著者

IKEDA Shin S.

出版者

GRIPS Policy Research Center

雑誌

GRIPS Discussion Papers

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15-04, 2015-05

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Historical data of system prices and traded quantities of electricity over the 48 half-hour intra-daily intervals in the Japan Electric Power Exchange are analyzed. Viewed as a panel dataset of the 48 different commodities in 7 different markets (days of a week) or 336 different contracts over 288 weeks, the data allow me to compute two representative measures of illiquidity, namely, Amihud's price-impact measure and Roll's implied spread cost measure from November 2006 to April 2012. These measures are based on the absolute weekly returns of each of 336 contracts divided by the corresponding volume of traded electricity, and on the first-order serial covariance of weekly returns, respectively. Two measures closely comove but they contribute to the returns in different magnitudes, suggesting that each of them captures both common and distinctive aspects of illiquidity in the JEPX market. Once the lagged returns are controlled for in a dynamic panel framework, the influence of price-impact measures on returns dominate that of spread measures. The price-impact measure and traded volume contribute the return variations in opposite signs, i.e., positively and negatively. It suggests that the assessment of illiquidity requires a careful treatment of these confounding factors.

著者

愼 蒼宇 Shin Chang-U

出版者

法政大学大原社会問題研究所

雑誌

大原社会問題研究所雑誌 (ISSN:09129421)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.668, pp.1-5, 2014-06-25

著者

Takashi Watanabe Yuki Hayashi Akiko Aoki Shin Ishiguro Mikito Ueda Kazufumi Akiyama Kazuko Kato Yoshimasa Inoue Shoko Tsuchimine Norio Yasui-Furukori Kazutaka Shimoda

出版者

日本臨床精神神経薬理学会

雑誌

Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Therapeutics (ISSN:18848826)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.5-15, 2015 (Released:2015-03-13)

参考文献数

39

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Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of CYP2D6 polymorphism, and particularly CYP2D6*10 alleles, on the steady-state plasma concentrations of mirtazapine (MIR) and its metabolite N-desmethylmirtazapine (DMIR) in Japanese psychiatric patients.Patients and Methods: The subjects were 75 Japanese patients treated with racemic MIR. The steady-state plasma concentrations of MIR and DMIR were measured using liquid chromatography. The CYP2D6 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Three subjects whose plasma levels of MIR and DMIR were below the limit of detection were regarded as non-adherent and excluded, and 4 subjects having the CYP2D6*5 allele (CYP2D6*1/CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6*2/CYP2D6*5 (n = 3) and CYP2D6*5/CYP2D6*10 (n = 1)) were excluded from the analysis in order to eliminate the effect of the CYP2D6*5 allele. Accordingly, data from 68 subjects were subjected to analysis.Results: There were no significant differences in the plasma concentrations of MIR or DMIR (all corrected for dose and body weight) among different CYP2D6 genotypes. Multiple regression analysis also revealed that age affects MIR (corrected for dose and body weight) (p=0.079). Also, multiple regression analysis revealed that age correlated significantly to the plasma concentration of DMIR (corrected for dose and body weight) (p=0.026). Neither sex nor the number of CYP2D6*10 alleles were significant factors for either the plasma concentration of MIR (corrected for dose and body weight) or the plasma concentration of DMIR (corrected for dose and body weight).Conclusion: CYP2D6*10 polymorphism did not significantly affect the steady-state plasma levels of MIR and DMIR in Japanese patients, but age had a significant effect on the plasma levels of DMIR.

著者

池辺晋一郎作曲 池澤夏樹詩 = The orbit elevator : for voice and saxophone / Shin-ichiro Ikebe poem of Natsuki Ikezawa

出版者

全音楽譜出版社

巻号頁・発行日

2006

著者

Morimoto Daichi Walinda Erik Fukada Harumi Sou Yu-Shin Kageyama Shun Hoshino Masaru Fujii Takashi Tsuchiya Hikaru Saeki Yasushi Arita Kyohei Ariyoshi Mariko Tochio Hidehito Iwai Kazuhiro Namba Keiichi Komatsu Masaaki Tanaka Keiji Shirakawa Masahiro

出版者

Nature Publishing Group

雑誌

Nature Communications (ISSN:20411723)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, 2015-01-20

被引用文献数

72

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ポリユビキチン鎖のアミロイド様線維形成を発見 -神経変性疾患における脳内異常タンパク質凝集の形成機構解明に期待-. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2015-01-21.

著者

Kubota Shin

出版者

瀬戸臨海実験所

雑誌

PUBLICATIONS OF THE SETO MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY (ISSN:00372870)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1-3, pp.17-23, 1991-03-31

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Life cycle of Sarsia nipponica Uchida, 1927 was revealed through laboratory-culturing of specimens from the type locality, Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, .Japan. The morphology of its polyp, newly liberated medusa, and mature medusa was redescribed, stressing new character states observed in these developmental stages. The nematocyst complement and egg size of this species were described for the first time. The taxonomic evaluation of filiform tentacles, which were newly found in the present well-developed polyp, was particularly made.

著者

Ikeda Masahiko Komatsu Shin-ya Nakamura Yuichiro

出版者

公益社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.1106-1112, 2004

被引用文献数

43

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Using Ti-50Ta, Ti-50Ta-Sn and Ti-50Ta-Zr alloys, the effects of Sn and Zr additions on phase constitution in the solution treated and quenched state and aging behavior were studied by electrical resistivity and Vickers hardness measurements and X-ray diffactometry. All alloys were solution treated at 1173 K for 3.6 ks and then quenched into ice water (STQ). STQed specimens were isochronally aged at temperatures up to 1323 K in Ti-50Ta-Sn alloys and 1173 K in Ti-50Ta-Zr alloys. Shape recovery test was also performed in bent Ti-50Ta, Ti-50Ta-Sn and Ti-50Ta-Zr alloy specimens. In the STQed state, only reflections of orthorhombic α″ martensite were observed by XRD in Ti-50Ta and Ti-50Ta-4Sn alloys. In STQed Ti-50Ta-10Zr alloy, coexistence of α″ and β (bcc) phases were found by XRD. In STQed Ti-50Ta-8Sn and Ti-50Ta-20Zr alloys, only β phase was identified. In Ti-50Ta, Ti-50Ta-4Sn and Ti-50Ta-10Zr alloys, resistivity at liquid nitrogen temperature and resistivity ratio increased with isochronal aging up to a certain temperature. It is considered that these increases are due to reverse-transformation of α″ into metastable β phase. Shape-recovery test confirmed the shape memory effect of Ti-50Ta, 50Ta-4Sn and 50Ta-10Zr alloys.

著者

Seong-Gyu Ko Seung-Hee Koh Chan-Yong Jun Chang-Gyu Nam Hyun-Su Bae Min-Kyu Shin

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.10, pp.1604-1610, 2004 (Released:2004-10-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

25 56

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We performed this study to understand the molecular basis underlying the antitumor effects of Saussurea lappa, Pharbitis nil, Plantago asiatica and Taraxacum mongolicum, which have been used for herbal medicinal treatments against cancers in East Asia. We analyzed the effects of these medicinal herbs on proliferation and on expression of cell growth/apoptosis related molecules, with using an AGS gastric cancer cell line. The treatments of Saussurea lappa and Pharbitis nil dramatically reduced cell viabilities in a dose and time-dependent manner, but Plantago asiatica and Taraxacum mongolicum didn't. FACS analysis and Annexin V staining assay also showed that both Saussurea lappa and Pharbitis nil induce apoptotic cell death of AGS. Expression analyses via RT-PCR and Western blots revealed that Saussurea lappa, but not Pharbitis nil, increased expression of the p53 and its downstream effector p21Waf1, and that the both increased expression of apoptosis related Bax and cleavage of active caspase-3 protein. We also confirmed the translocation of Bax to mitochondria. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Saussurea lappa and Pharbitis nil induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells, and these effects are correlated with down- and up-regulation of growth-regulating apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes, respectively.

著者

Hideki Itoh Kotaro Oyama Madoka Suzuki Shin’ichi Ishiwata

出版者

日本生物物理学会

雑誌

BIOPHYSICS (ISSN:13492942)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.109-119, 2014 (Released:2014-12-17)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

5 18

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Temperature-sensitive Ca2+ dynamics occur primarily through transient receptor potential channels, but also by means of Ca2+ channels and pumps on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. As such, cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is re-equilibrated by changes in ambient temperature. The present study investigated the effects of heat pulses (heating duration: 2 s or 150 s) on [Ca2+]cyt in single WI-38 fibroblasts, which are considered as normal cells. We found that Ca2+ burst occurred immediately after short (2 s) heat pulse, which is similar to our previous report on HeLa cells, but with less thermosensitivity. The heat pulses originated from a focused 1455-nm infrared laser light were applied in the vicinity of cells under the optical microscope. Ca2+ bursts induced by the heat pulse were suppressed by treating cells with inhibitors for sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) or inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R). Long (150 s) heat pulses also induced Ca2+ bursts after the onset of heating and immediately after re-cooling. Cells were more thermosensitive at physiological (37°C) than at room (25°C) temperature; however, at 37°C, cells were responsive at a higher temperature (ambient temperature+heat pulse). These results strongly suggest that the heat pulse-induced Ca2+ burst is caused by a transient imbalance in Ca2+ flow between SERCA and IP3R, and offer a potential new method for thermally controlling Ca2+-regulated cellular functions.

著者

Nakagawa Takayuki Kumakawa Kozo Usami Shin-ichi Hato Naohito Tabuchi Keiji Takahashi Mariko Fujiwara Keizo Sasaki Akira Komune Shizuo Sakamoto Tatsunori Hiraumi Harukazu Yamamoto Norio Tanaka Shiro Tada Harue Yamamoto Michio Yonezawa Atsushi Ito-Ihara Toshiko Ikeda Takafumi Shimizu Akira Tabata Yasuhiko Ito Juichi

出版者

BioMed Central Ltd.

雑誌

BMC medicine (ISSN:17417015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, 2014-11-19

被引用文献数

74

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突発性難聴に対する新規治療法の有効性を報告. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2014-12-10.

著者

Shin'ichi Shiraishi

出版者

一般社団法人 情報処理学会

雑誌

Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.34-45, 2013 (Released:2013-01-15)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper presents two different model-based approaches that use multiple architecture description languages (ADLs) for automotive system development. One approach is based on AADL (Architecture Analysis & Design Language), and the other is a collaborative approach using multiple languages: SysML (Systems Modeling Language) and MARTE (Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded systems). In this paper, the detailed modeling steps for both approaches are explained through a real-world automotive development example: a cruise control system. Moreover, discussion of the modeling steps offers a qualitative comparison of the two approaches, and then clarifies the characteristics of the different types of ADLs.

著者

高野 久輝 井街 宏 YOON Shin Le CHEOL Sang K HAN Ik Jo KYUNG Phil S IN Seon Shin SEON Yang Pa BYOUNGーGOO M 妙中 義之 松田 武久 加藤 久雄 MIN Byoung-Goo

出版者

国立循環器病センター

雑誌

国際学術研究

巻号頁・発行日

1991

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完全体内埋み込み型人工心臓の駆動システム、さらには、生体医用材料の血液適合成に関し、日・韓両国のメンバ-が韓国が会し、討論を行った。以下に、討論された問題点にそって両国の現状をまとめる。1.駆動システム国立循環器病センタ-では、摩擦ポンプ(アクチュエ-タ)を正・逆転させる事で、シリコン油を左右交互に動かし血液ポンプを駆動させるエレクトロハイドロリック方式が採用されている。本システムの利点は、アクチュエ-タを血液ポンプと離れた位置に埋め込み可能で、従来開発をおこなってきた空気駆動型人工心臓がそのまま利用でき、またその胸腔内へのフィッティングを損なうことが無い。しかし、モ-タ-を正・逆転させる事による効率の低下が大きい点が、現在の欠点である。生理的状態に設定された循環回路を用いたテストでは、最大60回の心拍と5L/minの心拍出量が得られている。また、成山羊を用いた急性実験でもほぼ同等の結果が得られている。今後、アクチュエ-タのデザイン及びモ-タの改良を行い、効率を向上させる事が大きな課題である。東京大学では、ユニ-クなアイデアの埋め込み型人工心臓が開発されている。これは、一つの遠心ポンプに2つの3方弁を付け、更に、それぞれの3方弁に血液の輸入出ポ-トを取り付けたもので、3方弁を切り替える事で一つのポンプが両心室の機能を果たす。現モデルを用いたin vitroテストでは、5L/min程度の流量が証明されているが、一つのポンプを用いる事による動静脈血シャントやシステムの抗血柱性等が今後の課題である。ソウル大学では、2つの血液サックの間でアクチュエ-タを左右に動かし血液を駆動する、ペンデュラムタイプの埋め込み型人工心臓が開発されている。5頭の動物実験がすでに行われ、100時間の生存記録を得ている。本システムでは、アクチュエ-タと2つのサックがひとつのハウジングの中に収められており、ポンプのデサインの自由度が低い。このため、人体内での解剖的適合性に問題がある。2.材料表面での抗血柱性の獲得国立循環器病センタ-では、医用材料表面に血液が接した場合の内因性血液凝固系やカリクレイン・キニン系の活性化に関する研究が行われている。ビタ-ガ-ドの種子から、これらの系の活性化を阻害するインヒビタが見つけられており、人工臓器や体外循環に応用できる可能性がある。また、血液面だけでなく材料面からのアプロ-チも行われている。すなわち、光照射で開裂するフェニルアジド基を吸着させたい蛋白等に化学反応させ、本物質を目的とするポリマ-上で光照射により吸着させる技術の開発が行われている。様々なポリマ-、蛋白質に応用可能であり、人工臓器やバイオセンサへの応用が期待できる。ソウル大学では、より高い抗血柱性を獲得する為に、ポリウレタン表面を内皮細胞や蛋白分解酵素であるルンブロカイネ-スで被覆する研究が行われている。また、ペンデュラムタイプ人工心臓の血液室内での、流れと血柱形成の関係に関する研究も行われている。3.その他自然心では、左右心拍出量が数%異なるが、埋め込み型人工心臓においてこの左右差をいかに実現するかは、大きな問題である。国立循環器病センタ-では、心房内シャントを利用する事を考えている。東京大学のタイプの人工心臓では、3方弁の開閉の時間を変える事で比較的容易に実現できる。ソウル大学では、血液サックを2重にして外側のサックをペンデュラムに固着し、ペンデュラムの動きを非対称にする事と、さらにペンデュラム周囲のシリコン油と空気の量を調節する事で、左右差を実現しようとしている。人工心臓には機械弁を用いるのが現在の主流であるが、ソウル大学では、人工心臓と同じ材料のポリウレタンを用いた人工弁の開発と評価が行われている。製作コストが低い事が利点であるが、耐久性や石灰化の問題が今後の課題である。

著者

川井 啓市 劉 輝雄 施 壽全 楊 國郷 翁 昭紋 林 肇堂 王 正一 王 徳宏 渡辺 能行 山口 俊晴 土橋 康成 高橋 俊雄 CHUAN Shin-Shou YANG Kuo-Ching MIN Weng-Chao LIN Jaw-Town WANG Cheng-Yi WANG Teh-Hong LIU Hui-Hsiung 青池 晟

出版者

京都府立医科大学

雑誌

国際学術研究

巻号頁・発行日

1991

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十二指腸潰瘍が胃潰瘍よりも多く,かつ胃瘍が少ない沖繩県に隣接する台湾でも十二指潰腸瘍が胃潰瘍より多いといわれており,台湾における胃癌や大腸癌の実態を明かにし,その発生要因を検討するのが本研究の目的である。記述疫学的に死亡統計をみてみると,台湾では,男で胃癌の漸減傾向,直腸癌と結腸癌の増加傾向が,女で胃癌の減少傾向,結腸癌の漸減傾向,直腸癌の漸増傾向がみられたのに対して,日本では男で台湾と同様の推移が,女で胃癌が減少傾向,直腸癌が漸減傾向,結腸癌が増加傾向を示していた。また,日本では結腸癌の増加傾向が著しいが,台湾では過去15年間に一貫して結腸癌の方が直腸癌よりも高率であり,いわゆる欧米的なパターンを呈していたことが強調される。臨床統計として台湾大学医学院内科において1992年1年間に診断したすべての胃癌患者は男52例,女30例,合計82例であった。同様に大腸癌は男22例,女18例,合計40例であった。大腸癌の部位は結腸癌23例(男11例,女12例),直腸癌17例(男11例,女6例)と,男では結腸癌と直腸癌は同数であったが,女と合計では結腸癌の方が多かった。1990年1年間の京都府立医大・第一外学教室で新たに診療したすべての胃癌患者は男73例,女38例,合計111例であった。同様に大腸癌は男20例,女13例,合計33例であった。その部位は結腸癌15例(男8例,女7例),直腸癌18例(男12例,女6例)で,直腸癌の方が多かった。台湾におけるこれらの胃癌の組織型をみてみると,well differentiated adenocarcinoma10%,moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma15%,poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma45%,signet ring cell carcioma11%,その他9%不明11%であった。同様に台湾の大腸癌の組織型は,well differentiated adenocarcinoma 5%,moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma48%,poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma3%,詳細不明のadenocarcinoma38%,その他8%であった。このような組織型はわが国における実験と大差なかった。1991年12月より台湾大学医学院内科他3施設において内視鏡検査受診者に対するライフスタイルなどの調査を開始した。1993年1月末現在で上部消化管内視鏡検査受診者7856人と大腸内視鏡検査受診者589人分の資料を収集した。最終的に胃癌患者は約100例,大腸癌患者は約50例になる予定である。このうち,既に整理の終わった胃癌患者30例と大腸癌患者24例の資料を用いて分析疫学の症例・対照研究の手法で台湾における胃癌と大腸癌のリスク・ファクターの検討を行った。解析に用いた胃癌症例は男18例,女12例,合計30例である。対照は上部消化管内視鏡検査で著変なかった男47例,女156例,合計203例である。これらの対象の既往歴,癌の家族歴,飲酒,喫煙及び食餌習慣について性・年齢階級の絞絡を補正するためにMantel-Haenzel法によって各要因単独の暴露ありのオッズ比を求めた。その結果,統計学的に10%以上の有意水準で有意であった要因について,相互の絞絡を補正するために多変量解析のunconditional logistic regression analysisを用いて解析した。高血圧の既往があることとのオッズ比は0.02であり,香辛料を週に2-3回以上摂取することのオッズ比は0.07でともに有意に胃癌のリスを下げていた。同様に大腸癌症例男13例,女11例,合計24例と大腸内視鏡検査で著変なかった対照の男47例,女60例,合計107例について単独の要因について解析した。牛肉を週を1-2回以上摂取することは有意に大腸癌のリスクを0.30に下げ,塩からい食品を毎日摂取することは有意に大腸癌のリスク3.52倍高めていた。なお,大腸癌については少数例であり多変量解析は行えなかった。この結果の評価については,最終的に収集できた全胃癌症例と大腸癌症例を用いて行う予定である。また,背景の遺伝子の解析としてPGC RFLPパターンは台湾の胃潰瘍では前庭部と他部位で異なっていた。

著者

Ehab MOSSAAD Masahito ASADA Daichi NAKATANI Noboru INOUE Naoaki YOKOYAMA Osamu KANEKO Shin-ichiro KAWAZU

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.14-0391, (Released:2014-10-07)

被引用文献数

9

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Bovine babesiosis is a livestock disease known to cause economic losses in endemic areas. The apicomplexan parasite Babesia bovis is able to invade and destroy the host’s erythrocytes leading to the serious pathologies of the disease, such as anemia and hemoglobinuria. Understanding the egress mechanisms of this parasite is therefore a key step to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this study, the possible involvement of Ca2+ in the egress of B. bovis merozoites from infected erythrocytes was investigated. Egress was artificially induced in vitro using calcium ionophore A23187 and thapsigargin to increase Ca2+ concentration in the cytosol of the parasite cells. The increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration following these treatments was confirmed using live cell Ca2+ imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Based on our findings, we suggest a Ca2+ signalling pathway in the egress of B. bovis merozoites.

著者

Shin NAGAI Shinpei YOSHITAKE Tomoharu INOUE Rikie SUZUKI Hiroyuki MURAOKA Kenlo Nishida NASAHARA Taku M SAITOH

出版者

日本農業気象学会

雑誌

農業気象 (ISSN:00218588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.163-170, 2014 (Released:2014-09-10)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

6 10

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Long-term continuous phenological observation of cherry tree blooming is an important and challenging task in the evaluation of year-to-year weather and climate changes in spring in Japan. Here, (1) we performed daily field observations with a time-lapse digital camera in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan from January 2004 to December 2013; and (2) we detected year-to-year variations in the blooming phenology of Prunus sargentii by visual inspection of the images and by image analysis. We found that (1) the red digital numbers (i.e., the digital intensity values of the red pixels; DNR) extracted from the time-lapse digital camera images tended to peak in full bloom; and (2) the green excess index (GEI) (based on the red, green, and blue digital numbers) tended to be lowest in full bloom. These results indicate that DNR and GEI are useful for detecting the timing of full bloom in P. sargentii.

著者

Yon Guk-Hyon Buh Gyoung Ho Park Tai-su Hong Soo-Jin Shin Yu Gyun Chung U-In Moon Joo-Tae

出版者

Published by the Japan Society of Applied Physics through the Institute of Pure and Applied Physics

雑誌

Jpn J Appl Phys (ISSN:00214922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.2961-2964, 2006-04-30

被引用文献数

2 9

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Plasma doping and laser annealing are successfully integrated into the conventional p-metal–oxide–silicon field effect transistor (PMOSFET) process to form ultra shallow junction (USJ). Comparing with the conventional combination of ion implantations and rapid thermal annealing (RTA), junction depth ($X_{\text{J}}$) and sheet resistance ($R_{\text{S}}$) are reduced. Also, significant improvement of the short channel effects without the degradation of on-current is observed.

著者

森山 新 MORIYAMA Shin もりやま しん

出版者

お茶の水女子大学日本言語文化学研究会

雑誌

言語文化と日本語教育 (ISSN:09174206)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.3-3, 2010-07-10

著者

Onaka Hiroyasu Taniguchi Shin-ichi Igarashi Yasuhiro FURUMAI Tamotsu

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.127-138, 2003-01-23

被引用文献数

10 101

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The biosynthetic gene cluster for rebeccamycin, an indolocarbazole antibiotic, from Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243 has 11 ORFs. To clarify their functions, mutants with rebG, rebD, rebC, rebP, rebM, rebR, rebH, rebT, or orfD2 disrupted were constructed, and the gene products were examined. rebP disruptants produced 11,11'-dichlorochromopyrrolic acid, found to be a biosynthetic intermediate by a bioconversion experiment. Other genes encoded N-glycosyltransferase (rebG), monooxygenase (rebC), methyltransferase (rebM), a transcriptional activator (rebR), and halogenase (rebH). rebT disruptants produced rebeccamycin as much as the wild strain, so rebT was probably not involved in rebeccamycin production. Biosynthetic genes of staurosporine, an another indolocarbazole antibiotic, were cloned from Streptomyces sp. TP-A0274. staO, staD, and staP were similar to rebO, rebD, and rebP, respectively, all of which are responsible for indolocarbazole biosynthesis, But a rebC homolog, encoding a putative enzyme oxidizing the C-7 site of pyrrole rings, was not found in the staurosporine biosynthetic gene cluster. These results suggest that indolocarbazole is constructed by oxidative decarboxylation of chromopyrrolic acid (11,11'-dichlorochromopyrrolic acid in rebeccamycin) generated from two molecules of tryptophan by coupling and that the oxidation state at the C-7 position depends on the additional enzyme(s) encoded by the biosynthetic genes.

著者

Shinya Furukawa Shin Yamamoto Yasuhiko Todo Kotatsu Maruyama Teruki Miyake Teruhisa Ueda Tetsuji Niiya Takatoshi Senba Masamoto Torisu Teru Kumagi Syozo Miyauchi Takenori Sakai Hisaka Minami Hiroaki Miyaoka Bunzo Matsuura Yoichi Hiasa Morikazu Onji Takeshi Tanigawa

出版者

(社)日本内分泌学会

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ14-0206, (Released:2014-08-07)

被引用文献数

10 44

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Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is unknown whether common complications of type 2 diabetes, such as diabetic nephropathy, are also present with SCH. Here, we investigated the association between SCH and diabetic nephropathy among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we recruited 414 such patients who had no previous history of thyroid disease. Serum thyroid hormone levels and the urinary albumin:creatinine ratio were measured. SCH was defined as an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (>4.0 mIU/L), and diabetic nephropathy was defined as creatinine levels ≥300 mg/g. The prevalence of SCH was 8.7% (n = 36) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The SCH group had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (p = 0.008) and diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.014) than the euthyroid group. Multivariate analysis identified significant positive associations between diabetic nephropathy and SCH (odds ratio [OR], 3.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-10.0; p = 0.034), hypertension (OR, 4.56; 95% CI, 1.69-14.7; p = 0.001), and smoking (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.14-7.91; p = 0.026). SCH may be independently associated with diabetic nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

著者

Lee Su Ui In Hyun Ju Kwon Mi So Park Bi-oh Jo Minmi Kim Mun-Ock Cho Sungchan Lee Sangku Lee Hyun-Jun Kwak Young Shin Kim Sunhong

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.11, pp.1754-1759, 2013

被引用文献数

67

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G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) serves as a receptor for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), implicated in neutrophil migration and inflammatory cytokine production. However, the intracellular signaling pathway mediating GPR43 signaling remains unclear. Here, we show that β-arrestin 2 mediates the internalization of GPR43 by agonist. Agonism of GPR43 reduced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which was relieved by short interfering RNA (siRNA) of β-arrestin 2. Subsequently, mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, was downregulated by activation of GPR43 and knockdown of β-arrestin 2 recovered the expression of the cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that GPR43 may be a plausible target for a variety of inflammatory diseases.