著者

遠藤 由美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.5, pp.387-395, 1997-12-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 10

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Two studies investigated the tendency of people to enhance their close relationship and to efface oneself in front of their partners. In Study 1, 193 college students estimated the extent to which their best friendship is better than other's best friendship. Overall, they showed a strong tendency of enhancing own relationship; they rated their best friendship to be better than the average. Within the close relationship, however, they showed self-effacement; they rated their best friends, compared with themselves, in more positive way. In Study 2, 41 husband-wife couples attended as subjects. Again, they showed marital relationship-enhancement and relative self-effacement. Furthermore, their subjective happiness was mainely explained by own relationship enhancement. These results were discussed from several points.

著者

八田 武志 山本 真由美 広瀬 雄彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.308-313, 1990-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

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The right ear advantage in dichotic listening test for VCV word pairs was investigated using both longitudinal and cross-sectional methods with children whose age ranged from four to six. The degree of a right ear advantage and the population of those who showed a right ear advantage increased with age in the cross-sectional method. In the longitudinal method, however, the above findings could not be confirmed. These results suggest that the application of dichotic listening test may be inappropriate to young children.

著者

外山 美樹 長峯 聖人 湯 立 三和 秀平 黒住 嶺 相川 充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16321, (Released:2017-05-10)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8

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According to the regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000), when people engage in goal pursuit in a manner that fits their orientation (e.g., promotion/eager or prevention/vigilance), they experience regulatory fit and engage more strongly in the pursuit, leading to better outcomes. The present research investigated the influence of regulatory fit on performance by considering the type of performance (speed or accuracy) and the kind of regulatory fit (promotion/eager, or prevention/vigilance). In Study 1, 85 university students were induced to hold a promotion or prevention orientation. In Study 2, 90 university students were assessed for individual differences in regulatory orientation. The results indicated that speed performance was best when there was promotion/eager regulatory fit, whereas accuracy performance was best when there was prevention/vigilance regulatory fit. These findings suggest that the performance effects of regulatory fit are not identical, but differ according to the types of regulatory fit.

著者

上島 淳史 亀田 達也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16328, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

25

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Recent research has revealed neuro-cognitive commonalities between decisions for self and for others. However, very few direct comparisons have been made between decisions for self and others in the context of economic decision-making under risk. In this study, we compared gambling decisions for self and others using a withinparticipants design. We manipulated the level of uncertainty involved in acquisition of seed money for gambling to explore its potential role in mediating risky decisions. The results revealed that participants were significantly more risk-averse when making decisions for others than for self, and this behavioral difference was stronger when the seed money for gambling was obtained with certainty. Moreover, additional analysis using the Social Value Orientation scale (Van Lange, Otten, De Bruin, & Joireman, 1997) revealed that the “individualistic” participants made the self-other distinction more clearly than the “prosocial” participants, indicating that a participant’s socialvalue orientation plays a role when making risky decisions for others.

著者

桃田 茉子 浅野 良輔 永谷 文代 宮川 広実 中西 真理子 安田 由華 柴田 真理子 橋本 亮太 毛利 育子 谷池 雅子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16215, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3

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This study sought to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (J-BRIEF). In this study, BRIEF was administered to evaluate executive function in everyday life in 91 subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; ages 12–15; 72 boys) and 2,230 community samples (CS; ages 12–15; 1,083 boys). For this purpose, we applied categorical confirmatory factor analysis, which revealed that the scale was composed of two factors and eight subscales of the high test-retest stability. Reliability was confirmed using an external criterion (ADHD-Rating scale: ADHD-RS). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an optimal cut-off of 118.5 (sensitivity = 0.811, specificity = 0.828). This study confirmed the reliability and the validity of J-BRIEF.

著者

丸山 淳市 藤 桂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.15076, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the effect of humor in the workplace, focusing on the bidirectional relationship between behavior by managers and expressions of humor by their subordinates. Japanese employees (n = 565) responded to questionnaires addressing their managers’ style of leadership, humor expressed by employees in the workplace, their feelings about humor, the workplace atmosphere, and perceived job performance. Of the subjects, 315 reported that there was a subordinate who expressed humor in their workplace. Covariance structural analysis revealed that a leadership style involving supporting subordinates and maintaining group harmony promoted expressions of humor by subordinates, and such behaviors resulted in a workplace atmosphere that prioritized employee relationships by promoting positive feelings. The cooperative atmosphere promoted supportive leadership, as well as job performance. We discuss the role of humor in the workplace in regard to the bidirectional influence between leadership and subordinates.

著者

山本 哲也 杉森 伸吉 嶋田 洋徳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.17-25, 2010 (Released:2010-08-13)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 4

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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of smiling expression on cognitive and emotional processes during the introduction of negative mood and cognition by self-focused attention. The mechanisms underlying such effects were also examined, with reference to Interacting Cognitive Subsystems framework (Teasdale & Barnard, 1993). We induced the self-focused attention for all 33 participants but the timing and type of facial expressions manipulated differed among three conditions: control condition (required to move the facial muscles which are unrelated with smiling), buffer condition (required to “smile” before the self-focused attention), and attenuation condition (required to “smile” after the self-focused attention). The results showed that the negative mood was increased in the control group while it was decreased in two experimental groups. Furthermore, the positive mood was decreased in the control group, and increased in the buffer group. The contents of spontaneous thought during experiment were more positive among two “smile” conditions than control condition. These results suggest the importance of smiling before and during negative self-focused attention.

著者

菅原 健介

出版者

学術雑誌目次速報データベース由来

雑誌

心理學研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.134-140, 1986

被引用文献数

1 10

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Public self-consciousness involves two contrasting attitudes toward self-presentation-exhibitionism and shyness. The purpose of this study was to explore the distinctive motivational states which mediate these two attitudes. This paper consists of two researches. 395 undergraduates (207 males, 188 females) participated in the former study and 452 undergraduates (288 males, 164 females) participated in the latter one. The first study employed a factor analytic technique and results pointed to the existence of the following two motivational states-(1) acquiring praise and (2) avoiding rejection-both of which were positively correlated with public self-consciousness. "Acquiring praise" was also found to be related to exhibitionism but "avoiding rejection" was not. The later was found to be related to shyness. The second study revealed that both motivational states were related to a tendency to seek out and value the experience of participating in a social group. The implications of these findings for theories of self-consciousness and self-presentation were discussed.

著者

市村 賢士郎 上田 祥行 楠見 孝

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.241-250, 2017-08

著者

渡邊 寛

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.251-259, 2017-08

著者

渕上 克義

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.6, pp.335-341, 1987

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of status change on the powerholder's behavior and cognition (attribution) to their sub-leaders and subordinates. The experimental situations consisted of multistage power structures: one powerholder, four sub-leaders, and 16 subordinates. Instead of being delegated by the experimenter (as in experiment I), the subjects in experiment II were screened and elected as a powerholder. The results of experiment I and experiment II showed that; (1) The powerholders under status change condition attempted more to influence the high performing group (experiment I, II), (2) They highly evaluated their own contributions to the high performing group (experiment I, II), (3) They exercised more coercive power to the high performing group (experiment II), and (4) They gave more difficult tasks to the high performing group (experiment II) than the powerholders under non status change condition.

著者

利島 保

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.294-296, 2017-08

著者

曺 美庚 釘原 直樹

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.281-287, 2017-08

著者

松本 明生 平岡 恭一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.288-293, 2017

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<p>Impulsivity has been linked to traffic safety problems in many prior studies. However, it is not clear whether impulsivity, defined by the rate of discounting delayed monetary rewards, relates to drivers' problematic behavior. We investigated the relationship between the discounting of hypothetical monetary outcomes and near accident (i.e. hiyari-hatto) experiences during driving among occupational drivers. A total of 189 occupational drivers (160 men) completed the delay discounting questionnaire and hiyari-hatto experiences scale. In completing the delay discounting questionnaire, participants were asked to perform the two delay-discounting tasks, in which they chose between ¥100,000 or ¥5,000 available after some delay (from 1 month to 5 years) or a lesser amount of money available immediately. Subjective equivalence points were obtained from participants' choices on delay discounting questionnaires, from which the areas under the curve (AUC; Myerson et al., 2001) were calculated. The results indicated that the rate of discounting (AUC) was negatively correlated to near accident experiences. We discuss the need for future research on impulsivity, delay discounting, and traffic safety.</p>

著者

外山 美樹 長峯 聖人 湯 立 三和 秀平 黒住 嶺 相川 充

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.274-280, 2017-08

著者

渡辺 友里菜 吉崎 一人

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.267-273, 2017-08

著者

中谷 奈美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.14074, (Released:2015-11-10)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

4

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This study aimed to compare maltreating mothers and non-maltreating mothers on attributions and affects related to child behaviors. It also assessed how attributions predict affective and behavioral reactions to child behaviors. The study population comprised of a community-based sample of mothers with children aged 2 to 4 years (n = 238). Mothers’ attributions and affect were assessed using vignettes of child behavior. They also answered questions about their maltreating parenting behaviors and demographic factors such as childcare environments. Results highlighted that, as compared with non-maltreating mothers, maltreating mothers made more intentional and stable attributions to negative child behavior, and to report more anger and aversion. They also had a tendency to report less happiness toward positive child behavior. Additionally, path analyses documented a pattern of thinking-feeling-action linkages. It was revealed that attributions regarding children’s behavior influenced negative affect and that negative affect in turn predicted maltreatment. Finally, the usefulness of a cognitive approach to maltreating mothers, and the implications of the findings as a model for intervention are discussed.

著者

生和 秀敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.152-164, 1971-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

著者

元吉 忠寛 高尾 堅司 池田 三郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.1, pp.72-77, 2004-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

10 15

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This study examined the determinants of willingness to participate in a community-based disaster preparedness scheme. The theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977, 1980; Fishbein & AJzen, 1975) was applied as a basic model and was complemented by the factor of concern about disaster. A structural equation modeling was performed to validate this model. The hypothetical model was supported for the data from the residents (N=3036) of an area with a high risk of flood damage. It was clarified that the subjective norm and concern about flood positively contributed to the intention of participating in a community-based disaster preparedness scheme. The perceived cost of preparedness was the inhibitory factor of participating in such a scheme.

著者

若林 明雄 内山 登起夫 東條 吉邦 吉田 友子 黒田 美保 バロン-コーエン サイモン ウィールライト サリー

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.6, pp.534-540, 2007-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 15

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The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) children's version has confirmed reliability and validity in the UK. In the current study, the children's AQ was administered in Japan to investigate whether the UK results are found in a very different culture. Two groups of children from primary and secondary schools were assessed: Group 1 (n=81) children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD, including Asperger Syndrome and high-functioning autism); Group 2 (n=372) randomly selected controls, age-matched with Group 1. The children with ASD had a mean AQ score of 31.9 (SD=6.69), which was significantly higher than controls (mean AQ=11.7, SD=5.94). Males scored significantly higher than females in the control group, but not in the ASD group. The pattern of difference between the Japanese clinical group and the control group was remarkably similar to the findings in the UK.