumor antibiotics, duocarmyicins (related compounds) and calicheamicin γ1IIthat indicate extraordinary potent activity, are reviewed. Next, the biochemical and pharmacological study on KS-505a (C 40 tetraterpenoid) produced by Streptomyces argenteolus, a PDE 1 (calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase) isoform selective inhibitor, is presented. The relationship between the microbial screening and recent “chemical biology” or “chemical genetics” approach is also discussed, using for examples, the mode of action of rapamycin and stem cell-based medicine. Finally, the basic strategy in microbial screening (method, target diseases etc.) is described.