著者

田中 睦子 河野 健治 花輪 剛久 鈴木 正彦 中島 新一郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.152-156, 2002-04-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

12

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Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) was reported to dissolve from a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) administration tube during the infusion of an injection fluid containing a solvilizing agent, soybean oil or lecithin, etc. This paper describes the behavior of DEHP dissolution from PVC tubes during enteral tube feeding. The DEHP concentration was determined using HPLC. After the passage the ENSURE LIQUID® (EL) solution through the PVC tube, DEHP was dissolved in the EL solution. The EL solution is one type of enteral nutrition. This dissolution pattern was similar to that of injection fluid containing a solvilizing agent, in which the DEHP concentration in the EL solution increased linearly over time at first and thereafter reached a plateau. 170 μg of the DEHP was dissolved after 200mL of the EL solution had passed through the PVC administration set (the drip conditions were 25°C, 100mL/hr, tube length 115cm and inner diameter 0.3cm). The amount of DEHP which dissolved into the solution depended on the temperature (25-40°C), and no clear difference was observed between the PVC tubes (administration tube, feeding tube). In addition, the amount of DEHP that dissolved into the solution varied depending on the type of enteral nutrition.

著者

小池 香代 江崎 哲夫 樋田 治夫 矢崎 蓉子 水野 裕之 竹内 敏明 前田 徹 大橋 千草 荒川 由佳 長崎 淳 黒田 純子 服部 隆宏 浅野 知子 近藤 勝弘 丹村 貴之 山田 芳敬 野間 秀一 藤田 幸子 長谷川 信策

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.116-125, 2002-04-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

19

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In Nagoya City University Hospital, a two-week training program for senior students in pharmacy training was carried out up until 1999. The large majority of senior students took a passive role in this pharmacy training course and therefore did not understand that importance of such training. Therefore, the pharmacy training period was extended from two-weeks to four-weeks in 2000. We thus evaluated what differences there were after the training was increased from two-weeks to four-weeks.The four-week training program was found to increase student motivation toward the pharmacy training. Our survey concluded that approximately 69 % of all senior students were interested in pharmacy training and 75% of senior students understood the role of the pharmacist. In addition, 87% of senior students had an improved image of pharmacists after the new pharmacy training. The reason for such an increase was that the senior students gained a better understanding of the reasons for training and also obtained practical experience in pharmaceutical care. These findings suggest that the four-week training program with self-learning exercises was useful for normally passive senior students. It also enabled hospital pharmacists to make an even greater contribution to the pharmacy training program.

著者

長谷部 啓子 矢田 眞理子 石井 文由

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.144-151, 2002-04-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

23

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Due to an emergency warning from a pharmaceutical company, we evaluated the procedure of providing drug information to medical staffs. The warning was made regarding DEHP, which is a plasticizer of PVC eluted in etoposide injections, and intravenous transfusion sets made from PVC are used in such injections. We tried to determine whether or not any leaching of DEHP occurred during etoposide injection. Moreover, we investigated the properties of DEHP, the mechanism of DEHP leaching from PVC, and also inspected other medicines that may also have leaching of DEHP in PVC administration sets. As a result, no clinical evidence was found to support this urgent notice. However, passing through several years, related information became gradually clear. Therefore, in the information asked for quick offer, it was suggested that gradual and continuous information service becomes indispensable especially.

著者

高良 恒史 大西 憲明 橋詰 勉 金澤 治男 横山 照由

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.57-62, 2002-02-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

5 5

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In 1996, the Department of Clinical Pharmacy at the Education and Research Center of Kyoto Pharmaceutical University was established to enrich the education program of pharmaceutical health care and sciences, and to also be used as a pre-training program for undergraduates before taking part in externships at hospitals or pharmacies. In the following year, the training center of clinical pharmacy (a simulated pharmacy) was also founded, and has since been used for the practical training of pharmaceutical health care and sciences for third-year undergraduate students. We herein describe our findings of an unregistered questionnaire survey of the undergraduate students' view, while also evaluating and discussing the effectiveness of this training program.Almost all students considered undergoing the practical training to be useful and necessary for them, because their scores before and after the training were 4.24 and 4.56 points on a scale of 5 point maximum, respectively. The students also evaluated each part of the training program, with mean values before and after the practice 3.75-4.01 and 3.70-4.39, respectively. The students did voice various opinions regarding the practical training program. Consequently, the students are satisfied with the practical training programs at present, however, we will have to continually improve such programs to better meet the students needs.

著者

千葉 薫 宮崎 勝巳 板谷 幸一 佐藤 誠二 高橋 保志 松原 和夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.41-46, 2002-02-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

6

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Hospital pharmaceutical preparations (HPP) are used in patients whose complications are not well controlled by the commercially available drugs or injections. The use of HPP is effective when HPP are proposed through clinical pharmacy services. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate the use of HPP and then was sent to 49 hospital pharmacies who belong to the Hokkaido Association for Hospital Pharmaceuticals.As a result, 32 institutions replied to questionnaire, thus indicating a recovery rate of 65%. HPP, including mixtures of injectable drugs, were used at 30 out of 32 institutions. According to the questionnaires, 11 hospitals manufactured 24 HPP which were used during clinical pharmacy services. Half of these preparations were used to care for adverse symptoms, such as stomatitis, induced by the cancer chemotherapy.The use of HPP prepared by clinical pharmacy services is closely related to patient's symptoms. The practical use of HPP is not only considered to improve drug compliance and the QOL of patients, but are also thought to enhance the general capabilities of pharmacists in clinical pharmaceutical practice.

著者

梅村 雅之 伊東 亜紀雄 鍋島 俊隆

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.16-21, 2002-02-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

17

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In hematopoietic cell transplantation, amphotericin B (AMPH) syrup is widely used for the prevention of local fungal infections in the intraoral and gastrointestinal tracts. However, the dosage compliance tends to be poor due to its unpleasant taste. We therefore developed a candy preparation for AMPH in order to improve compliance. In this study, we examined the thermostability, stability under storage and the dissolution pattern of AMPH in this preparation. The oral contents of AMPH after administration in the candy preparation were also measured in healthy volunteers. A low calorie sweetener was heated to melt and cooled down to several temperatures (150-190°C). After cooling, AMPH syrup or powder grinding tablets were added (9 mg/ 3 g/piece : the final contents). The results of a thermostability examination show that AMPH was not affected at 150°C, however, it tended to be damaged at higher temperatures. When one piece of AMPH candy preparation was administered for 30 sec to healthy volunteers, the oral concentration of AMPH is higher than 100μg/mL for 10 min, which is more than the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Candida albicans. Furthermore, the results of a texture test using healthy volunteers indicate that the taste, i.e., flavor, feel on the tongue, etc of the candy preparation made from syrup was superior to that made from powder. These results suggest that a sufficient oral concentration of AMPH to prevent fungal infection was obtained in this candy preparation. As a result, this candy preparation may improve not only the dosage compliance but also the QOL of the patients.

著者

二神 幸次郎 西原 茂樹 定金 典明 谷口 律子 荒木 博陽 川崎 博巳 五味田 裕

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.589-593, 2001-12-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

5 5

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During a three-week long practical training program for pharmacy students at our hospital, senior pharmacy students had a one-day observation of pharmacists performing new drug investigations. Using a questionnaire survey we investigated whether the observation of the work of clinical research coordinator (CRC) influenced the student's understanding of the new drug investigation procedures. The observation of CRC's work consisted of counseling/interviewing prior to the doctor's consultation and visiting a clinical laboratory to observe new drug investigations. The items evaluated were impressions of the clinical investigation of new drugs, precautions for preparing investigational drugs, understanding the new Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines and other important aspects in the clinical investigation. Each group consisted of 26 students. Only 10 out of 26 students observed counseling/interviewing before the doctor's consultation with CRC. The impression of the clinical investigation procedure in group I, which observed the CRC's work was more favorable than in group II, which did not observe it. The understanding of the important aspects of the clinical investigation procedures in group I was markedly better than in group II. We thus consider that the observation of the CRC work is very useful for students not only to learn new drug investigation procedures, but also to understand the meaning of the new GCP guidelines.

著者

川口 進一 名徳 倫明 下村 一徳 乾 とし子 陶山 忠士 土師 久幸

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.565-570, 2001-12-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 3

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To facilitate mutual understanding between doctors and nurses, prevent errors, and assure quality control in the mixing intravenous drip solutions at Ikeda Municipal Hospital, the Department of Pharmacy manages changes in the mixing of solutions and provides appropriate information for drug use. We mix solutions for intravenous injection under uniform standards and also set up a satellite pharmacy to perform these functions in April 2000. This satellite pharmacy accepts prescriptions for manual intravenous injections and manages two laminar air follow cabinets and a laminar flow biological safety cabinet. A ward trial was started in April, another ward was added in June and all wards were included in October 2000. We mix solutions for intravenous injection from Monday till Friday, based on prescriptions received the previous day, from four divisions. The hours of operation are from 10 : 00 Am to 8 : 00 Pm excluding weekends and holidays. The preparation of anticancer and narcotic drugs is not performed by the satellite pharmacy. We mixed 60 to 70 bottles of intravenous injections per day, over a six-month period. Of the intravenous injections mixed, about 70 percent were mixed by the Department of Pharmacy. 95.3 percent were used, 1.8 percent diverted, 2.9 percent were not used.

著者

福岡 恵理子 鎌田 志乃ぶ 中島 克佳 折井 孝男 中村 均 佐藤 均 伊賀 立二

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.523-530, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 1

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In the University of Tokyo Hospital, the reentry of data, the re-output of documents, the transfer of data by hand writing, etc. has to be routinely carried out in each department, because there is no compatibility in the related work between the systems and generated information.In this study, we developed a medication management system to share drug-requesting information generated inside the hospital with medical wholesalers who introduced the Value Added Network (VAN) -ordering system, and evaluated the usefulness of this system by sending questionnaires to those who are working in the wholesale, clinical wards, and office work sections.The developed medication management system unified a series of information on the request-to-order processing of medicine between the hospital and wholesalers, the warehousing processing in the pharmacy department, the supply processing for the clinical wards, and the expenditure processing of purchased medical supplies. In addition, the system was designed to work with the LAN of our hospital information system under the environment of Windows NT®.In the investigation on the introduction situation of the computer for the drug wholesalers, 14 out of 16 companies (88%) introduced a computerized system to receive orders. Moreover, 12 out of 14 companies (86%) replied with “it is useful” regarding the usefulness of the system. On the other hand, in clinical wards, 41 out of 55 (75%) replied with “the requesting process has become more convenient by using this system”. In office sections, the time needed to process orders was drastically shortened from approximately 20 to 5 minutes on average.By utilizing this newly developed medication management system, it became possible to share the drug-requesting information originally generated in the clinical wards with the pharmacy department and office work section in the hospital and the medical wholesalers ; therefore, we find this system to be a useful supporting system for the proper management not only for hospitals but for medical wholesalers as well.

著者

中村 均 藤沼 由江 松元 美香 大谷 道輝 小瀧 一 内野 克喜 伊賀 立二

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.491-494, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 1

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In the present study, we investigated the effect of inter-individual variation and dispensing experience as a factor of variation when mixing digoxin powders.Sixteen of the post-graduate trainees (non-experienced group) who entered the Department of Pharmacy, University of Tokyo Hospital in April 1996, and had no dispensing experience with powders, and six pharmacists (experienced group), who had individually amassed 3 to 5-years of dispensing experience, participated in our study.The mean CV values (n=3) of the digoxin contents in the experienced group were 2.7% on the first experiment, 2.7% on the second and 2.5% on the third. Eight of the non-experienced group members produced a CV of less than 6.08% in all experiments. However, the CV values generated by the other eight members of the non-experienced group exceeded the standards of good mixing, and in addition, wide variations were observed. The eight above described trainees had received 3 weeks of training, and, when the mixing experiments were performed again, the registered CV values were less than 6.08% in all experiments.These results showed that, even in the case of digoxin powders requiring a high degree of mixing, good mixing was obtained under our proposed mixing conditions in half of the trainees with no dispensing experience, and in addition, good mixing was generally obtained after all had received 3 weeks of training.

著者

末松 文博 湯川 栄二 峯本 正夫 湯川 美穂 大戸 茂弘 樋口 駿 後藤 良宣

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.426-431, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The steady-state concentrations of digoxin at trough levels were studied to establish the role of infant characteristics in estimating the doses for digoxin based on routine therapeutic drug monitoring data. The data (n = 340) which showed a steady-state after repetitive oral administration in 147 hospitalized infants were analyzed using NONMEM, a computer program designed to analyze the pharmacokinetics in study populations by allowing for the pooling of data. An analysis of the pharmacokinetics of digoxin was accomplished using a simple steady-state pharmacokinetic model. The effects of a variety of developmental and demographic factors on the clearance of digoxin were investigated. Estimates generated using NONMEM indicated that the clearance of digoxin (L/hr/kg) was influenced by the demographic variables of age, the daily dose, serum creatinine, the presence or absence of congestive heart failure, and the coadministration of spironolactone in infants. The interindividual variability in the clearance of digoxin was modeled using proportional errors with an estimated coefficient of variation of 30.2%, while the residual variability was 28.2%.

著者

倉田 なおみ 小松 千絵 平藤 彰 森 義明

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.461-472, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

16 21

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Drugs prepared by pharmacist may sometimes clog the nasogastric tubes, gastrostomy tubes or jejunostomy tubes during drug administration. As a result, such drugs were examined regarding their possibility of clogging. Consequently, 11% of the capsulated drugs (89 drugs) could not be used with tubes due to the fact that they did not come in a dispenser that can be used with tubes. In addition, 15% of the drugs clogged the thin tubes (8Fr.). 7% of the fine granules and granules (94 drugs) could not be used with tubes, 10% of them clogged the thin tubes.On the other hand, in order to decrease the amount of loss due to crushing the tablets, as well as to prevent health hazards, the tablets were dispersed in water. Experiments were performed to obtain data on the disintegration of the tablets in the water. As a result, 74% of 514 tablets were found to be appropriate for administration using this method, and this rate was higher than for crushable tablets (53%).The results were complied and the list of the drugs that could be successfully administered by feeding tubes was made. Accordingly, the problems in crushing were solved and tube clogging could thus be successfully prevented thus resulting in an improved QOL for the patients.

著者

臼田 章則 巽 恒治 岡本 能弘 西田 幹夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.480-490, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 1

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A surveillance by questionnaire was conducted among pharmacists in a community pharmacy in Nagoya City, regarding their home health-care activity. The surveillance consisted of 115 regular pharmacists, of 104 pharmacy-stations, and 409 patients at home. The items in the questionnaire were divided into the following three major parts :1. To examine the current home-care activities by pharmacists, the length of stay, the contents of patient treatment and the conversation-time between a patient and a pharmacist were queried. The average stay of most pharmacists ranged from 10-19 minutes per visit. During this period, the ratio of pharmaceutical treatment and nurse-type care was approximately 50% for each. The conversation took place longer with home-helpers and patient than with patients alone.2. To examine the grade of pharmaceutical activity at home, to identify the person in charge of controlling medicines, evaluate compliance for medication, the extent of knowledge on medicines, and the amount of remaining medicines were queried. In many cases, helpers controlled medicines, rather than the patients themselves. The names and indications were poorly memorized, but the dosages were well understood by patients. The amounts of remaining medicines tended to be longer at the homes of patients living alone than for those with helpers.3. The causes of complaints from patients and the comments and/or appeals from patients and either their families or visiting care-providers were queried to determine what pharmacists can do to improve the situation. A substantial number of questions were related to pharmaceutical affairs such as the indications, adverse effects and drug interactions, followed by queries on diseases. In addition, numerous complaints about the difficulties of working as a home helper and problems in the human relations between patients and helpers were also expressed.The information thus obtained revealed that the home-care activities conducted by a pharmacist are still not satisfactory regarding the welfare of home-care patients, thus indicating that there is large room for improvements in the pharmaceutical home-care functions of pharmacists. The evidence obtained in the present investigation can hopefully provide a clue for pharmacists and patients to consider the present status of mutual home-care activities in order to improve the pharmacist' s role in home-care.

著者

谷口 美保子 漁和 佳子 八木 敬子 平井 みどり

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.473-479, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

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Japan has many pharmacists who are professionally active in the clinical field, pharmaceutical companies, scientific research and government agencies. The public however, knows little about their work. To remedy this situation pharmacists need to publicize their activities, especially to those outside the world of medicine. Although pharmacists need to be able to gather and disseminate information on pharmaceuticals, there are few courses offering skills in communication or presentation at the institutes where they are educated. Particularly among young people, better information on drugs and health is essential in order to prevent adverse effects of drugs and drugs abuse, which might also lead to an overall savings in healthcare costs.We designed a drug information program for high-school students in which a pharmacy student gave lectures on drug usage, food and health, smoking, drug abuse, menstruation and the low-dose birth control pill. The high-school students, many of whom were found to have deficient knowledge of drug use and health care, wanted more accurate information about drugs and health and were very enthusiastic about the lectures. At the same time it was an educational experience for the pharmacy student to give lectures on healthcare to school-age students. It is hoped that this program will contribute to a more positive public perception of the profession of pharmacists.

著者

大石 雅子 勝浦 正人 片岡 和三郎 黒川 信夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.452-460, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 1

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The prevention of endotoxin (ETX) contamination is important for manufacturing injections. As a result, the concentration of ETX in injections has been recently regulated in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. In this study, ETX in 8 injections prepared at a hospital pharmacy were measured and the removal of ETX by filtration using a charged membrane filter (CMF) made of Nylon 66 (Zetapor®, CUNO) was evaluated. ETX was automatically measured with a Limulus test employing a turbidmetric kinetic assay (Toxinometer®, WAKO). ETX in H2SeO3 and MnCl2 injections were measured without dilution but others need to be diluted to eliminate any interference with the reaction. In particular, the ZnSO4 injection was diluted 2000 times. In the preparations, only 1 % indigocarmin injection showed 0.311 EU/mL of ETX.In a preliminary evaluation, CMF removed ETX completely in the non-electrolytic solutions such as glucose. However, in electrolytic solutions like NaCl, the filtration efficiency of CMF was suggested to decrease by some factors such as the concentration of electrolytes, the pH of the solution and the origin of ETX. In 0.9% NaCl solution to which the control standard ETX was added, the recovery rate of ETX using CMF was 0.3-2%. In 10% NaCl solution, the recovery rate was 37-47% under the same conditions, but it became 75-79% when another origin of ETX was added. In the actual process of preparations, ETX was found in 1 % indigocarmin injection, but it was not found in them when CMF was used. ETX was not removed by a usual filter membrane without any charging and not inactivated completely by steam sterilization. Therefore, filtration using CMF was found to effectively remove ETX together with steam sterilization.Filtration using CMF is thus considered to be a simple and effective method for maintaining a good quality of injections prepared at hospital pharmacies.

著者

並木 徳之 湯浅 宏 石倉 豊昭 永田 文子 鐘ヶ江 穣

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.419-425, 2001-10-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

31

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The gummi base, investigated demonstrates a color change (browning) during long periods of storage, which is considered to be caused by the Maillard reaction between sugars and gelatin. This change poses a problem in guaranteeing the quality of pharmaceutical medicines in hospital. Therefore, the starch syrup and sugar, components which caused the browning reaction in the gummi base, were replaced by hydrogenated maltose starch syrup which has no aldehyde as a functional group in the structure. The new gummi base using hydrogenated maltose starch syrup displayed fewer color changes than the gummi base so far at 35°C for 2 months. These results suggest that replacing the sugar in the gummi base by sugar alcohol increases the stabilization in the appearance of the gummi base during long periods of storage while still maintaining suitable sweetness and texture.

著者

山本 武史 山本 和宜 木村 福男 吉田 哲也 山崎 富士子 西村 篤弘 中原 優 内田 豊 石本 敬三 神谷 晃

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.406-413, 2001-08-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

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According to the guidelines of Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists, pharmacists should prepare medicine bags or labels for dispensing injectable medicines. However, it is not easy to establish a new system for printing these bags and labels quickly and efficiently all hospitals. At the moment many hospitals seem to let nurses write the information by hand directly on the transfusion bottles. This involved the risk of serious accidents due to miscommunication between pharmacists and nurses. Because we established a successful advanced system to achieve a maximum output with a minimum effort, its effectiveness is herein reported. We prepared labels using the data of our audit manual for the dispensing of injectable medicines. These labels included essential comments and information for both doctors and nurses. It takes 60-120 minutes to creating labels for 60 to 90 inpatients, while some additional time is needed to double check of the labels. As a result, this system has increased our workload by one and half times. In contrast to our increased workload, clear printed letters and useful comments and information has contributed to a decrease in the workload of the nurses in the ward. This cost effective, efficient system has received high acclaim from the staff members of other departments, and strongly confirms the role of pharmacists as risk managers. We now intend to further improve this system for proper dispensation of injectable medicines more properly and efficiently in the future.

著者

足立 哲夫 原 宏和 平野 和行

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.386-391, 2001-08-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

2 2

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All students in the 4 th year at our university, perform 4 -week training in pharmaceutical health care practice (practical training in hospital pharmacy and community prescription pharmacy). We carried out a consciousness survey of 149 students who received training at a community prescription pharmacy. A questionnaire on the interest in community prescription pharmacy work revealed the reply, “the training arouse my interest” in 58% of the students who wish to work in hospital after graduation and in 60% of those who wish to work in pharmacies but only in 49% of those who wish to work at pharmaceutical companies and in 40% of those who wish to go graduate schools. Among the types of work of community prescription pharmacy, those that particularly arouse student interest were “home medical care”, “patient compliance instructions” and “patient reception”. Interest in patient compliance instruction was frequently observed in students who wish to work in hospitals, home medical care and the sale of OTC drugs in those who wish to work in pharmacies, and DI work in those who wish to go to graduate schools.Concerning the questions about the image of community prescription pharmacies (or the work performance), students who felt a strong attitude of pharmacists toward their work showed more interest in training in community prescription pharmacies. To enhance the students' consciousness of practical training in community prescription pharmacy, the contents of training should be improved by evaluating the training items students wish to learn and adjusting by classifying the pharmacies requested to accept students for training.

著者

早坂 正敏 青柳 京子 木村 高久 牧原 剛 牧村 瑞惠

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.380-385, 2001-08-10 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 2

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We have developed a system for the automatic checking of drug interactions when physicians order drugs using prescriptions. This checking is based on drug interaction data obtained form the package insert, which includes not only contraindicated combinations but also cautions. As these data can be printed out, it is easy to pass on such drug information to patients.The system also has a function whereby contraindications are always shown on the screen, whereas administration cautions and other information may be optionally omitted, or included where necessary. Therefore physicians can also order excess doses of some drugs or certain interacting drugs by prescribing them under special circumstances. These items of information are indicated with an asterisk in the prescription and are also provided to community pharmacies through legal prescriptions.The system displays the referred data on an order screen without any reduction in the response time of the host computer. The average response time was 3 s for up to a total of 17 different prescription drugs, and 4 s for more than 17. The response time from 10 : 00 a.m. to 2 : 00 p.m., when the frequency of outpatient prescription orders is the highest, was about the same as during other periods.These results suggest that this system is useful for checking of drug interactions on prescription in three hospitals affiliated with our medical college.

著者

八島 加八 北本 真一 小笠原 康雄 沖川 正善 村上 直美 古川 なおみ 山崎 琢磨 馬場 逸志

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.298-302, 2001-06-10 (Released:2011-08-17)

参考文献数

5

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PCA (Patient Controlled Analgesia) by Fentanyl citrate is used as a method of pain control after orthopaedic surgery and NSAIDs is prescribed after PCA at Hiroshima City Asa Hospital. There are many cases in which the effect by NSAIDs is insufficient, even if the analgetic effect by PCA is sufficient. In addition, the use of Opioid's adaptation is limited, because it is designated as a narcotic in Japan. Thus we examined the analgetic effect, for the purpose of early rehabilitation, by relieving the pain that patients experience when moving their bodies by using Codeine phosphate tablets which are both effective and can be orally administered.Codeine phosphate 20mg tablets were administered at a dosage of 80mg just after PCA and thereafter 60mg every 4 hours until bedtime. Patients were next administered 80mg when they got up in the morning and 40mg of each every 3 hours until bedtime from the 2 nd day after the operation. We classified the analgetic effect of Codeine phosphate into 5 grades by using a face scale pain score.Codeine phosphate had no effect on the pain when the patients lay quietly in bed. However the pain score significantly decreased to less than 3 (painful) after operation after the administration of Codeine phosphate when they moved their bodies. The pain score on males decreased significantly in comparison with females. Accordingly, it seems that the administration of Codeine phosphate is an effective means to reduce pain when patients move their bodies after operations in the field of orthopaedic surgery.