著者

Yin Jinzhu Zhang Qinli Yang Jin Kang Pan Huang Jianjun Niu Qiao

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.365-373, 2015-06-01 (Released:2015-05-09)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

15

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Toxic and harmful factors co-exist in the environment; these factors often interact to induce combined toxicity, which is the main focus of toxicological research. Furthermore, a large number of studies have shown that aluminum (Al) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are neurotoxic and target the central nervous system to cause neuronal apoptosis. Because we are exposed to both Al and BaP in the air, water, food, and even medicine, the combined effects of these agents in humans must be examined. The present study examines the ability of Al and BaP co-exposure to intensify neuronal apoptosis. The primary neurons of newborn rats were cultured for 5 days, and cells from the same batch that were growing well were selected and assigned to the blank control group, the solvent control group (DMSO+S9+maltol), BaP groups (10, 40 μmol/L), Al (mal)3 groups (50, 100, 400 μmol/L) and co-exposure groups with different combinations of BaP and Al (mal)3. The cell viabilities indicated that 10 μM BaP or 50 μM Al (mal)3 was mildly toxic, and we selected 10 μM BaP+50 μM Al (mal)3 for subsequent co-exposure experiments. The morphological characteristics of cell apoptosis were much more obvious in the co-exposure group than in the Al-exposed cells or the BaP-exposed cells, as observed with a transmission electron microscope and a fluorescence inverted microscope. The apoptotic rates and caspase-3 activity quantitatively significantly differed between the co-exposure and Al-exposure groups, while the BaP-exposure group did not significantly differ from the control group. These results indicate that Al and BaP co-exposure exert synergistic effects on neuronal cell apoptosis.

著者

小山 洋司

出版者

比較経済体制学会

雑誌

比較経済研究 (ISSN:18805647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.2_39-2_49, 2010 (Released:2011-02-18)

参考文献数

32

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中東欧の経済危機の諸相を概観したうえで,バルト諸国,とりわけラトビアに焦点を当て,経済危機の原因を考察する.2004年の EU 加盟の前から賃金が急上昇した.金融面では北欧の銀行が進出し,シェア競争をし,消費ブームを煽った.すでに2005年には経済は過熱の兆候を見せていたが,政府の対応が遅れた.2007年春に引き締め政策に転じ,同年12月に経済は不況に陥ったうえに,2008年 9 月のリーマン・ショックが追い打ちをかけた.

著者

白尾 元理 佐藤 正

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.6, pp.Plate1-Plate2, 1999-12-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.405-409, 2015-08-01 (Released:2015-08-01)

著者

芦野 俊宏

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.5, pp.400-403, 2015-08-01 (Released:2015-08-01)

著者

伊藤 悦朗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会

雑誌

生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.177-177, 2015 (Released:2015-07-31)

著者

三宅 一徳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.12, pp.2467-2472, 2005-12-10 (Released:2008-06-12)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 1

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臨床検査値の判別指標としては,基準値(基準範囲)とカットオフ値(病態識別値)という2種の数値が提供されている.基準値は健康な集団における検査値変動(生理的変動)に設定根拠を置く.近年,生理的変動を解析する手法の理論的整備が進み,各検査項目の基準範囲が病態判定上どのような意義を有するかを明確化できるようになった.また,近年では診療ガイドラインなどで基準値とは別に病態識別値が設定される項目も多くなってきている.

著者

中野 重行

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会

雑誌

臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.63-66, 2003-03-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

3

著者

桜井 謙資 小林 京子 高橋 利禎

出版者

繊維学会

雑誌

繊維学会誌 (ISSN:00379875)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.22-26, 1989-01-10 (Released:2008-11-28)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

4

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脱アセチル化度の異なるキトサン膜を酢酸水溶液からキャスト法で調製した。塩化カリウムに対する膜電位からTeorell-Meyer-Sievers理論によって求めた膜の有効固定電荷密度および水和度は,予想に反して脱アセチル化度の増加とともに減少した。この挙動は非晶部の体積分率の低下により解離可能なアミノ基の数が減るためと推測された。同じキトサン膜で4種の単純無機塩についての透過係数を測定した。低い塩濃度においては透過速度はDonnan効果によって制限され,塩濃度とともに増加するが,高濃度においてはイオンの水和半径のみに依存する一定値となり,水和半径が大きいほど拡散係数は小さくなった。微多孔膜の透過速度は緻密な膜よりも数倍大きいが,その塩濃度依存性は類似していた。

著者

樋口 亜紺

出版者

日本膜学会

雑誌

膜 (ISSN:03851036)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.107-115, 1999-03-01 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

28

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This article reviews a theoretical and experimental consideration of membrane potential and permeabilities of salts in multi-lamellar ion exchange membranes. Model calculations are described for bipolar membranes consisting of juxtaposed cation and anion exchange membranes. Donnan potential is predicted to be non-zero when the concentrations of external solution on the left- and right-handed sides of the bipolar membrane are equal, while this potential is estimated to be zero from TMS theory for single ion exchange membranes. This is ascribed to the fact that the Donnan potential and the inter-Donnan potential, which is generated at the interfaces of anion and cation exchange layers in bipolar membranes, compensate each other. Permeability differences due to the direction of flux in bipolar membranes are theoretically and experimentally discussed. Molecular recognition of ions or substrates by membrane potential of immobilized enzyme membranes and immobilized DNA membranes are also reviewed.

著者

久村 恵子

出版者

経営行動科学学会

雑誌

経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.43-52, 1999-06-30 (Released:2011-01-27)

参考文献数

29

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This study focuses on the necessity of autonomous human resource development (=HRD) that considers not only the training and development for improving skills and knowledge, but also support to career and psychosocial aspect for individuals. In this study, the concept of mentoring is used as autonomous support to individuals' career development and psychosocial aspects.The purpose of this study is to clarify the trend of individuals' mentoring behavior in Japanese work organizations through investigating the factors influencing present mentoring behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 417 subjects who have been working in a variety of work organizations in Japan for more than three years. The influence of the achievement motive, self-consciousness, collaboration-value, and mentoring behavior received in the past to present mentoring behavior was examined.Results showed that mentoring behavior consisting of career-and psychosocial function is positively influenced by the individuals' length of service, achievement motive, and the experience of mentoring received in the past. To be exact, the results showed that the length of service influences both career-and psychosocial function of mentoring behavior. On the other hand, mentoring behavior received in the past influences mainly career function, and the achievement motive influences mainly psychosocial function.Based on these results, future directions of HRD which are applied using the idea of mentoring were discussed for fostering a better mentoring climate in work organizations.

著者

加藤 真理子 関 建司 平岡 勵 一本松 正道

出版者

公益社団法人石油学会

雑誌

Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute (ISSN:13468804)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.1-9, 2002-01-01 (Released:2008-10-15)

参考文献数

18

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ガスエンジン潤滑油は高温にさらされて熱分解を受けたり, 空気や燃焼によって生ずる窒素化合物に触れて酸化, あるいは窒化されるなどして次第に劣化する。潤滑油の劣化が進むと, エンジン効率の低下やエンジンの特定部位に腐食, 摩耗が発生するなどの不具合が生じる。そのため, 適切な周期での潤滑油交換 (更油) が必要となる。一般に, ガスエンジン潤滑油は基油と十数種の添加剤を一定の割合で配合されたものである。ところが, 従来から行っている潤滑油分析方法では粘度や酸化度など潤滑油全体の劣化を示すマクロな指標でしか評価されないので, その劣化原因を特定することや適切な更油周期を設定することが難しい。そこで, 新たに基油の分子量変化や, 特定の添加剤個々の変化を定性定量できる分析方法(より正確に潤滑油の寿命を評価できる方法) について検討を行った。これによって油種に関係なく, 基油や極圧剤•中和剤などの添加剤の劣化状況が判断できるようになったので, ここに報告する。

著者

岡田 光弘

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.629-630, 2008-03-31 (Released:2010-04-01)

著者

Takashi Yasukawa Yasuyuki Nakahara Jun Hirai Yoshihiro H. Inoue

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.1, pp.11-20, 2015-02-01 (Released:2015-06-25)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

1 6

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during energy production processes are a major cause of oxidative DNA damage. A DNA glycosylase encoded by the Ogg1 gene removes oxidized guanine bases and is widely conserved. However, the biological role of the gene in individual organisms has not yet been characterized in Drosophila, which is a suitable model to study the influence of oxidative damage on senescence. Here, we performed a genetic analysis to confirm that Ogg1 plays an essential role in the removal of 8-oxo-guanines from nuclei. We first confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR that Ogg1 mRNA expression was reduced by 30–55% in Ogg1 mutants and in flies expressing inducible Ogg1 dsRNA compared to control flies. We then showed that additional accumulation of 8-oxo-guanines occurred in the nuclei of epithelial midgut cells after paraquat feeding in flies with downregulated Ogg1 expression. We confirmed that a transposon possessing the UAS sequence was integrated in the 5′-UTR of the Ogg1 alleles and that it is oriented in the same transcriptional direction as the gene. Using the Gal4/UAS system, which enables us to induce ectopic expression in Drosophila, we induced overexpression of Ogg1 by 40-fold. We observed a lower amount of 8-oxo-guanine in the midgut epithelial cells of adults overexpressing Ogg1. These genetic data strongly suggest that the Drosophila Ogg1 ortholog CG1795 plays an essential role in the suppression of 8-oxo-guanines, consistent with its role in other organisms. Although adult flies with reduced Ogg1 expression failed to show elevated sensitivity to paraquat, those with Ogg1 overexpression showed resistance to oxidative stress by paraquat feeding and had a significantly longer lifespan in normal feeding conditions. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage by ROS accumulation is a major contributor to senescence.

著者

武部 健一

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

土木学会論文集 (ISSN:00471798)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1967, no.144, pp.27-38, 1967-08-20 (Released:2009-12-18)

著者

北田 正弘 高妻 洋成 建石 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会誌 (ISSN:00214876)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.8, pp.404-412, 2015 (Released:2015-08-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 4

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The Takamatsuzuka tumulus was constructed in the 7th to 8th centuries at Asuka in Nara prefecture. The mural and wall surfaces are soiled and deteriorated by rainwater, mold, and other causes. The mural is painted on the stone wall that is coated with stucco. The stone walls are jointed with masonry joint stucco. The purpose of this investigation is to clarify the composition, crystal structure, and other material factors of the surface contaminant layer on the joint stucco. An X-ray computer tomography, an X-ray diffractometer, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope are utilized to examine the microstructure. The contaminant layer thickness is 0.2-0.3 mm. Kaolinite, muscovite, montmorillonite, hematite and a few silicates are detected from the contaminant layer. The compounds detected are constituents of soil-like clay, and most of them contain Fe. By transmission electron microscopy observation, the contaminant layer is found to consist of fine mineral grains, as mentioned above, most of which are acicular. The acicular grain size is approximately 0.2-1 μm in length and 0.015-0.2 μm in width. The grains are in a row parallel to the layer surface. The hematite grains are circular with diameters of 15-250 nm. In addition, iron titanate is observed. The yellowish brown color of the stucco surface is mainly due to iron ions contained in the above-mentioned compounds. It is thought that the grains deposited on the stucco surface from colloidal-like water containing the above-mentioned fine grains.

著者

Tadashi Fujino Yukiko Yamazaki Takaya Tsubota Takanori Ikeda

出版者

一般社団法人 インターナショナル・ハート・ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

International Heart Journal (ISSN:13492365)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.459-461, 2015 (Released:2015-07-13)

参考文献数

10

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A 67-year-old man who had cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) at home was admitted to our institution. His spontaneous circulation was restored by bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed by his wife and an automated external defibrillator (AED). J waves were observed in the inferior leads of an electrocardiogram. We performed an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. After the ICD implantation, appropriate shocks due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) were observed on interrogation of the ICD at a frequency of twice a month. Most VF events occurred in the early morning between 1:00 to 6:00, and ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) were detected just before the occurrence of VF. Since the VF events always occurred in the early morning, we started long-acting disopyramide (150 mg/day, before bedtime), which has a muscarinic receptor blocking action. As a result, he has not received any appropriate ICD shocks for more than two years.

著者

Yoon-Jong Nam Hyun Kim Jin-Hyung Lee Hyeokjun Yoon Jong-Guk Kim

出版者

公益財団法人 応用微生物学・分子細胞生物学研究奨励会

雑誌

The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology (ISSN:00221260)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.67-74, 2015-06-30 (Released:2015-07-29)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

11

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Ulleungdo and Dokdo are volcanic islands that experience a characteristic marine climate, influenced by warm currents. The richness and diversity of the plant species, particularly vascular plants, are higher on Ulleungdo than on Dokdo. In contrast to the native plant life, little is known about the diversity of soil fungi living in the rhizosphere of these two islands. In this study, we utilized the barcoded pyrosequencing method to analyze rhizosphere soil fungi on Ulleungdo and Dokdo. In total, 768 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were analyzed from the Ulleungdo samples, while 640 OTUs and 382 OTUs were analyzed from the Dongdo and Seodo (islets of Dokdo) samples, respectively. Species richness was considerably higher in the Ulleungdo samples than in the Dongdo and Seodo samples, while there was little difference in species diversity between the samples. The taxonomic composition analyses demonstrated that members of the phylum Basidiomycota dominated the Ulleungdo samples, whereas members of the phylum Ascomycota were predominant in the Dokdo samples. Ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota, in particular, were more abundant in the Ulleungdo samples. This finding suggests that the difference in the abundance of the ectomycorrhizal fungi in the rhizospheres of Ulleungdo and Dokdo may have been affected by species richness and diversity of the vascular plants. Our study is the first detailed report of the composition of soil fungal communities on the Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands. In addition, our findings provide a basis for understanding the ecological interactions between plants and fungi.

著者

Masa-aki Kawashiri Akihiro Nomura Tetsuo Konno Kenshi Hayashi

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.12, pp.2845-2847, 2014-11-25 (Released:2014-11-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 4

著者

千葉 正博 土岐 彰 川野 晋也 中神 智和 鈴木 淳一 杉山 彰英 菅沼 理江 中山 智理 小嶌 智美 大澤 俊亮 磯山 恵一 外山 大輔 松野 良介 塚田 大樹 真田 裕

出版者

日本外科代謝栄養学会

雑誌

外科と代謝・栄養 (ISSN:03895564)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.45-52, 2013 (Released:2013-06-07)

参考文献数

18

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予定した,がん化学療法を完遂するためには,化学療法に伴うさまざまな有害事象を早期に発見し対応することが重要である.しかし,有害事象の発生と血漿遊離アミノ酸の変化との関係を検討した論文は少ない.今回我々は,小児急性リンパ性白血病患児10例の化学療法前後の血漿遊離アミノ酸濃度の変化と有害事象の発生とを比較検討したので報告する.  化学療法後の有害事象として,臨床症状でグレード3 以上は見られなかった.血液生化学検査では,グレード3 以上の発症は白血球減少が9 例,顆粒球減少が10 例,Hb 低下が5 例,血小板減少が4 例,AST 上昇が3 例,ALT 上昇が4 例に認められた.化学療法前後で血漿遊離アミノ酸濃度を比較すると,タウリン,グルタミン,シトルリン,メチオニン,イソロイシン,アルギニンが化学療法後低下する傾向が見られた.これらのうち,アルギニン,メチオニンの低下はAST の上昇と相関が見られた.