著者
用量設定法ガイドライン検討委員会 藤堂 浩明 足立 浩章 今井 教安 上中 麻規子 内田 崇志 大谷 道輝 澤田 美月 成田 昌稔 西島 貴史 野村 宜史 宮坂 美行 畑尾 正人 増永 卓司 山口 雅彦 佐々 齊 知久 真巳 川田 裕三 古屋 律子 藤井 まき子
出版者
日本香粧品学会
雑誌
日本香粧品学会誌 (ISSN:18802532)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.2, pp.99-108, 2019-06-30 (Released:2020-06-30)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
1

The skin concentration of topically applied cosmetic active ingredients is very important for evaluating cosmetics. However, a large variation is often observed in finite dose experiments due to the evaporation of volatile components in the formulation and difficulties for applying formulation uniformly. In addition, steady-state skin concentration could not be attained even after several hours of application. In this verification report, we conducted in vitro skin permeation experiment with an infinite dose to confirm whether formulation with the highest skin permeation would also show the highest skin concentration. Three formulations, lotion, milk, and cream, and the mixture of these formulations containing isopropyl methyl phenol (IPMP) as a model ingredient were applied to excised human skin in eight research facilities. The present experiment was conducted with receptor solution containing 1.0% of Brij 98 in order to increase solubility of IPMP in the receptor fluid without changing skin integrity. The obtained results were consistent among the facilities in the following order of skin permeation (lotion>milk>cream≅the mixture) and corresponded with that of the skin concentration. This result showed that evaluation of topical formulations with in vitro skin permeation experiment with an infinite dose could identify the formulation which exhibited the highest steady-state skin concentration of cosmetic active ingredients. In addition, experiment with mixture formulation might reveal changes in skin permeability associated with changes in thermodynamic activity of IPMP after co-application of several formulations on the skin.
著者
日本集中治療医学会J-PADガイドライン検討委員会
出版者
一般社団法人 日本集中治療医学会
雑誌
日本集中治療医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13407988)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.150-158, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1 1

「日本版・集中治療室における成人重症患者に対する痛み・不穏・せん妄管理のための臨床ガイドライン(2014年)」公表後のわが国の集中治療領域における痛み・不穏・せん妄管理の現状を明らかにすることを目的として,2016年1月に日本集中治療医学会会員を対象にアンケート調査を実施し,今回,2019年3月に2回目の実態調査を実施した。調査の結果,ガイドラインの認知度・活用度は高かったが,同職種内での周知度は低迷していた。ガイドラインの推奨項目については,実施率の増加が確認できたが,さらに周知度や遵守率を高めるため,ガイドラインの周知活動の継続,組織内でガイドラインの教育・普及を推進できる人材への支援活動の充実が今後の課題である。
著者
ケレイドジン D・シーリン(錫莉)
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, pp.109-131, 2011-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

This paper examines the scribes' training functions in the banner and league offices in the eastern two leagues-Tusiyetu qan ayimav and Cecen qan ayimav-in Outer Mongolia under the Qing rule as well as the scribes' school established at the minister-office of Yeke Kuriy-e in the late Qing period. Based mainly on historical official documents, the author sheds light on dating the time when the scribes' training was started at the league and banner offices, the methods and contents of education there and, furthermore, clarifies various details related to the scribes' training school of the late Qing period, such as the school management, contents of education and regulations. The conducted research attests to the significance the scribes' training system, established in Outer Mongolia under the Qing rule, had on Mongolian history. This system played an important role in accomplishing the document-based administration in Outer Mongolia. It was also a significant factor in promoting Mongolian culture through spreading Mongolian letters and improving the literacy rate in Mongolian society.
著者
天文ガイド編
出版者
誠文堂新光社
巻号頁・発行日
1971
著者
天文ガイド編
出版者
誠文堂新光社
巻号頁・発行日
1984