著者
Matsuo Miwa
出版者
Springer
雑誌
Transportation (ISSN:00494488)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1-33, 2019-01

Personal automobility is critical for accessing economic and social opportunities in the auto-oriented built environment of the United States. Despite declines over the past 40 years, household carpooling remains the most popular alternative mode to solo-driving regardless of demographic group. While carpooling provides a degree of automobility, carpool-dependent passengers often suffer from practical and other disadvantages. This paper explores gender gaps and ethnicity in personal automobility levels, particularly among Hispanics. The analysis explicitly considers drivers' access to household vehicles and non-drivers' access to household carpooling. The research finds that Hispanic females, especially immigrants, are low in automobility, both in the probability of being a driver and in access to household vehicles. The large gender gap is specific to Hispanics, and differs from gaps found for non-Hispanic Whites or Blacks. The gender gap decreases, but persists, as immigrant Hispanics stay longer in the U.S., gain or maintain employment, or become college-educated. Surprisingly, the gender gap in personal automobility level exists even among U.S. native Hispanics. Gender gaps in personal automobility among different ethnicity groups, particularly Hispanics, merit more study, especially as commercial car-sharing and ridesharing services become more common.
著者
Ito Kentaro Kawamura Hironobu Kato Miwa
出版者
国際観光学研究会
雑誌
Journal of Global Tourism Research (ISSN:21899274)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.45-52, 2017
被引用文献数
1

In Japan, an increase in industrial tourism that makes uses the of regions' special characteristics is expected, particularly in Chukyo, with its flourishing manufacturing industry. Specific visitors making such "technical visits" are provided with focused technical and professional information. However, the actual technical visit process has not been sufficiently clarified. Using a case study of AVEX Inc., this research concludes a business model for technical visits and the service content provided for visitors. AVEX Inc. is a small/medium-sized manufacturing business in Chukyo that has successfully commercialized technical visits. Data related to Korean and Chinese visitors' experiences are collected through a survey questionnaire.
著者
Motomu NAKASHIMA Shun MAEDA Takahiro MIWA Hiroshi ICHIKAWA
出版者
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
雑誌
Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering (ISSN:18809863)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.2, pp.102-117, 2012 (Released:2012-03-13)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
26 25

In this study, the optimal arm strokes in crawl swimming which maximize the swimming speed and propulsive efficiency were solved computationally. For this objective, an optimizing method which consisted of the random search and the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm was constructed. In order to consider the muscle strength characteristics of the swimmer as the constraint condition of the optimization, an experiment to measure the maximum joint torques was carried out for various joint angles and angular speeds. Using the measured experimental data as the reference values, a musculoskeletal simulation model was constructed. By the constructed musculoskeletal model, muscle strength characteristics in various conditions were investigated and used to create a database. Using this database, the optimizing calculation was finally conducted and the following results were obtained: In the optimization maximizing the swimming speed, the swimming speed became maximum when the stroke cycle was 0.9 s. A relatively I-shaped stroke was obtained in this case. In the optimization maximizing the propulsive efficiency, the propulsive efficiency became maximum when the stroke cycle was 1.3 s. A relatively S-shaped stroke was obtained in this case. Two strokes which respectively maximized the swimming speed and propulsive efficiency were very similar to each other when the stroke cycles were the same. The swimming speeds and stroke cycles obtained in the optimizing calculation were within reasonable ranges compared to the actual races.
著者
Kaiyu KUBOTA Masafumi MIWA Ken-Go HAYASHI Misa HOSOE Miki SAKATANI
出版者
The Society for Reproduction and Development
雑誌
Journal of Reproduction and Development (ISSN:09168818)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2021-087, (Released:2021-10-14)
被引用文献数
3

In cow herd management, inadequate embryo implantation leads to pregnancy loss and causes severe economic losses. Thus, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying endometrial receptivity and subsequent embryo implantation. Transmembrane glycocalyx mucin 1 (MUC1) has a large and highly glycosylated extracellular domain known to inhibit embryo implantation via steric hindrance. The role of MUC1 in the bovine endometrium remains to be explored. Herein, we used simple but reliable in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate the expression and regulation of MUC1 in the bovine endometrium. MUC1 gene expression was analyzed in endometrial epithelial cells collected by the cytobrush technique using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MUC1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of endometrial samples collected from slaughtered cows. We used an in vitro cell culture model to study the regulation of MUC1 expression by treating cells with sex steroidal hormones or co-culturing cells with a blastocyst. The results revealed that MUC1 was expressed and localized to the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells in the bovine endometrium. MUC1 expression disappeared during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle and during pregnancy. 17β-estradiol induced MUC1 expression, whereas progesterone inhibited its increase and co-culturing with blastocysts did not affect the expression. A long postpartum interval is a known risk factor for reduced fertility, and MUC1 expression was higher in this compromised condition. Our results demonstrated the MUC1 regulation by steroid hormones in bovine endometrium for embryo implantation, and we observed a negative correlation between MUC1 expression and fertility.
著者
Koichiro Fujisue Eiichiro Yamamoto Daisuke Sueta Yuichiro Arima Kyoko Hirakawa Noriaki Tabata Masanobu Ishii Miwa Ito Kenshi Yamanaga Shinsuke Hanatani Tadashi Hoshiyama Hisanori Kanazawa Seiji Takashio Satoshi Araki Hiroki Usuku Taishi Nakamura Hirofumi Soejima Koichi Kaikita Hiroaki Kawano Kenichi Matsushita Kenichi Tsujita
出版者
Japan Atherosclerosis Society
雑誌
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.63044, (Released:2021-09-28)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
7

Aims: Royal jelly, a creamy substance secreted by honeybees, has been reported to have beneficial effects against dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. However, the effects of royal jelly on atherogenesis remain unknown. Hence, we prospectively evaluated whether royal jelly augments vascular endothelial function, which can reflect early atherogenesis, in healthy volunteers. Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind, 1:1 randomized placebo-controlled study conducted from October 2018 to December 2019. A total of 100 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either royal jelly 690 mg or placebo daily for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was augmentation in vascular endothelial function as assessed using the change in the reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry index (RH-PAT) index, and the secondary endpoints were the changes in liver function and lipid profiles between baseline and 4 weeks after enrollment. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.0±9.3 years in the placebo group and 36.1±9.1 years in the royal jelly groups; 45% and 50% of the placebo and the royal jelly groups, respectively, were male. The percentage relative change in the RH-PAT index was significantly higher in the royal jelly group than in the placebo group (21.4%±53.1% vs. 0.05%±40.9%, P=0.037). The percentage relative changes in alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly lower in the royal jelly group than in the placebo group (alanine aminotransferase: −6.06%±22.2% vs. 11.6%±46.5%, P=0.02; γ-glutamyl transpeptidase: −3.45%±17.8% vs. 4.62%±19.4%, P=0.045). Lipid profiles were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Royal jelly might have antiatherogenic property by improving vascular endothelial function. It also augmented liver functions in healthy volunteers.
著者
Nobuyuki Katsumata Daisuke Harama Takako Toda Yuto Sunaga Masashi Yoshizawa Yosuke Kono Yohei Hasebe Keiichi Koizumi Minako Hoshiai Tomohiro Saito Sho Hokibara Koji Kobayashi Miwa Goto Tomoaki Sano Makoto Tsuruta Makoto Nakamura Sonoko Mizorogi Masanori Ohta Mie Mochizuki Hiroki Sato Hiroshi Yokomichi Takeshi Inukai
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20210132, (Released:2021-09-04)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
9

Background: Kawasaki disease is suspected to be triggered by previous infection. The prevention measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have reportedly reduced transmission of certain infectious diseases. Under these circumstances, the prevention measures for COVID-19 may reduce the incidence of Kawasaki disease.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using registration datasets of patients with Kawasaki disease who were diagnosed in all 11 inpatient pediatric facilities in Yamanashi Prefecture. The eligible cases were 595 cases that were diagnosed before the COVID-19 pandemic (from January 2015 through February 2020) and 38 cases that were diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic (from March through November 2020). Incidence of several infectious disease were evaluated using data from the Infectious Disease Weekly Report conducted by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases.Results: Epidemics of various infectious diseases generally remained at low levels during the first 9 months (March through November 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the incidence of COVID-19 was 50–80 times lower than the incidence in European countries and the United States. The total number of 38 cases with Kawasaki disease for the 9 months during the COVID-19 pandemic was 46.3% (−3.5 standard deviations [SDs] of the average [82.0; SD, 12.7 cases] for the corresponding 9 months of the previous 5 years. None of the 38 cases was determined to be triggered by COVID-19 based on their medical histories and negative results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing at admission.Conclusion: These observations provide a new epidemiological evidence for the notion that Kawasaki disease is triggered by major infectious diseases in children.
著者
Eiichi SUEHIRO Yuichi FUJIYAMA Miwa KIYOHIRA Yukari MOTOKI Junzo NOJIMA Michiyasu SUZUKI
出版者
The Japan Neurosurgical Society
雑誌
Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.2, pp.63-67, 2019 (Released:2019-02-15)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
3 12

d-dimer is a potential biomarker for the detection of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the mechanisms that trigger elevation of d-dimer in TBI remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of d-dimer in blood as a biomarker for TBI and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating its blood levels. Nine patients with moderate to severe isolated TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 7–13) were admitted to our hospital from May 2013 to June 2014. Blood samples were collected from systemic arteries on arrival and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after injury. Blood levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), d-dimer, and soluble tissue factor (sTF) were measured. NSE (33.4 ng/ml: normal <12.0 ng/ml) and d-dimer (56.1 μg/ml: normal <1.0 μg/ml) were elevated at admission and declined on day 1 after injury. At admission, there were significant correlations of d-dimer levels with NSE (R = 0.727, P = 0.026) and sTF (R = 0.803, P = 0.009) levels. The blood level of d-dimer accurately reflects the degree of brain tissue damage indicated by NSE levels. Our data suggest that release of sTF induced by brain tissue damage may activate the coagulation cascade, leading to elevation of d-dimer.
著者
RYOYU TAKEDA SHINPEI MORIMOTO KENZO UCHIDA TSUGUHIKO NAKAI MASAJI MIYAMOTO TETSUJI HASHIBA KOHEI YOSHIMITSU KYUNG SU KIM UMEO MIWA
出版者
The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌
Endocrinologia Japonica (ISSN:00137219)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.26, no.5, pp.541-547, 1979 (Released:2011-01-25)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
15 24

We describe the natural recovery from the aggravated hypertension, hypokalemia and suppression of the renin-aldosterone axis after the glycyrrhizin discontinuation in two mild hypertensive women aged 71 and 68 years, who had been administered 273 to 546mg glycyrrhizin daily for 1.5 and 6 months, respectively, for the treatment of liver disease. About one month after the glycyrrhizin discontinuation, acceleration of hypertension, hypokalemia and suppression of the renin-aldosterone system still continued in both patients. At this stage, sodium restriction resulted in the normalization of blood pressure with weight loss and the subsequent sodium repletion produced a rapid increase in blood pressure to hypertensive levels observed before sodium restriction, with weight gain. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone were low and did not respond to sodium restriction. Inappropriately excessive amounts of potassium were also excreted in the presence of hypokalemia. About one and a half months later, the improvements of aggravated hypertension, hypokalemia and suppressed renin-aldosterone system gradually occurred in both patients. Sodium restriction performed about three months later in case 2 no longer produced the changes in blood pressure and body weight. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone responded subnormally to sodium restriction.These results demonstrate that both patients had a prolongation of the syndrome resembling primary aldosteronism except the low plasma aldosterone level about one month after the glycyrrhizin discontinuation. The possible mechanisms by which this prolongation was caused are discussed.
著者
Miwa Ono Satoshi Nakatani Keiji Hirooka Masakazu Yamagishi Kunio Miyatake
出版者
Japanese Society of Echocardiography
雑誌
Journal of Echocardiography (ISSN:13490222)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.1, pp.8-14, 2003 (Released:2005-07-08)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
2 2

OBJECTIVES: Mitral valve closure produces a flow which propagates through the left atrium (LA) to the pulmonary vein (PV) and forms a small flow reversal (C wave) on the PV flow pattern. We examined whether propagation of mitral closure flow into LA might reflect LA compliance in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).METHODS: We recorded PV flow velocity pattern using transesophageal echocardiography in 73 patients with AF. They were divided into 3 groups according to the estimated severity of LA damage; almost normal (Group I, 16 patients with lone AF), mildly damaged (Group II, 23 patients), and severely damaged LA function (Group III, 34 patients). C wave peak velocity (CV), the time from Q wave on ECG to the C wave peak (QC) and QC divided by LA long-axis diameter (QC/LAD) were obtained. Of the study population, in 18 patients with mitral stenosis who underwent percutaneous mitral valvotomy, mean LA compliance was calculated by dividing cardiac stroke volume by systolic rise in LA pressure.RESULTS: QC and QC/LAD proportionally prolonged as the disease severity increased (QC; 84±23 vs. 93±21 vs. 107±27 ms, p<0.01, QC/LAD; 1.44±0.32 vs. 1.47±0.32 vs. 1.79±0.55ms/mm, p<0.05 for Group I, II and III, respectively). QC and QC/LAD showed significant negative correlations with mean LA compliance (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Propagation of a flow into LA produced by mitral closure may provide new noninvasive indexes to assess LA compliance in patients with AF.
著者
Yoshinori TAKAMI Hitoshi KOIEYAMA Nobuo SASAKI Takumi IWAI Youki TAKAKI Takehiro WATANABE Yasutsugu MIWA
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.3, pp.435-440, 2021 (Released:2021-03-11)
参考文献数
25

Urolithiasis is a disease often seen in tortoises at veterinary hospitals, however there have been no comprehensive research reports of tortoises with urolithiasis in Japan. In this study, we analyzed tortoises diagnosed with urolithiasis at three domestic veterinary hospitals. Based on medical records, we assessed the diagnostic method, species, sex, body weight, dietary history, husbandry, clinical signs, clinical examination, treatment for urolithiasis, and clinical outcome. The total number of cases in the 3 facilities was 101. As for species of tortoises, the most common was the African spurred tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) with 42 cases (41.6%), followed by the Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans) with 30 cases (29.7%). Six other species were confirmed to have calculi. Almost all cases (99 cases, 98%) had a single calculus, and only 2 had multiple calculi. The prevalence of urolithiasis for the total number of tortoises having visited to one institution during the same period was 5.1%. Of the 86 cases that underwent calculi removal, 64 (74.4%) were successfully removed via the vent, and the efficacy of this method was confirmed. Nineteen cases (22%) were approached via plastronotomy, among which only 2 died postoperatively. In this study, we could not clarify the relationship between calculi formation and diets or other husbandry factors.
著者
Akiko Yaguchi-Saito Ken Yamamoto Tami Sengoku Machi Suka Tsugumichi Sato Miwa Hinata Toshiaki Nakamura Takeo Nakayama Michiko Yamamoto
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics (ISSN:18817831)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2021.01028, (Released:2021-04-30)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2

Since 2011, pharmaceutical companies in Japan have been required to issue two types of documents regarding severe adverse drug reactions reported post-marketing, namely the Rapid Safety Communication Materials for Patients and the Related Materials. However, the adequacy of these documents has not yet been systematically assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of these two types of materials. The Rapid Safety Communications for Patients were obtained from the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) website. The Related Materials were obtained from pharmaceutical companies or the PMDA website. Three assessors independently scored the Rapid Safety Communication for Patients and the Related Materials using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clear Communication Index (CCI). In addition, the contents and descriptions of the materials were analyzed. In total, 13 materials for seven drugs were assessed. Almost all materials contained the "main message" and "call to action". However, the average CCI scores for the Rapid Safety Communication for Patients and Related Materials for Patients were 68.8 and 74.3 (out of 100), respectively. Further, none of the evaluated materials were scored above the CCI threshold score (i.e., ≥ 90%). Descriptions regarding "language", "state of science", and "risk" were not adequate. In particular, the terminology used in materials seemed difficult for patients to understand. In conclusion, the Japanese Rapid Communication Materials for Patients require improvement. Furthermore, a system for evaluating these materials prior to publication should be established.
著者
三輪 眞木子 仁科 エミ 黒須 正明 高橋 秀明 柳沼 良知 廣瀬 洋子 秋光 淳生 Makiko Miwa Emi Nishina Masaaki Kurosu Hideaki Takahashi Yoshitomo Yaginuma Yoko Hirose Toshio Akimitsu
出版者
放送大学
雑誌
放送大学研究年報 = Journal of The Open University of Japan (ISSN:09114505)
巻号頁・発行日
no.32, pp.101-111, 2014

本研究は、面接授業「初歩からのパソコン」の受講で習得した放送大学生のデジタル・リテラシー・スキル(以下「DLスキル」)の定着状況把握を目的に実施した。この授業を2010年度2学期から2013年度1学期の間に受講した在学生に2013年11月に郵送アンケートを実施した。調査結果は、DLスキルの種類により、定着したもの、低下したもの、向上したものがあること、DLスキルの定着には、受講生の年齢、受講生のパソコン・インターネットの利用頻度が影響を及ぼしていること、DLスキルの向上とパソコン・インターネット利用頻度の間に相関があること、DLスキルの定着には、受講生のその後の学習方法が影響を及ぼしていることを示した。受講直後から本調査の期間に低下したDLスキルについて、授業後のスキル活用の機会を増加させる必要性が示唆された。また、定着効果のあるテレビ授業「遠隔学習のためのパソコン活用」の受講と同好会等への参加を促す必要性が示唆された。
著者
Yoshinori TAKAMI Hitoshi KOIEYAMA Nobuo SASAKI Takumi IWAI Youki TAKAKI Takehiro WATANABE Yasutugu MIWA
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.20-0315, (Released:2021-01-21)

Urolithiasis is a disease often seen in tortoises at veterinary hospitals, however there have been no comprehensive research reports of tortoises with urolithiasis in Japan. In this study, we analyzed tortoises diagnosed with urolithiasis at three domestic veterinary hospitals. Based on medical records, we assessed the diagnostic method, species, sex, body weight, dietary history, husbandry, clinical signs, clinical examination, treatment for urolithiasis, and clinical outcome. The total number of cases in the 3 facilities was 101. As for species of tortoises, the most common was the African spurred tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) with 42 cases (41.6%), followed by the Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans) with 30 cases (29.7%). Six other species were confirmed to have calculi. Almost all cases (99 cases, 98%) had a single calculus, and only 2 had multiple calculi. The prevalence of urolithiasis for the total number of tortoises having visited to one institution during the same period was 5.1%. Of the 86 cases that underwent calculi removal, 64 (74.4%) were successfully removed via the vent, and the efficacy of this method was confirmed. Nineteen cases (22%) were approached via plastronotomy, among which only 2 died postoperatively. In this study, we could not clarify the relationship between calculi formation and diets or other husbandry factors.
著者
陳 非非 寺井 仁 1.2 三輪 和久 CHEN 1 Feifei TERAI 1.2 Hitoshi MIWA 1 Kazuhisa
雑誌
SIG-ALST = SIG-ALST
巻号頁・発行日
vol.B4, no.03, pp.83-88, 2015-02-27

This study discussed effects of individuals' impulsiveness and deliberation on decision-making behavior. Our research questions are as follows: (1) Does impulsiveness relate to risk-taking behavior in decision-making? (2) Do impulsiveness and deliberation affect distinctiveness in decision-making? In the experiments, participants were required to choose from two options: a gambling option with a probability of winning and a sure option. When the sure option was selected, participants obtained the presented amount of hypothetical money surely. When the gambling option was selected, the amount of hypothetical money obtained was determined by chance (the probability was presented on a pie chart). The results are as follows. First, participants with high impulsiveness tended to overestimate objective probability more than those with low impulsiveness. Second, when decision time was restricted, participants with high impulsiveness could not clearly discriminate between changes in probability. This tendency of participants with high impulsiveness when decision time was restricted improved when they were told that focusing on a series of selection results would obtain an optimum result.
著者
澤 敬子 手嶋 昭子 藤本 亮 TEJIMA Akiko 藤本 亮 FUJIMOTO Akira 南野 佳代 MINAMINO Kayo 三輪 敦子 MIWA Atsuko
出版者
京都女子大学現代社会学部
雑誌
現代社会研究 (ISSN:18842623)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.131-150, 2004-11

本稿は、科学研究費補助金基盤研究(C)( 1 )「ジェンダー法学のアカウンタビリティー ―アメリカの先駆者たちに見るその軌跡―」の2003年度の成果の一部であり、現実の法実施状況のなかで、ジェンダーをめぐる理念、法理論、問題設定などが持ちうる具体的な射程、可能性、問題性について、法社会学研究者を中心とした研究者らが各人の研究領域に引き寄せて検討し確認するための予備的研究である。第Ⅰ章は、女性の地位の向上やジェンダー平等に向けた取り組みのなかで、条約が大きな役割を果たしている状況を概観する。第Ⅱ章は、日本における強姦罪の問題点のうち、被害者の「抵抗」の問題を取り上げ、日米を比較しつつ検討する。第Ⅲ章は、労働規制法が暗黙に想定する労働者像を明らかにしたうえで、「人たるに値する生活」の現代的意義の考察の基礎づけを行う。第Ⅳ章は、アファーマティヴ・アクションが持つ一側面を米国大学スポーツのあり方を手がかりに検討する。