著者

前田 進 古土井 光昭 森 好生

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

海洋開発シンポジュウム論文集 (ISSN:0912733X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.1-6, 1985 (Released:2010-03-17)

著者

國澤 尚子 新村 洋未 小川 鑛一

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.195-205, 2004 (Released:2005-04-15)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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The objectives of the current research were to clarify differences in beginners' and nurses' techniques for manipulation of a syringe and to propose methods of education for mastering quick and accurate techniques. In this paper, differences in techniques for manipulation of a syringe by nursing students and nurses are discussed from two perspectives. One is the effects of combining the syringe and injection needle in terms of the pressure in the syringe. The other is differences in methods of grasping the syringe. Based on these results, problems relating to adjustment of the force used by a nurse to manipulate a syringe and contact of the fingertip with the plunger become apparent.For measurement of the pressure in the syringe, a processed syringe is connected to a strain gauge type of force conversion device and strain is converted to pressure. For pressing of the plunger, hypodermic injection and extrusion of a drug solution into a vial were performed. For drawing of the plunger, collection of blood and suctioning from a plastic ampule were performed.With regard to pressure in the syringe, the maximum gauge pressure was large for a finer injection needle when the syringe was the same size in all techniques for nursing students as well as nurses. In simulated hypodermic injection, nursing students had a larger maximum gauge pressure with a larger syringe with the same injection needle. However, nurses considered the effects on the body and adjusted force so that the maximum gauge pressure did not increase. Because extrusion from a syringe and suctioning from an ampule are techniques that do not insert a needle in the body, nurses added substantial force and manipulated the syringe in a short period of time. In addition, limits for the addition of force were also considered.Based on classification of patterns of waveforms with regard to drawing of the plunger in suctioning from an ampule, nursing students often had multiple valley-shaped waveforms. Patterns produce waveforms like this because the syringe is passed from hand to hand. Differences in the appearance of waveforms due to the size of the syringe were noted for nurses, indicating separate use of methods of manipulating a syringe plunger as needed.With regard to the grasping of a syringe, nursing students grasp it so as not place their fingertip in contact with the plunger. This is because they are taught in class not to make contact with the plunger based on the perspective of preventing infection. However, a majority of nurses make contact with the plunger when drawing the plunger. That is, making contact with the plunger for drawing of the plunger is a technique in which the plunger is easy to manipulate. Nurses may have adopted an efficient method in clinical settings. Even if the stance that contact with the plunger should be avoided to prevent infection is learned, making contact with the plunger as experience is acquired leads one to conclude that education in techniques for manipulation of injections is vague. Having nurses change the techniques they have acquired is difficult, so sterile gloves should be worn as a general rule when manipulating a syringe.In the future, force added to the suction head of a syringe plunger will be measured and the relationship with internal pressure will be verified.

著者

青木 慶 山崎 信寿 井上 剛伸 山崎 伸也 三田 友記

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.217-226, 2004 (Released:2005-04-15)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 1

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This paper describes the optimization of hip joint characteristics of a hip disarticulation prosthesis. We attempted to optimize the characteristics for improved ability to walk using our passive walking model, which can walk by utilizing mechanical properties of rigid body segments and joint resistance.In order to understand how the hip disarticulation prosthesis gait is performed, we interviewed two hip disarticulation prosthesis users. The interviews showed that practical gait in daily life is different from the gait at a training stage. These two types of gaits were named “practical gait” and “training gait.” Users indicated that the training gait velocity was slower than that of the practical gait. Moreover, in the practical gait the heel contact on the prosthesis side was more natural in comparison with the training gait.Gait measurements showed that the lumbar angle pattern has rapid extension and lateral bending involving the swing prosthesis in training gait. Step length on the sound side is in agreement despite the different types of gait. In practical gait, step length on the sound side agrees with that on the prosthesis side. Gait velocity in practical gait compared with training gait was 28% faster with subject 1 and 7% faster with subject 2. Therefore, practical gait has an improved gait velocity by swinging the prosthesis, as step length on each side is the same. Motion of prosthesis is achieved not by sound lower extremities but by lumbar flexion, extension, and lateral bending. Furthermore, practical gait reduces lumbar motion as much as possible, and reduces muscle force around the lumbar area.We developed a passive swing model by applying the above characteristics. This model is composed of eight rigid segments: upper torso, pelvis, upper extremities, thigh, shank-foot. Each joint has passive resistance by ligament. The sound hip and lumbar joint have active moments by muscle, which were obtained from measurement. The objective function for practical gait is defined by the following parameters: (1) difference of each step length, (2) amplitude of active moments, (3) difference of cycles between gait patterns and active moments. As these parameters are minimized, postures of segments, translational velocity, angular velocities and cycle, and amplitude of active moment are recorded. In comparison of subjects, calculated motion patterns on the prosthesis side were well in agreement, so this model is available to estimate hip joint characteristics.When this model simulates a condition of the current hip elastic characteristic weakened by half, the gait velocity is 6% faster and amplitude of lumbar lateral bending moment is reduced 26%. For this reason, weakening current elastic characteristics around the hip joint can easily control the swing of the prosthesis. As a result, adjustment of the hip elastic characteristic can improve the walk capability.

著者

山田 宏 松村 仁 森田 大作

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.173-184, 2004 (Released:2005-04-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

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This theoretical investigation of the mechanics of the vascular endothelial cells that line the luminal side of blood vessels focused on two points. First, we formulated a hypothesis on the orientation of stress fibers, i.e., bundles of actin filaments, under cyclic deformation, and used numerical simulation to predict their orientation under various types of substrate deformation. Second, we created a finite element model of cultured endothelial cells adhering to a substrate, i.e., a silicone membrane, and a vascular endothelial cell on the luminal side of a vascular wall, and used finite element analyses to determine the stress and strain under various types of deformation.To predict the orientation of stress fibers, we hypothesized that they are oriented only in the direction in which the strain component in the fiber direction does not exceed the strain limit, either with maximum deformation of the substrate or during deformation of the substrate. We found that stress fibers have a minimum length during the process of substrate stretching, and investigated the importance of considering substrate deformation during cyclic stretching. The numerical simulation showed that the effect is small over the physiological range of cyclic deformation experienced in blood vessels. We also predicted the out-of-plane orientations of stress fibers during cycles of simple elongation, pure uniaxial stretching, and equibiaxial stretching. With cyclic equibiaxial stretching and the assumption of a certain cell height, the predicted orientation of stress fibers agreed with the reported range of orientation of the actin cytoskeleton.Second, using finite element modeling and analyses, we modeled a cell adherent to a substrate and a vascular endothelial cell on the luminal side of the vascular wall. We assumed that a cell consists of a nucleus and cytoplasm, and that both are incompressible, isotropic, hyperelastic materials. We also assumed that the bottom surface of the cell completely attaches to the substrate surface. The analyses of the stress and strain in the cell showed that the strain was greatest at the substrate and decreased in higher positions in the cell; the amount of strain in the top region of the cell depended on its shape. Moreover, the existence of the nucleus caused a complicated distribution of stress and strain in the cytoplasm. This result provides important information for predicting the orientation of stress fibers with nonuniform deformation of a cell.

著者

与芝 真 半田 宏一 樋口 大介 井上 和明 関山 和彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本肝臓学会

雑誌

肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.8, pp.460-465, 1999-08-25 (Released:2010-02-22)

参考文献数

16

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症例は21歳男性のHBVキャリア. 急性発症し近医入院, 1カ月間肝庇護療法を受けたが改善せず, 劇症化を疑われて当院入院した. HBe抗原陽性でプレコア領域にも YMDD 領域にも変異は認められなかった. インターフェロン (IFN), ラミブジン (3TC), ステロイドパルス療法, サイクロスポリン投与と33回にわたる人工肝補助療法により肝不全を脱した. その後ウイルスの再増殖と共に再燃, PT50%に低下したため再入院, 初回と同様の投薬を受け, 劇症化せずに退院した. しかし, HBe 抗原高値, 血中の HBV 量も大量であり, IFN, 3TC 併用投与に全く反応しなかった. そのため, ファムシクロビルを投与したところ, 3カ月の治療後HBe抗原系のセロコンバージョンと血中ウイルス量の低下が見られ, 治療を脱することができた. HBV キャリアの劇症化例では IFN, 3TC のみならずファムシクロビル投与が必要な症例が存在する事が明らかにされた.

著者

吉永 浩二 関口 喜一 江藤 〓一 星冬 四郎

出版者

日本繁殖生物学会

雑誌

家畜繁殖研究會誌 (ISSN:04530551)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.85-86, 1961-10-15 (Released:2008-05-15)

参考文献数

12

出版者

俳文学会

雑誌

連歌俳諧研究 (ISSN:03873269)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1982, no.63, pp.86-89, 1982-07-31 (Released:2010-08-25)

著者

Shun HIRASAWA Miki SHIMIZU Yuumi MARUI Miori KISHIMOTO Seiichi OKUNO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0089, (Released:2014-09-05)

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We designed a new method of measuring the length of the ulnar nerve and determining standard values for F-wave parameters of the ulnar nerve in clinically normal beagles. Nerve length must be precisely measured to determine F-wave latency and conduction velocity. The length of the forelimb has served as the length of the ulnar nerve for F-wave assessments, but report indicates that F-wave latency is proportional to the length of the pathway traveled by nerve impulses. Therefore, we measured the surface distance from a stimulus point to the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra (nerve length 1) and the anterior horn of the scapula (nerve length 2) as landmarks through the olecranon and the shoulder blade acromion. The correlation coefficients between the shortest F-wave latency and the length of nerves 1, 2 or the forelimb were 0.61, 0.7 and 0.58. Nerve length 2 generated the highest value. Furthermore, the anterior horn of the scapula was easily palpated in any dog regardless of well-fed body. We concluded that nerve length 2 was optimal for measuring the length of the ulnar nerve.

著者

今野 昭義 野本 実

出版者

日本口腔・咽頭科学会

雑誌

口腔・咽頭科 (ISSN:09175105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.12-12, 1994-08-31 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

永井 厚志 相馬 一亥 石原 英樹 谷口 博之 藤井 智子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.6, pp.1619-1634, 2011 (Released:2013-04-10)

参考文献数

1

著者

石井 良助

出版者

法制史学会

雑誌

法制史研究 (ISSN:04412508)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1960, no.10, pp.258-260, 1960-03-30 (Released:2009-11-16)

著者

Shizuhiko Nishisato José G. Clavel

出版者

The Behaviormetric Society of Japan

雑誌

Behaviormetrika (ISSN:03857417)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.15-32, 2009 (Released:2010-06-08)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 15 4

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The traditional quantification procedure (e.g., dual scaling, correspondence analysis) is extended in order to tap into information which is typically ignored. Noting that the traditional symmetric scaling yields a visual image of distorted data structure and recalling that the widely used practice of looking at data in reduced space may also miss capturing rare but key-information in total space, a method, called total information analysis (TIA), is proposed to subject not only within-set but also between-set relations in total space. Numerical examples are used to explain why TIA offers partial solutions to some theoretical problems inherent in the current practice of multidimensional quantification analysis.

著者

湯川 抗

出版者

産業学会

雑誌

産業学会研究年報 (ISSN:09187162)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2013, no.28, pp.87-102, 2013 (Released:2014-06-01)

参考文献数

5

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Recent years have seen an explosion of Startup Accelerators, which invest small amounts of money in seed-stage startups and management teams and hold intensive training programs. At the same time, Super Angels, which also invest small amounts of money in early-stage startups, are increasing in number. These new investors are producing ICT ventures one after another and starting to have a considerable impact on the whole venture-ecosystem. This report looks at the 13 Startup Accelerators and 15 Super Angels which are currently garnering attention and analyzes their programs in detail. In addition, this report analyzes the growth pattern of Dropbox as a case study of a new type of ICT venture company in the cloud computing age.One of the reasons that these Startup Accelerators have taken center stage is that, when it comes to ICT business, starting up a new business is much easier than ever before, and real-world advice is worth more to an entrepreneur than money. Super Angels were born to fill the gap of necessary finance between conventional Angel investors and Venture Capitals. These new investors are starting to be considered as new infrastructure for venture companies because investment demand for ICT ventures is decreasing.In fact, rapidly growing Dropbox, a graduate of Y Combinator, the most famous Startup Accelerator, developed its product on Amazon's cloud service and conducts its marketing activities through social media alone. It sells its product on iPhone and android market places. This means that Dropbox needs much less money for its corporate activity than conventional ICT ventures, which usually need significant funds for R&D, marketing, and selling their products.These new investors are becoming a new business infrastructure for venture companies, and ICT ventures are growing rapidly using various cloud services and less money. This suggests that the way in which ICT corporations innovate is changing rapidly.

著者

澤島 秀成 原田 悦子 赤津 裕子 南部 美砂子 石本 明生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本人間工学会

雑誌

日本人間工学会大会講演集 日本人間工学会第43回大会

巻号頁・発行日

pp.244-245, 2002 (Released:2003-11-18)

著者

Jung-Dong Park

出版者

一般社団法人 電子情報通信学会

雑誌

IEICE Electronics Express (ISSN:13492543)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.11.20140806, (Released:2014-09-03)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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Switching mode CMOS frequency multipliers are studied in sub-Terahertz regime. Analysis on the multiplier architectures and optimal gate bias at CMOS switch are investigated to maximize output power at designated harmonics. Utilizing a differential pair, a 195GHz tripler having a hair-pin filter is designed to maximize 3rd harmonics with -14.8dB of conversion gain (CG) from Pin=+13dBm of the balanced input, while the 260GHz quadrupler utilizes quadruple-push pairs which achieves CG=-16dB from two +13dBm of the balanced I/Q driving signals in a 65nm digital CMOS process.

著者

今村 均 西田 郁子 牧 憲司 森本 彰子 古谷 充朗 上田 秀朗 坂本 淑子 曽我 富美雄 内上 堀征人 木村 光孝

出版者

一般財団法人 日本小児歯科学会

雑誌

小児歯科学雑誌 (ISSN:05831199)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.732-742, 1993-09-25 (Released:2013-01-18)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2

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著者らは小児における歯牙の測色にビデオディジタイザーとコンピュータを応用することを考えた.しかし,本機材はコンピュータグラフィック用に開発されたもので測色値は保証されない.今回の実験では機材の特性を調査し設定方法について検討した.1)機材の電源投入後30分以上経過して測定値が安定した.2)HPV2コマンドではカラーレベルが3,γ 補正値が4のとき10YR7/3の基準信号を良好に測定した.これは,HV-HP-S013012コマンドに相当した.3)ビデオカメラの設定を次のようにすると良好な結果が得られた.(1)シャッタースピード:1/60S(2)絞り:F3.4以上またはオート設定(3)ゲイン:+6dB(4)ホワイトバランスまずカメラを横壁に向ける.次にホワイトレンズキャップを付けピントを最大にぼかす.ワンプッシュホワイトバランスボタンを押す.4)無彩色を取り込んだ測色値の特性は非直線的で理論値と一致しなかった.5)計測値を理論値に近づける数学的補正の基本式にK×M1/3+A(K,Aは定数)を用いると良好な補正値が得られた.

著者

稗田 豊治 矢尾 和彦 神原 修 津谷 良

出版者

一般財団法人 日本小児歯科学会

雑誌

小児歯科学雑誌 (ISSN:05831199)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.260-264, 1980-08-25 (Released:2013-01-18)

参考文献数

23

著者

日本集中治療医学会集中治療の労働力調査プロジェクトワーキンググループ 日本集中治療医学会専門医制度委員会

出版者

一般社団法人 日本集中治療医学会

雑誌

日本集中治療医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13407988)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.205-212, 2014-03-01 (Released:2014-03-19)

参考文献数

10

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【目的】集中治療専門医試験受験者において合否と関連ある要因を探索する。【方法】専門医試験(2008~2012年)の343人の出願書類から,受験者の合否・性別・年齢・所属(施設と部門)・他学会の専門医資格・研修分野と期間の情報を収集し,多重ロジスティック回帰分析により合否に関連する要因を探索した。【結果】試験合格率は90.2%で,合格者は男性91.8%,平均39.2(SD 6.2)歳,大学病院勤務53.8%,所属(集中治療27.1%,麻酔31.0%,救急32.3%),麻酔専門医43.0%,平均研修期間5.2年(集中治療1.9年,麻酔1.0年,救急2.0年)であった。合格オッズは研修した分野(集中治療・麻酔・救急)やその期間とは関連していなかった。外科系研修期間(OR=0.08,P=0.01)と外科系専門医資格(OR=0.12,P<0.01)は合格を遠ざける有意な因子であった。

著者

石川 清

出版者

社団法人 日本腎臓学会

雑誌

日本腎臓学会誌 (ISSN:03852385)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.12, pp.1288-1288, 1979-12-25 (Released:2010-07-05)

著者

Takamichi Yamamoto Seung Bong Hong Masahiro Shimizu Katsuaki Sato Yotaro Numachi

出版者

日本てんかん学会

雑誌

Epilepsy & Seizure (ISSN:18825567)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.55-65, 2014-08-15 (Released:2014-08-15)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5

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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed partial seizures including secondarily generalized seizures or generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and those with recurrent seizures in Japan and South Korea.Methods: The study was a multi-center, open-label, evaluation of lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy or epilepsy with recurrent seizures. The primary endpoint was the seizure-free rate in the maintenance phase.Results: A total of 67 patients were enrolled; 52 patients completed 6 weeks of treatment (the escalation phase) and 42 patients completed 30 weeks of treatment (the escalation phase and the maintenance phase). The seizure-free rate in the maintenance phase for all seizure types was 43.1%. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 82% (53/65) of patients. The most common AEs were headache (14/65, 22%), nasopharyngitis (12/65, 18%) and rash (7/65, 11%).Conclusion: The seizure-free rate with lamotrigine monotherapy in the maintenance phase was 43.1% for all seizure types. Lamotrigine monotherapy appears to be effective in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy and those with recurrent seizures in Japan and South Korea. The safety profile of lamotrigine in this monotherapy study was similar to that observed in patients with adult bipolar disorder treated with lamotrigine monotherapy.