著者

Genki Terashi Yuuki Nakamura Hiromitsu Shimoyama Mayuko Takeda-Shitaka

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.8, pp.744-753, 2014-08-01 (Released:2014-08-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

6

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In the absence of experimentally determined three dimensional (3D) structures of proteins, the prediction of protein structures using computational methods is a standard alternative approach in bioinformatics. When using the predicted protein models to compute the native structure of an unknown target protein, estimating the actual quality of the protein models is important for selecting the best or near-best model. Moreover, estimates of the differences between the protein models and the native protein structure are obviously useful to end users who can then decide on the utility of the models for their specific problems. This article describes two new single-model quality assessment (QA) programs, pure single-model QA method (psQA) and a template based QA method (tbQA), that we developed. psQA is a pure single-model QA program that uses a neural network method to predict residue–residue distance matrices of the native protein structures. tbQA is a quasi-single-model QA program that mainly uses target-template sequence alignments and template structures. The performance of these two model QA programs was analyzed in a data set of 24022 models for 94 targets from the 10th critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP10) experiment.

著者

Toshiyuki Takahashi Mayuko Sato Kiminori Toyooka Hisayoshi Nozaki

出版者

日本メンデル協会、国際細胞学会

雑誌

CYTOLOGIA (ISSN:00114545)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.119-123, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-07-15)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

7 11

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Cyanophora paradoxa is an enigmatic biflagellate that may represent the first photosynthetic eukaryote morphologically. This alga has been widely studied as a model organism of primitive phototrophs. However, surface ornamentations of the vegetative cells have not been examined using ultra-high resolution field emission (FE) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the present study, C. paradoxa NIES-547 vegetative cells were examined using FE-SEM and compared with the data using conventional SEM. Our FE-SEM images demonstrated that the cell surface was ornamented with angular fenestrations framed by ridges. In contrast, conventional SEM did not reveal similar surface ornamentation. Transmission electron microscopy showed the ridge was formed by the edges of overlapping or attaching outermost plate vesicles at the cell periphery.

著者

長山 郁生

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科臨床学会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 (ISSN:00326313)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.11special, pp.3136-3140, 1983-11-20 (Released:2011-11-04)

参考文献数

9

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The body sway of patients in a position standing was recorded by a stabilometer. Each subject stood on a platform with feet together and looked straight ahead at a small spot on a wall 1.5m away. The test was done for 35 seconds with eyes open and another 35 seconds with eyes closed.The total distance of body sway and the shift of the center of the stabilogram were measured. The test was performed on normal subjects and patients with vestibular disorders.(1) In patients with vestibular disorders, the total distance of body sway was greater than in normal subjects, and its ratio with eyes closed and eyes open was larger than normal.(2) Normal subjects shifted forward with eyes closed, but the patients tended to shift backward.These two indicators, the total distance of body sway and the shift of the center of the stabilogram provide useful information in observing the clinical course of patients with vestibular disorders.

著者

八木 聰明

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.12, pp.12_76-12_79, 2012-12-01 (Released:2013-04-05)

参考文献数

5

著者

伹野 茂

出版者

公益財団法人 日本学術協力財団

雑誌

学術の動向 (ISSN:13423363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.4, pp.4_34-4_39, 2014-04-01 (Released:2014-08-01)

参考文献数

7

著者

松田 正己

出版者

日本国際保健医療学会

雑誌

国際保健医療 (ISSN:09176543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.106-112, 2014-06-20 (Released:2014-07-17)

参考文献数

18

著者

杉原 薫

出版者

日本南アジア学会

雑誌

南アジア研究 (ISSN:09155643)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.22, pp.170-184, 2010-12-15 (Released:2011-09-06)

参考文献数

39

著者

藤原 浩司 兼岩 憲

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.364-374, 2014-07-01 (Released:2014-06-18)

参考文献数

21

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As one of the core technologies of the Semantic Web, the RDF data model enables us to represent machine-readable metadata about Web resources. SPARQL is the standard query language for answering queries from RDF data. In order to support SPARQL in practice, it is important to access such metadata quickly from large scale RDF data stores, such as Gene Ontology and DBpedia. In this paper, we present an algorithm that decides the solve order of an inputed query. We formalize the search space reduction of the connected variables occurring in a query and establish the costs of different query patterns. In particular, we consider selecting one of the various orders of elements in each query that results in less computation for searching and reasoning steps, i.e., matching a subgraph of a complex RDF graph. Using the algorithm, we implement an efficient query system with a RDF store (called NodeStore) for large-scale RDF data. In the RDF store, an indexed data structure of RDF graphs is well constructed for optimizing RDF data processing, e.g., finding a set of RDF triples including a common resource. For the evaluation of deciding the solve order of a query, we show some experimental results for our query system NodeStore and the Jena framework using a LUBM dataset (a benchmarking framework for semantic repositories).

著者

原山 道子

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.319-335, 1988-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

70

被引用文献数

1 1

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Citation analysis is a bibliometric method using reference citations found in scientific papers as the primary analytical tool. This paper attempts to clarify the communication network of one field in geography by means of citation analysis. Central place studies, originating from Christaller and Lösch, are selected for this purpose.Citation is taken to represent four indicators as follows: 1) quality, 2) recognition, 3) diffusion and communication network, and 4) utilization. First, this paper reviews various measures used in citation analysis, such as bibliographic coupling, link connection, and co-citation, which have developed in the fields of Sociology of Science, and Library and Information Science. Multivariate data analyses, especially cluster analysis, factor analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS), make it possible to deal with a large number of citation data such as the Scientific Citation Index (SCI) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).Second, citation analysis used in the field of geography is reviewed (see Table 1). According to the indicators mentioned above, the studies are divided into three categories: 1) quality of research, productivity and ranking, 2) professional recognition and reward, and 3) communication network and diffusion of ideas.Third, to examine the communication network of geographers, the early central place studies are considered. In the present study, the citation frequency of 98 papers by 57 geographers which are taken from “Central Place Studies” (Berry and Pred, 1965) are counted directly, and an asymmetric matrix (57×57) is constructed. Citation frequencies are transformed into “distance”; hence the distance between geographers is analyzed by MDS, which assigns relative locations in two-dimensional space: the scaled configuration of highly cited and co-cited geographers would be a concrete representation of the communication network. It is expected that the 57 geographers comprise subgroups based on nationality, specialty and/or school.In the present study, seven clusters are identified: 1) the Lund school, 2) the Chicago school, 3) the Washington school and researchers with theoretical and quantitative approaches, 4) English researchers, 5) CBD researchers, 6) researchers concentrating on the internal business structure of the city, and 7) marketing researchers (see Fig. 4).As a result, reference space fundamentally consists of two axes: “quantitative analysis vs. qualitative description” and “European geographers vs. American geographers”. When properly used, citation analysis can introduce a useful and effective measure of objectivity into the classification and evaluation of science and recover a communication network among researchers.

著者

上野 佳恵

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.5, pp.334-339, 2014-08-01 (Released:2014-08-01)

著者

Thi Nhung BUI Thi Hop LE Do Huy NGUYEN Quang Binh TRAN Thi Lam NGUYEN Danh Tuyen LE Do Van Anh NGUYEN Anh Linh VU Hiromichi AOTO Yasuhide OKUHARA Yukihiko ITO Shigeru YAMAMOTO Mitsuo KISE

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.3, pp.183-187, 2014 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3 36 7

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We have reported that newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Vietnam have a low body mass index (BMI) of around 23 and that the major factor for this is high white rice (WR) intake. Brown rice (BR) is known to be beneficial in the control of blood glucose levels; however, it has the property of unpleasant palatability. Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) is slightly germinated by soaking BR in water as this reduces the hardness of BR and makes it easier to eat. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of a 4-mo PGBR administration on various parameters in Vietnamese women aged 45-65 y with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Sixty subjects were divided into a WR or PGBR group. For the first 2 wk, WR was replaced by 50% PGBR, then for 2 wk by 75% PGBR and from the second month 100%. Before the beginning of the study and at the end of the study, 1) anthropometric measurements, 2) a nutrition survey for 3 nonconsecutive days by the 24 h recall method and 3) blood biochemical examinations were conducted. Fasting plasma concentrations of glucose and lipids and the obesity-related measurements and blood pressure were favorably improved only in the PGBR diet group. The present results suggest that replacing WR with PGBR for 4 mo may be useful in controlling body weight as well as blood glucose and lipid levels in Vietnamese women with IGT.

著者

上原 敏則 平 宏章 粟国 敦男

出版者

西日本整形・災害外科学会

雑誌

整形外科と災害外科 (ISSN:00371033)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.1420-1429, 1995-09-25 (Released:2010-02-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Osteopetrosis associated with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification was established as an autosomal recessive inheritant syndrome, caused by a deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) in 1983. Only 3 cases have been reported in Japan.We describe a family with this syndrome. Proband is a 31 year old female, who presented with pathological fracture of the femoral, tibial and fibullar shafts, renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification. She was treated with intramedullary nailing and long leg cast followed by PTB brace. Bone biopsy was done from the iliac wing. Pathology showed irregular thickening of trabecular bone and unresorbed persistent calcified cartilage. Only a few osteoclast and fibroblast cells were found, suggesting poor bone remodeling.Her two sisters are short and the elder one is affected with mild mental retardation. Both have osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification, and a history of long bone fracture. Her parents are not affected and not consanguineous. CA II activity was measured from erythrocyte hemolysates in all of the family. CA II activities from the mother, father, and three sisters were 57%, 40%, 13%, 15%, and 18% each, compared to the normal control. We consider these three sisters are homozygotes of CA II deficency and their parents heterozygotes.

著者

沢村 信一 原口 康弘 池田 博子 園田 純子

出版者

社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.7, pp.304-309, 2010-07-15 (Released:2010-09-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 9 3

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(1) 石臼抹茶,ボールミル抹茶,粗粉抹茶の中位径は,15~20μm,最大径は50μm以上であり,微粉抹茶,ジェットミル抹茶の中位径は,5μm以下,最大径は10μm以下であった.(2) ジェットミル抹茶の円形度は,石臼抹茶,ボールミル抹茶と比較して高く,円形度の違いが伸展性試験や流動性に影響を及ぼしていると推測された.(3) 伸展性試験は,粒度の微細なジェットミル抹茶の伸展性が粗い粒度の粗粉抹茶と比較して2倍以上良かった.また,触感においては,伸展性試験の結果以上に,微細さや粗さを感じた.(4) ジェットミル抹茶の流動性は,流動開始振動加速度が一定しており,流動速度や流量も一定であった.これに対して,微粉抹茶は流動開始振動加速度が一定せず,流動速度や流量も一定でなかった.これは,円形度が高いことに起因すると考えられる.(5) 微粉抹茶の起泡性は,粗粉抹茶と比べて非常に優れていた.泡沫の起泡性向上や安定化には,粒子が微細であるとこが重要であることが分かった.

著者

Xudong Wang

出版者

CODATA

雑誌

Data Science Journal (ISSN:16831470)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.S698-S714, 2007 (Released:2007-10-23)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

---

Digital World History is a new expression of world history (or maybe "a new method for world history expression") and a paradigm of world history description, study, and application by virtual informatization and recovery. It is also a comprehensive systematic study through dynamic marks, integrated description, and retrieval of human society evolution and its causality dependant on the theory and methodology of digitization information. It aims at breaking the limitation of diachronic language attributed to the process of history cognition, summation, and recovery, addressing a possible scheme to fuse historical factors in relation to changing history, dynamically applying a multiplicity of results so that the discipline of world history can meet the needs of the information-equipped society of the 21st century. In this article, the author uses theoretical modelling methods, resulting in a blueprint of the quality issue, namely the Digital World History premise, and a paradigm for setting the foundation and scientific data strategy as a basis for its necessity.

著者

古武 彌正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.1-17, 1951 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

Part IExtinction, Delay, and Trace of Conditioned Salivary Reflex in Human SubjectsFormerly we succeeded in establishing the conditioned salivary reflex in human subjects, of which Zebrowski, Brunacci, Richter, Lashley, Krasnogorski, and others have never been able to report any setisfactory result, and showed several phases of generalization, (c.f. “Ten Tears of Research on the Conditioned Response in Human Subjects” by Yasho Kotake, in Brain Study vol. 6). And here, after making efforts, we could catch the phenomena of extinction by the manometer which was connected to the suction disk. The sound of metronome was used as conditioned stimulus, and special care was taken for unconditioned stimulus, trying to establish complicated temporal scheme which is more advanced than simple basic scheme of conditioned reflex. And at last, we succeeded in establishing the delayed conditioned salivary reflex and the trace conditioned salivary reflex in human subjects, which have been thought to be impossible. The results of the experiments were showed in detail following the development of reinforcement process. The results have enough reliability as they were acquired by perfect arrangements of the sound proof room and our experimental technique mastered through ten years' experience. We made a psycho-physiological scheme of human being and found psycho-physiological laws of the functions of the human brain by executing just the same experiments as pavlov did on dogs. The laws which were drawn out from the relation between introspective data and establishing process of conditioned reflex, the facts about strengthening of differentiation, and especially time relation in trace conditioned reflex, are, we believe very interesting achievements.Part IIA Method of Acute Establishment of Conditioned Reflex in Human Subjects.On the basis of the confidence acquired at Part I, we found acute method of establishing conditioned reflex in human subjects by extremely shortened reinforcing xprocess. And we succeeded with offering it as a research method of clinicalmedicine. The method is to measure galvanic skinreflex by simple electric condenser circuit. Thus weconditioned this galvanicskin reflex by weak electricshock as uncond itioned sti mulus and pure tone asconditioned stimulus.We have the conviction that conditioned reflex can be established by means of 14-25 times reinforcing trials within only 30 or 60 minutes. Comparing single reinforcing method and differential reinforcing method, We have found that the latter is more effective and reliable in human subjects. By this research an indicator of the function of the human brain was acquired. Certainly it may play an interesting rôle on the researches of psychopathology and brain surgery.There are many authers in U.S.A. who have reported on the conditioned galvanic skin reflex. However, it is the first time that it was offered as a practical method by introducing differential reinforcing method, being based upon the researches of conditioned salivary reflex for many years. Thus we could contribute to apply conditioned reflex theory to the new fields. Our second theme is to complete all the schemes containing generalization, trace, and delay of human conditioned galvanic skin reflex by this acute method of conditioning, and in future “Brain Wave” will be introduced in our experimental study.Part IIIVoluntary Cootrol of Conditioned Salivary Reflex in Human Subjects.In this part one of the most difficult problems for the experiments in the field of psycho-physiology is taken up. The problem is to prove experimentally the fact that conditioned salivary reflex in human subjects which hasthe most clear form is controlled voluntarily, and to make the basis firm for solviug the more interesting problems of reflex, volition and language. It was found that conditioned salivary reflex in human subjects is controlled voluntarily through five

著者

Katsuhiko Yamamoto Zhi Zhu Masashi Unoki Naofumi Aoki

出版者

信号処理学会

雑誌

Journal of Signal Processing (ISSN:13426230)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.205-208, 2014-07-30 (Released:2014-07-30)

参考文献数

10

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Speech scrambling methods are widely used for copyright protection and encrypting digital speech signals in order to guarantee the confidentiality of the original signals. They are very important methods for preventing eavesdropping and unauthorized copying. However, it seems to be impossible to completely recover a scrambled speech signal into the original signal. Moreover, nobody can comprehend the partial speech content from speech signals scrambled with these methods. In this paper, we propose a semi-scramble method for speech signals based on phonemic restoration. By using a speech scrambling method based on the random-bit shift of quantization bits, speech signals are converted to scrambled signals in partial intervals. We evaluated the confidentiality and efficiency of the proposed method by using two objective measures, signal-to-error ratio (SER) and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ). As a result, we confirmed that the proposed method can play a role in copyright protection for an original signal and recover a semi-scrambled speech signal into the original one. Finally, we indicated that the acoustic characteristics of signal semi-scrambled with the proposed method enable the listener to understand the speech information.

著者

吉田 智大 吉永 真理

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.8, pp.901-908, 2014 (Released:2014-08-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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In order to examine the effects of music on mood, we administered a survey to patients awaiting the preparation of their prescription medicines in pharmacy lounges. Two pharmacies took part in this study, both of which are in a metropolitan area treating fewer than 100 prescription sheets per day. Two hundred and fifty-two patients were divided into two groups: one group listened to background music (BGM) while waiting (n=111) and the other did not listen to BGM (n=119). The questionnaire included items assessing mood, present state of health, and demographic information like gender and age. After excluding incomplete questionnaires, 230 patients were included in our final sample for further statistical analysis. BGM was involved in decreasing feelings of fatigue and increasing feelings of vigor in patients with poorer health. This trend was more evident in female patients than in male patients. Using multiple regression analysis, we found that, in addition to BGM, environmental factors such as light level and noise level significantly affected mood. In conclusion, BGM alleviates uncomfortable moods caused by illness, particularly among females in poor health.

著者

藤島 博英 簗瀬 範彦

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集F4(建設マネジメント) (ISSN:21856605)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, pp.I_181-I_192, 2012 (Released:2013-03-12)

参考文献数

15

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平成17年,「公共工事の品質確保の促進に関する法律」が制定された.以後,地方自治体において,総合評価方式の導入が進んでいるが,広域自治体の4割強は試行段階にあり,基礎自治体の本格的実施は,7%未満である. 本研究は,すべての広域自治体を対象に公共調達実施状況,第三者委員会の運営状況および基礎自治体に対する支援状況に関するアンケート調査を実施した.アンケートの分析結果,地方自治体において総合評価の実施の大きな隘路となっている制度的要件は,第三者委員会であることを明らかにできた.しかし,職員配置状況から,小規模な広域自治体ほど,運営の負担が大きいため,第三者委員会の開催にかかる事務的負担を軽減するような制度的運用を行うことが,技術評価を伴う総合評価の導入促進に効果的であると考える.

著者

込山 悠介 番野 雅城 鑓水 優行 加藤 文彦 大向 一輝 武田 英明 清水 謙多郎

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.356-363, 2014-07-01 (Released:2014-06-18)

参考文献数

12

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Researchers of agriculture, life science and drug design of the need to acquire information that combines two or more life science databases for problem solving. Semantic Web technologies are already necessary for data integration between those databases. This study introduces a technique of utilizing RDF (Resource Description Framework) and OWL (Web Ontology Language) as a data set for development of a machine learning predictor of interactomics. Also, for SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) we sketched the implementing method of interactomics LOD (Linked Open Data) in the graph database. Interactomics LOD has included the pairs of protein--protein interactions of tyrosine kinase, the pairs of amino acid residues of sugar (carbohydrate) binding proteins, and cross-reference information of the protein chain among an entry of major bioscience databases since 2013. Finally, we designed three RDF schema models and made access possible using AllegroGraph 4.11 and Virtuoso 7. The number of total triples was 1,824,859,745 in these databases. It could be combined with public LOD of the life science domain of 28,529,064,366 triples and was able to be searched. We showed that it was realistic to deal with large-scale LOD on a comparatively small budget by this research. The cost cut by LOD decreased not only expense but development time. Especially RDF-SIFTS (Structure Integration with Function, Taxonomy and Sequence) that is an aggregate of 10 small LOD was constructed in the short period of BioHackathon 2013 or was developed in one week. We could say that we can obtain quickly a data set required for the machine learning of interactomics by using LOD. We set up the interactomics LOD for application development as a database. SPARQL endpoints of these databases are exhibited on the portal site UTProt (The University of Tokyo Protein, http://utprot.net).

著者

杉本 忠則

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.5, pp.265-270, 2009 (Released:2009-11-13)

参考文献数

13

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薬物を併用した場合の相乗効果の評価を行う際に検定を用いることがあるが,薬物反応の理論的背景を考えると適切でない場合がある.受容体理論に従えば,薬物用量と反応値との関係は数式として記述することができる.2薬物が併用された場合も,受容体理論を展開し薬物用量と反応値との関係を数式化することができるため,薬物反応の理論に基づくデータ解析が可能である.今回紹介する解析手法は,効力の異なる2種類の部分作動薬あるいは余剰受容体がない完全作動薬が併用されたときに測定される反応値と理論的な反応値とを比較する手法である.本解析手法は実験データを理論式に非線形回帰させ反応を決定するパラメータを推定するものであるが,回帰させる理論式には相加効果からの解離度合いを示すパラメータが組み入れられている.なお,本稿では相加を2種類の薬物を併用した場合に各薬物が同一受容体に結合し独立に発現する反応の加算としている.解析により各パラメータの点推定値と95%区間推定値が得られるが,相加効果からの解離度合いを示すパラメータの大きさに対し薬理学的意味を考慮して検討することにより2薬物併用による効果が評価できる.