著者
藤倉 雄司 本江 昭夫 山本 紀夫
出版者
国立民族学博物館
雑誌
国立民族学博物館調査報告 = Senri Ethnological Reports (ISSN:13406787)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, pp.225-244, 2009

キヌア(Chenopodium quinoa)およびカニワ(Ch. pallidicaule)は,アカザ科に属する一年性の雑穀でアンデス高地を中心として古くから栽培されてきた。これらの雑穀は,種子の表面に植物毒のサポニンをもっており,強い苦味成分のため毒妓きしなければ食用とならないが、一部地方ではキヌアの耕地に見られる随伴雑草も毒抜きして利用されている。一般に植物毒は栽培化の過程で失われる傾向があるが、キヌアがこうした特徴を維持しているのは,サポニンが動物からの食害を防ぐ役割を果たしているこどが示唆された。一方、キヌアもカニワも,野生植物の特徴であるとされる種子の脱落性をもち,この点でもこれらの雑穀は野生種の特徴を依然として有している。これは,キヌアやカニワがアンデス高地で重要な食用となってきた根菜類の陰で,その重要性が低いため十分に栽培化が進まなかったからであると考えられる。
著者
明 眞淑
出版者
国文学研究資料館
雑誌
国際日本文学研究集会会議録 = PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON JAPANESE LITERATURE (ISSN:03877280)
巻号頁・発行日
no.15, pp.69-77, 1992-03-01

Respect for the old has been traditionally made much of as a virtue in Korea. In Sangoku Shiki (History of the Three Countries) there is a record of a king who gave rice and grains to the old to praise them. And also in Sangoku Iji (Annecdotes of the Three Countries) we can see people who showed great devotion to their parents, along with kings, noblemen and saints, thought in no other part of the book appear common people. Three tales of the common people who were devoted to their parents offered a material for the P'ansori Shimchonjeon. Shimchonjeon is one of the P'ansori that appeared in the latter half of the Korean dynasty, whose ideology was based on Confucianism, between late 17th century and early 18th century. Its theme is filial devotion of a daughter who sacrificed herself for her blind father.By the way, what kind of parent-child relationship is seen in Chikamatu'works? In Shinjūmono (stories of lovers' suicide) we can see childrens' love for their parents, which is depicted in the reminiscent monologues before the suicide. The heroes and heroines choose suicide, dreaming only of their own happiness to come. But, almost without fail, they remember their parents and lament right before their suicide.On the other hand, in Onna Goroshi Abura no Jigoku (Murder of a Woman in the Hell of Oil) the hero is an undevoted and dissipated son, Yohei. The parents' anxiety over their son who keeps swearing shows their true love for him. In Meido no Hikyaku also we can see parents' love for their child.It is natural for the mankind that parents love their cihldren ; children, their parents. In order to investigate the parent- child relationships that we find in the worlds of Shimchonjeon and Chikamatsu, I will take a close look at the cases in which parents' love for their children is stronger than children's love for their parents, and vice versa.
著者
西村 直記
出版者
日本福祉大学スポーツ科学部
雑誌
日本福祉大学スポーツ科学論集 = The Journal of Sport Sciences, Nihon Fukushi University (ISSN:24338117)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.5-10, 2018-03-30

To examine the effects of bathing in artificial carbon dioxide-rich water (CO2) on recovery from fatigue as an index of sleep depth and heart rate variability, six healthy men were immersed in a CO2 (1000 ppm) bath at a water temperature of 39°C up to the shoulder for 10 min. As a control, each subject bathed in freshwater (FR) under the same conditions. After bathing, each subject slept 7 hours in a climatic chamber set at an ambient temperature of 26°C and relative humidity of 50%. After CO2 bathing, the rectal temperature declinedmore rapidly than after FR bathing, especially in the early stages of sleep. The high frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability as an index of parasympathetic nervous activity during sleep was higher after CO2 bathing than after FR bathing. Sleep latency after CO2 bathing tended to be faster than after FR bathing, and the subjective interrupted sleep time was also reduced following CO2 bathing. Furthermore, the subjective evaluation of sleep quality was higher after CO2 bathing. These results suggest that CO2 bathing induces greater fatigue recovery effects than FR bathing.
著者
松下 真実子 宮川 豊美 川村 一男 マツシタ マミコ ミヤカワ トヨミ カワムラ カズオ Mamiko Matsushita Toyomi MIYAKAWA Kazuo Kawamura
雑誌
大學紀要. 第2分冊, 家政系編
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.1-15, 1983-03-31

The authors noted the chage of tastes after cleaning teeth, and researched the change of the taste threshold after cleaning with toothcream and the effects of each component of the toothcream; the effects of surfactants which had been added to toothcream for 20 years or more were also discussed. The results are reported here. 1. The thresholds (special thresholds) of four fundamental tastes of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter in the test group were almost similar to those which were reported 40 years ago. Therefore, the difference in the taste thresholds by age was not observed. It indicated that the surfactants added to toothcream for a long time did not affect the tastes. 2. PH of the saliva not affected by cleaning of teeth. 3. Tastes of sweet and bitter were delayed to be differentiated after cleaning of teeth, but the sour taste was not affected. 4. The tastes which were affected by intraoral stimulation by commercially available "toothcream" and the mixture solution of its components were two tastes of sweet and bitter, while salty and sour tastes were hardly affected. 5. The thresholds were increased or reduced, but generally they were increased in many cases and the threshold concentration reached to 2 to 4 times as high as the original one. 6. The component of "toothcream" which can cause the change of taste thresholds was found to be sodium laurylsulfate. Perfumes strongly affected particularly sweetness and bitterness, and sodium laurylsulfate influenced sweet, salty and bitter tastes; glycerin affected only sweetness. 7. It took 3 to 15 minutes to recover the activity to differentiate sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes after cleaning teeth with commercially available "toothcream".
著者
松田 央 Hiroshi MATSUDA
雑誌
神戸女学院大学論集 = KOBE COLLEGE STUDIES
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.2, pp.115-137, 2004-12-20

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), a German philosopher designates European Nihilism (der europaische Nihilismus) which is a radical character in the western occurrence, a spiritual movement in the long-range western history, according to Heideggerian interpretation. Nietzsche thinks that Christianity is the origin of European Nihilism and it created European moral values. The Christian morality was the highest value to the European traditional culture. However according to Nietzsche's view, the aim of the Christian morality, namely kingdom of God is not yet achieved and the European morality is never improved. Accordingly there appeared atheism that denies God's existence. Nietzsche talks of 'God's death' in "The Joyful Knowledge (Die frohliche Wissenschaft)", the number 125. Nietzsche denied the Christian God and developed Perspectivism, named the eternal recurrence to endure European Nihilism. He tried to conquer himself and experience the eternal joy which was the affirmation of his life. Moreover he created a new god, named the superman (Ubermensch) which is the subject of the conquest of the self, and proclaimed 'the God's death' to revive truly human beings. However we must notice that Nietzsche's thought of the superman has its source in Christian God-man thought.
著者
佐藤 吉海 藤田 功 佐々木 博
出版者
国際医療福祉大学学会
雑誌
国際医療福祉大学学会誌 = Journal of the International University of Health and Welfare (ISSN:21863652)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.2, pp.68-76, 2013-10-31

MRI頭部臨床画像を対象に,同一ROI法と差分法によるSNR測定において,撮像法やROI内組織の不均一性およびモーションアーチファクトがSNR測定値に与える影響について検討した.撮像法としては2DFE法,T1強調2DSE法,T2強調2DFSE法,および3DFE法を取り上げ,各撮像画像の白質領域内の前頭葉,基底核,後頭葉に左右計16個のROIを設置しSNRを測定した.また,位相エンコード方向と周波数エンコード方向の無信号領域に設定したROIの標準偏差を比較することでモーションアーチファクトの影響の検討を行った.その結果,SNRの計測値への不均一性,モーションアーチファクトの影響は,加算回数の増加によってSNRが大きくなるほど大きくなること,および,影響の大きさは撮像法によって異なることが明らかになった.特に,2DFSEおよび3DFEでは,SNRの高い画像を得るために加算回数を増加しても,モーションアーチファクトの影響が大きくなり,期待されるほど良い画質が得られないので注意が必要である.
著者
佐々木 正道
出版者
中央大学社会科学研究所
雑誌
中央大学社会科学研究所年報 (ISSN:13432125)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.141-163, 2017-09-30

In contemporary society, mobility in urban areas has increased and people have greater opportunity to meet and communicate with strangers. In such situations we typically rely on such things as reputation, personal networks and/or past performance to determine whether or not a person is trustworthy. Occasionally, people also rely on trust stereotypes. The present study, using correspondence analysis for eight nationsʼ data sets on trust, found that three clusters emerge in determining whether or not to trust others before a first meeting. The cluster formed by a combination of “being introduced by friend(s),” “fame or a good reputation,” “performance record” and “word-of-mouth communication or information obtained from other(s)” is the most important cluster; followed by a cluster formed by “high social or occupational status” and “high level of educational background”; and finally a cluster formed by sharing the same birthplace or being graduates of the same school. We call these three clusters the ʻfame and personal network factor,ʼ the ʻhigh achieved status factorʼ and the ʻsame birthplace and school factor,ʼ respectively. Our findings indicate that people in Finland as a nation have a high level of trust. The United States, Japan, and Taiwan are found to be nations of high to middle-level trust, and the Czech Republic is found to be a nation of middle-level trust, all with regard to the fame and personal network factor as the most important in determining a personʼs trustworthiness before ever meeting them. Russia is seen as middle-level trust and Turkey as low-level trust for the high achieved status and same birthplace and school factors. Our findings also indicate that the relationships between gender and the three factors are rather weak among the seven nations. With respect to the fame and personal network factor and the high achieved status factor, males are more closely associated in some nations, while females are more closely associated in the remaining nations.Finland shows no relationship with regard to gender. For the same birthplace and school factors, males rather than females relate with it. Finally, as for the relationship between age and the three factors, the young age strata (i.e., aged 20 to 49) regards the fame and personal network factor as the important among six of eight nations and the older age strata( i.e., 50 and above) regards the high achieved status factor as most important among five nations. Also, the older age strata regards the same birthplace or school and the high achieved status factors as most important in three nations. Overall, the present study supports some of the theoretical discussions and previous experimental findings reported by sociopsychologists.
著者
梶田 美香
雑誌
人間文化研究 (ISSN:13480308)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.127-140, 2008-06-25

音楽科教育は表現領域と鑑賞領域に大別されているが、鑑賞教育は常に表現領域と比べて軽視される傾向にある。これは教材選択や評価方法などについての困難が大きな要因のようだが、根底には音楽の持つ抽象性や鑑賞行為が極めて個人的であるという特性との関連があるのではないだろうか。本稿では、はじめにアメリカで論争となった音楽教育哲学の二つの音楽観(美的音楽教育とプラクシス的音楽教育)を提示する。ベネット・リーマーの掲げる美的音楽教育は1980年代のアメリカで支配的な音楽教育観となったものであるが、音楽至上主義とも言えるこの教育観は、美的経験こそが音楽教育の目指すものであるとするもので、そのためには音楽の構造理解こそが必要であるとの立場である。これに対して音楽が社会の中で何らかの意義を持っているとの立場に立ったのがディヴィッド・J・エリオットのプラクシス的音楽教育である。これは音楽の実用性を指すものではなく、個人の目的に応じた「正しい行為」としての音楽との関わりを指している。この二人の音楽観は「本質知」と「行動知」の対立としてアメリカで音楽教育哲学論争を引き起こすものとなった。筆者はこの二つの音楽観から日本の鑑賞教育への何らかの示唆があるのではないかと考え、学習指導要領(音楽科)が掲げる目標と内容を分析し、本稿で課題の提示を試みる。
著者
山本 風人 井之上 直也 渡邊 陽太郎 岡崎 直観 乾 健太郎
雑誌
研究報告音声言語情報処理(SLP)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2012-SLP-91, no.9, pp.1-8, 2012-05-03

本稿では、重み付き仮説推論のパラメタを教師あり学習によって自動調整する手法を提案する。仮説推論は、与えられた観測に対して評価関数を最大化する最良の説明を求める推論であり、自然言語処理において文章に明示されていない情報の顕在化を行うことに対して有用な枠組みとして注目を浴びている。しかしその一方で、仮説推論の評価関数の学習手法が未だ提案されておらず、評価関数のパラメタの調整は、人手による調整やヒューリスティックな手法に頼らざるを得ないという問題があった。そこで我々は、仮説推論の拡張のひとつである重み付き仮説推論を対象として、仮説の証明木におけるリテラル間のコストの関係をフィードフォワードニューラルネットワークの形で表現することで、誤差に対する各パラメタの勾配を求め、評価関数のパラメタの識別学習を実現する。また、提案手法によって評価関数を学習できていることを確かめるために、既存のデータセットを用いて実験した結果についても報告する。
著者
近田 一郎
雑誌
東京女子大学紀要論集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.97-109, 1986-09-15

When the same idea is expressed in both Japanese and English, the number of verbs used in the Japanese expression will be, in most cases, far greater than the number used in the English expression. It was nearly a quarter of a century ago that I first made this observation, and since then it has been my firm conviction that the over-use of verbs by Japanese speakers when they try to create English sentences is one of the major causes of "un-English English". This is especially true in written English. Over twenty years ago, I had a number of very pleasurable conversations on this topic with the late Professor Yuichi Mito, the indefatigable investigator of problems with verbs. He is responsible for giving me many valuable insights into this thorny topic. On the basis of these discussions, I was able to better define my views, which I was later to present in a treatise, in several magazine articles, and at various places in my two books. In spite of my long-standing interest in these matters, I have not had the opportunity to give them further consideration for a number of years. However, in light of the interest which is currently being generated on the Mure campus by our plans for 'comparative language studies', I feel it may be worthwhile for me here to reiterate my well-worn opinions about the comparison of Japanese and English verbs. I have, therefore, rearranged my previous views, added a sprinkling of more recent thoughts, and attempted to put all this into a more readable form. I shall be happy if this feeble effort proves of some interest to my fellow language teachers.
著者
原田 達 Tohru Harada
雑誌
桃山学院大学社会学論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW (ISSN:02876647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, no.1, pp.113-139, 2002-09-30

This paper consists of ten scraps which I scratched while reading Shunsuke Tsurumi’s works and others’ articles about him. This is not a well-thinking paper, but merely my memorandums or, I would like to say, a kind of “pensee”on Shunsuke Tsurumi.
著者
田蔵 奈緒
出版者
共栄大学
雑誌
共栄大学研究論集 = Journal of kyoei University (ISSN:13480596)
巻号頁・発行日
no.16, pp.83-94, 2018-03-31

日本のプロ野球選手の中で現役選手引退後の生活に不安を感じている選手は,2013 年調査で71.5%,日本のプロサッカー選手では,2000 年の調査では76.2%であり,大半の選手が,引退後のセカンドキャリアに不安を感じているという結果であった。プロスポーツ選手に訪れる引退というキャリアトランジションにおけるセカンドキャリアの支援の在り方について,セカンドキャリア支援体制を確立したJ リーグの設立迄の経緯とJ リーグよりも以前から制度を確立している海外のプロサッカー選手のセカンドキャリア支援事業について事例調査を行った。日本サッカー界は,プロサッカー選手のセカンドキャリアのノウハウをJ リーグ内部で留めるのではなく,外部に対して提供し,スポーツ選手全体のセカンドキャリア支援に貢献できる経験と資格とその責任があるのではないだろうか。J リーグは1993 年からスタートし,この24 年間で国内に多くの功績を残してきたが,その繁栄や若干の陰りが見られるとはいえ,まだまだプロスポーツ界をリード出来る力を持っていると考える。プロスポーツの人材はその競技の中だけでなく,競技の枠,産業の枠を越えて活躍することによって,プロスポーツの中長期における発展があるはずであり,J リーグにはその人材を輩出する土壌と仕組みがある。この点において他スポーツ団体もJ リーグに学ぶ点はあるのではないかと考える。