著者

川原 布紗子 吉田 拓矢 野中 愛里 谷川 聡

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.77-90, 2021 (Released:2021-02-13)

参考文献数

35

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of decision making under a light stimulus on movement during a change of direction (COD). Twelve male soccer players performed 2 types of lightbased backward agility test (BAT): normal condition and pre-planned condition (BAT-PP). Their motions were videotaped using 2 high-speed cameras operating at 300 Hz for three-dimensional motion analysis. The time, step parameter, and each kinematic variable were compared to determine the differences between the BAT and BATPP. The results showed that the times for 5–13 m and 0–13 m in the BAT were slower than those in the BAT-PP. The velocity of the center of gravity at the lowest point of the velocity in the BAT was lower than that in the BATPP. During the pre-COD phase, the body inward lean angle, shoulder rotation angle, and pelvis rotation angle were all smaller in the BAT than in the BAT-PP. At the COD foot contact, foot placement in the left-right direction was shorter and knee flexion was greater in the BAT than in the BAT-PP. Furthermore, hip flexion during the deceleration phase, and shoulder and pelvis rotation during the acceleration phase were larger in the BAT than in the BAT-PP. Overall, these results may indicate that players who performed the BAT were required to maintain a posture that allowed them to turn to the left or right until the presentation of the light stimulus; therefore, their bodies were upright, and their trunks were facing the direction of approach before COD. Moreover, the knee joint flexed with a short distance to the left of the COD foot placement, the velocity of the center of gravity decreased with hip flexion, and the trunk rotated significantly to a new direction in the BAT.

著者

山口 志郎 押見 大地 福原 崇之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.13-32, 2018-06-10 (Released:2018-06-20)

参考文献数

121

被引用文献数

12 2

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Japan will host the 2019 Rugby World Cup, the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, and the 2021 Kansai World Masters Games. To ensure the success of these events, understanding each event’s impact is extremely important for governments and organizing bodies. However, the structure and influencing factors of event impact are poorly understood in Japan, despite research on event impacts conducted previously in western countries. Additionally, no previous studies in Japan have ever attempted to review and evaluate the literature on event impact. The present study reviewed the literature on the impact of sporting events. Event impact in a sports context can be divided into 3 categories based on the Triple Bottom Line approach (Fredline et al., 2005), namely (1) the economic impact, (2) the social impact, and (3) the environmental impact. For our systematic review, data were selected through electronic searches of several computer databases (SPORT Discus with Full Text, Science Direct, CiNii, and Google Scholar). Based on the studies by Deery and Jago (2010) and Deery et al. (2012), this review focused on 3 aspects: 1) the construct of impacts, 2) the theoretical approach, 3) methodology and 4) the relationship with other constructs. The main conclusions were as follows. First, with regard to economic impact, positive impacts included effects on employment, infrastructure that helped in development and improvement, and increased investment. However, negative impacts were also confirmed, including price increases, construction costs, crowds, and social issues. Second, with regard to social impact, positive impacts mainly included cultural development, awareness and image improvement, new opportunities, increased interest in different cultures, and so on. Negative impacts included increased traffic jams, rising crime rates, and an increase in prostitution. Third, with regard to environmental impact, positive impacts included motivation for conserving the environment and historical buildings, promotion of environmental education, conservation of resources and ecosystems, and environmental improvement for sustainable development. Negative impacts included the destruction of the environment. This research has highlighted practical implications and areas for future study for the development of event impact in Japan.

著者

冨永 哲志 土屋 裕睦 豊田 則成

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.723-740, 2020

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Using a qualitative approach, the present study of college soccer players (N=9) was conducted to clarify the psychological impact of scoring or losing points in additional time (AT). The participants had all played in official games in which their teams had scored or lost points in AT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect narrative data, which were then analyzed by applying the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. The results suggested that before points had been scored or lost in AT, the players were in an unstable psychological state as they reached their mental and physical limits, and used emotion to evaluate their situational superiority or inferiority. In the case of scoring points, this situation created an intensified urge to become aggressive in order to maintain the team's superiority, encouraging the players to attack more strongly. On the other hand, in the case of losing points, this situation triggered an impulsive urge to defend excessively and become passive, trying to defend the goal further while becoming subordinate to the opposing team. Based on the major findings of this research, 3 points were discussed: 1) the psychological state before scoring or losing points in AT, 2) the psychological state when scoring or losing points in AT, and 3) the metamotivational state of players in AT.

著者

舩先 康平 白井 克佳 岡田 幸彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21072, (Released:2021-11-24)

被引用文献数

1

著者

林 陵平 苅山 靖 吉田 拓矢 図子 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.575-587, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3

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The purpose of this study was to identify the ground reaction force and joint kinetics in the lower extremity during the catch phase of the clean exercise through comparison with the pull phase. Eleven male track and field athletes performed the power clean from the floor with loads of 30%, 60%, and 90% of 1RM (One Repetition Maximum). Kinetic data were collected from data recorded using a Vicon motion system (250 Hz) and force platforms (1,000 Hz). The results of the analyses were as follows:  1) In the catch phase, force development was similar to that of the pull phase because the peak ground reaction force was not significant during the 2 phases.  2) The joint kinetics in the ankle and knee joints were larger during the catch phase than during the pull phase.  3) During the power clean, force development was achieved mainly by concentric muscle contraction during the pull phase and by eccentric muscle contraction during the catch phase.  4) The ground reaction force and joint kinetics were significantly different during the catch phase.  These results show the differences in load characteristics in the lower extremity between the pull and catch phases during clean exercise. Therefore, not only the pull phase but also the catch phase should be considered when performing the clean exercise in weight training.

著者

劉 暢

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.251-264, 2018-06-10 (Released:2018-06-20)

参考文献数

41

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The present study investigated the historical transition in the shape of the character “武”, which appears in both Japanese budo (武道) and Chinese martial arts (武術). A review of related studies conducted in Japan and China revealed that previous studies had focused mainly on the original shape and original meaning of “武”and transitions in its usage. Therefore this study can be considered to complement previous research on the character “武”. The study mainly analyzed the shape of“武”in Jia Gu Wen (inscriptions on animal bones and tortoise carapaces, 甲骨文), Jin Wen (inscriptions on ancient bronze objects, 金文), seal script (篆書), the Chu character (楚 文字), clerical script (隷書) , and regular script (楷書) through carved stones, tombstones, bamboo slips and other related material. The main results were as follows. ・ The earliest representation of “武”in Jia Gu Wen appeared in the Wu Ding (武丁) period (1250 BC), while the earliest “武” in Jin Wen appeared in the Di Xin (帝辛) period (1075―1046 BC). In both Jia Gu Wen and Jin Wen, the character “武” consists of 2 parts: “戈” and “止”. In Jia Gu Wen, the “戈” part is located above “止”, whereas in Jin Wen “戈” is located on the right upper side of “止”. ・ From seal script to clerical script, the character “武” changed to a great extent. Such a change is referred to as clericalization (隷変). Therefore, the Chu character, which was written on a bamboo slip by hand around the Zhan Guo period (475―221 BC), was used to identify the consistent shape of the character of “武”. Specifically, most of the curve stroke of “止” and “戈” became a straight line and the third stroke of “戈” dwindled, while the positions of “止” and “戈” were slightly changed. ・ From clerical script to regular script, the character “武” changed further, especially in the “戈” component. Specifically, the second stroke of “武” changed from curved to straight. Another change was that the 1st and 7th strokes in “武” became separated from each other. Chinese martial arts began to exhibit an atheistic aspect from the Tang dynasty (618―907). The changes that appear in regular script for “武” shows fading of the recognition that “武” is made up of “止” and “戈”, as well as that “戈” represents “weapon” or “combat”. These are considered the reasons why the shape of “武” changed after the Tang dynasty.

著者

安永 明智 谷口 幸一 徳永 幹雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.173-183, 2002-03-10 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

9 6

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本研究では,地域の高齢者209名を対象に,QOLの重要な構成要素である主観的幸福感に運動習慣が及ぼす影響について,心理社会的変数を加えて,その関係性を明らかにしていくことが目的であった.以下のような結果が得られた.1)運動習慣は,特に後期高齢者において,社会的自立因子,健康度自己評価,家族サポート,主観的幸福感で有意に肯定的な影響を及ぼすこと.2)運動習慣はADLを維持すること,そしてADLを維持していくことは,健康度自己評価やソーシャルサポートを高め,そのことが主観的幸福感に影響すること.3)これらの結果から,運動習慣が主観的幸福感に及ぼす影響は,ADLやソーシャルサポート,健康度自己評価を通した間接的な影響であることが推察された.なお,本研究は,地方小都市である一地域を対象に実施したものである.したがって,地域的なバイアスが諸変数に及ぼす影響も考えられる.今後,都市部などを含んだ様々な地域を対象に同様な調査を繰り返し,共通性を明らかにしていく必要があるであろう.また,横断的な分析であるために,因果関係までは言及することができなかった.今後は,縦断的な調査方法を用いて,因果関係を明らかにしていくことを課題としたい.

著者

鈴木 秀人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.409-427, 2021

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Hirobumi Daimatsu was a legendary sports coach in Japan, especially after coaching the Japanese women's national volleyball team ("the Oriental Witches") that won the World Championship in 1962 and the gold medal in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games.<br> He was famous for his extreme training methods and had a great influence on coaching methodologies for Japanese sports as a whole. Although many studies have examined his way of thinking from various perspectives, the relationship between his war experiences and his approach to coaching has not been analyzed sufficiently. The present study aimed to examine how Daimatsu's first-hand war experiences ("keiken") developed into his coaching beliefs ("taiken"), focusing specifically on a theory created by Yoshida that war veterans' understanding of their experiences had been changing over time from when they re-entered society and grew older. Yoshida made this transformation clear by referring to 5 periods since the end of the Second World War in 1945.<br> Firstly, many demobilized soldiers including Daimatsu had to face civilians who hated the Japanese military just after defeat. They lost their morale, from 1945 to around 1950 could not talk about the military or the War. Secondly, even after former professional officers and wartime politicians had been rehabilitated, the veterans themselves still found it difficult to positively address some topics related to the War in the 1950s.<br> Thirdly, the generation that had experienced the War who shouldered the responsibility of reconstruction from the destruction and devastation gradually gained confidence and became able to talk about their wartime experiences. Some of them discovered a positive meaning in their own experiences on the battlefield from the late 1950s to the late 1960s. Daimatsu was a typical example of the third period because he spoke clearly about the positive meaning of his war experiences.<br> Penultimately, in the 1970s and 1980s, that generation of Japanese became able to accept the responsibility for the War, especially in Asia, and to gradually acknowledge the negative aspects of their experiences. Finally, in the 1990s, a small number of survivors chose to disclose tragic stories that had not come to light previously.<br> Thus, Daimatsu was only one of a generation that had experienced the War and who became recognized as a spokesman for many of that generation who held common feelings.

著者

縄田 亮太 石井 泰光 前田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.111-122, 2013 (Released:2013-06-08)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of different ball distances on the upper and lower limbs for the overhand pass in volleyball. Eleven male college volleyball players participated. The subjects performed the overhand pass toward objects located at three different ball distances (3, 6, and 9 m) on two force platforms, and motion analysis was performed via a motion capture system comprising 12 high-speed video cameras.The following results were obtained: (1) As the ball distance increased, the maximum dorsal flexion angular velocity of the wrist decreased, whereas the length of the pull phase, the vertical peak force on the rear leg, the maximum extension angular velocity of the hip and knee, and the maximum plantar flexion angular velocity of the ankle all increased. Therefore, adjustment of the ball distance for the overhand pass was facilitated by changing the impulse of the ball caused by increasing the intensity of both the rear leg step and the wrist stiffness. (2) In the previous instructional manual, the buffer action for the falling ball during overhand passing was facilitated by flexion of the whole body. However, in this study, the buffer action was facilitated conducted only with the upper limb irrespective of the ball distance. From the viewpoint of the series of movements during overhand passing, the whole body was used in the period from flexion to extension, but the flexion action of the whole body was incorporated into the preparatory phase, and the buffer did not involve the lower limbs after ball contact.This difference between the previous instructional manual and the present findings are attributed to the imprecise definition of movement phases in the manual.

著者

竹﨑 一真

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.687-704, 2019

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In postwar Japan, the United States (US) could be viewed as Japan's "significant other." The US had a considerable cultural impact on Japan and was responsible for alterations in postwar Japanese identity. Of particular importance was the influence of the US on the popular view of body form. The postwar restructuring of Japan's national identity included the adoption of new views of the body as a result of US influence. This study investigated the culture of male beauty/body (bodybuilding) that emerged in Japan during the postwar period of occupation, and revealed how "male beauty" consciousness was generated in relation to nationalism by focusing on (1) the social context in which "male beauty/body culture" emerged and (2) the changes in conceptions of masculinity and body consciousness. This analysis yielded the following results:<br> (1) Bodybuilding emerged in the social context of the occupation/reconstruction period and from a masculine crisis of male feminization in Japan. It was developed by the Japan Bodybuilding Association (JBA) as part of a movement to create "new Japanese men".<br> (2) However, bodybuilding was criticized as being feminine, linked to homosexuality, and leading to a useless "Hercules-type" body.<br> (3) In response to this criticism, the JBA shifted its aim from the acquisition of a burly, Herculean build to one of a healthy and functional ("Hermes-type") body that represented harmony between the body and the spirit. The aim of this shift was to gain legitimacy for bodybuilding as a masculine act.<br> In addition to these aims in trying to help create "new Japanese men", the JBA also intended to legitimize male bodybuilding culture within a national context, seeking to popularize and expand its activity by criticizing the American "Hercules-type" body while promoting the "Hermes-type" body preferred in Japan. In this way, discourse concerning the legitimacy of male beauty/body (bodybuilding) culture developed in conjunction with nationalism, and created an important forum for consideration of the ideal Japanese male body form.

著者

小澤 哲也 金沢 翔一 長野 康平 浅川 孝太 中村 和彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20092, (Released:2021-05-28)

著者

渡辺 一志 辻 幸治 米山 富士子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.405-411, 1993-03-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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In archery, highly reproducible release is required during shooting to get a good score.Shooting in archery consists of eight different techniques. The last phase of these techniques is follow-through, which all eight have in common. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the muscle activity at follow-through and performance. In ten healthy archery club members, we recorded the muscle activity of six regions from both sides of M.deltoideus (pars acromialis), M. trapezius (pars ascendens), M. trapezius (pars descendens) by means of electromyogram. Integrated electromyograms of 1 second each at the aiming phase and the follow-through phase were calculated in order to evaluate this technique. The results obtained in this study were: 1) The skilled archers sustained high level (above 80%) muscle activity in the follow-through phase. 2) A significant correlation (r=0.791 r<0.05) was observed between the muscle activity on the draw side and the best score in a single round.3) The performance in archery was effected by the continuation of muscle activity in the shoulders, the neck and the back at follow-through. The continuation of muscle activity in the draw side seemed to be especially significant for archery performance.

著者

大峰 光博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20144, (Released:2021-05-12)

著者

岡田 悠佑

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20142, (Released:2021-03-04)

著者

阿江 数通 小池 関也 川村 卓 中島 亮一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.135-149, 2019-06-17 (Released:2019-06-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the lower limbs in relation to the rotation movement of the body based on the moment of the ground reaction force. Twenty-two male collegiate baseball players (age: 19.8 ± 1.3 yr, height 1.75 ± 0.04 m, body mass 73.9 ± 6.2 kg, athletic career:12.1 ± 2.1 yr) participated. They performed baseball tee-batting, set at middle ball height for the strike zone. Threedimensional coordinate data were acquired with a motion capture system (Vicon-MX), and ground reaction force data for both legs were acquired with 3 force platforms. High and low groups (HG and LG) were categorized by the mean peak moment around the vertical axis of the body’s center of gravity caused by the ground reaction force. The period analyzed was that from stride-side foot contact with ground until ball impact, and 2 phases were defined as follows: backward phase, stride-side foot contact with ground until the peak moment of the ground reaction force; forward phase, the end of the backward phase until ball impact. Statistical analysis was conducted using an independent t-test between HG and LG (p <0.05), and the effect size was calculated (small: d = 0.2; middle: d = 0.5; high: d = 0.8). In the backward phase, the flexion angle of both hips was greater in the HG than in the LG at event1 (pivot-side: d = 0.74; stride-side: d =0.97). The abduction angle of the pivot-side hip was significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (stride-side foot contact with ground: d = 0.94; peak moment of the ground reaction force: d = 1.44). In the forward phase, the external rotation angle of the pivot-side hip was significantly greater in the HG than in the LG (d = 1.02), which contributed to the inter-group difference in the internal rotation angle at the instant of stride-side foot contact. These results indicate that the motions of both hip joints acted to rotate the whole body around the vertical axis effectively. The knowledge obtained from this study should provide useful suggestions and insights into coaching for movements of the lower limbs in order to improve batting performance in relation to the rotational movement of the body.

著者

高橋 和孝 篠原 秀典 吉田 拓矢 浅井 武

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20076, (Released:2021-04-06)

著者

笠野 英弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20096, (Released:2021-02-23)

著者

川村 卓 島田 一志 高橋 佳三 森本 吉謙 小池 関也 阿江 通良

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0812080087, (Released:2008-12-10)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

25 4

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The purpose of this study was to analyze three-dimensionally two groups of baseball strikers, i.e. high and low swing speed groups, and to compare the kinematics of their upper limb motion. Sixteen skilled male strikers were videotaped with two synchronized high-speed video cameras operating at 200 Hz. One trial in which the maximum bat head speed was achieved was selected for each subject and digitized to obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the segment end-points and the bat using a DLT technique. Subjects were divided into High (n=8) and Low (n=8) groups according to the bat head speed. The angles compared between the two groups were abduction-adduction, horizontal abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation for both shoulders, flexion-extension for both elbows, supination-pronation for both forearms, radius-ulnar flexion, and dorsi-palmar flexion for both hands. The sequential data were normalized with the time from the point when the speed of the grip was over 3 m/s to the ball impact, and then averaged.

著者

林 直亨 宮本 忠吉

出版者

社団法人日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.1, pp.137-143, 2009

被引用文献数

4

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To investigate the effect of resistance training at lower than the recommended frequency (2&ndash;3 times a week) on muscular strength, we recruited 103 college students (67 males 61&plusmn;8 kg, 36 females 51&plusmn;4 kg, mean&plusmn;SD) who had never regularly engaged in resistance training. They performed resistance training in a PE class once a week for seven to ten weeks. We measured one repetition maximum (1 RM) for the bench press and arm curl, and the girth of the thigh and upper arm before and after the training. The training included stretching, three sets of ten repetitions on a bench press, half squat lift, arm curl and three types of training chosen by each subject. The weight load was 10 RM, which was progressively increased; when the subject succeeded in lifting a load ten times at the first set, the load was increased in the following week. After the training period 1RM was increased by more than 10% compared with that before training, for either the bench press or the arm curl, in all subjects. The 1 RM for the bench press significantly increased from 46&plusmn;9 kg to 54&plusmn;9 kg in males, and from 22&plusmn;4 kg to 28&plusmn;5 kg in females, and that for the arm curl also increased significantly. No significant change was found in the girth of the thigh and upper arm. On the other hand, 49 male students who undertook softball in a PE class did not show any significant change in 1 RM after the eight-week control period, compared to that before the period. These results demonstrate that resistance training at a frequency lower than the recommended one increases muscular strength in college students, possibly through adaptations in the nervous system.

著者

出口 順子 長谷川 健司 清川 健一 菊池 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20065, (Released:2020-11-18)