著者

唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.172-179, 2006

被引用文献数

3

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This study explored the determinants of intent of primary caregivers to continue taking care of elderly family members. The exploration was guided by two previous lines of study, one arguing the additive effect of positive and negative aspects of caregiving, and the other arguing the effect of attitude towards family caregiving. Four hundred and forty-five family caregivers answered questions relating to depression, caregiving intent, attitude towards family caregiving, and positive and negative aspects of caregiving. Structural equation modeling revealed that attitude to wards family caregiving increased both depression and intent to continue family caregiving. It is argued that when constructing a support system for family caregivers one must consider the possibility of family members being trapped by their attitude towards family care.

著者

池内 裕美 藤原 武弘

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.92-102, 2000

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loss of material possession and social support network on QOL (Quality of Life). In this study, QOL was defined as "the subjective feeling of satisfaction or happiness" and was measured by "the grade of well-being" and "the state of mind and body health." Three hundreds and sixty-five victims of the Great Hanshin Earthquake(105 males, 256 females, and 4 undetermined sex) who lived at temporary houses in Nishinomiya City were asked to complete a questionnaire by personal interview method. The main findingswere as follows: (1) the victims who had lost their important possessions were higher in well-beingscore than ones that did not. On the other hand, the victims who had not lost them were higher inmind and body health score than ones that did. (2) The number of social support network had no effect on well-being score. But the victims who had a large number of social support network stended to be higher in mind and body health score than ones that had a small number of them.

著者

清水 裕 水田 恵三 秋山 学 浦 光博 竹村 和久 西川 正之 松井 豊 宮戸 美樹

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.1-12, 1997

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of our study on the 1995 Hanshin Earthquake was twofold. First, we investigated the operation of the relief shelters, including relief activities. In this part of the study, we focused on the leaders of the shelters. The second purpose of this study was to reveal factors contributing to the effective management of the shelters. About three weeks after the Hanshin Earthquake, we conducted interviews with 32 leaders of the relief shelters and of volunteer workers. We were mainly concerned with the conditions of the emergency facilities, how leaders were selected and what managerial problems they faced. The result of our study showed three types of motivation for becoming leaders. The first occurred naturally as an outcome of their activities; the second by their own choice; and the last because of their regular job positions. These results were analyzed and categorized by the type three quantification analysis. We found that the most effective management of the relief shelters was under leaders chosen by the last method; that is, those who held positions of leadership in their regular jobs.

著者

安原 彰子 竹原 卓真

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.9-15, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-07-31)

参考文献数

21

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The social support hypothesis posits that emotional crying has a social function in eliciting support from others and is said to occur regardless of gender, culture, location, or emotional valence. However, if the crying behavior is perceived as having the intent to manipulate others, support is predicted to be inhibited; nevertheless, this has not been verified in practice. Therefore, in this study, we used a scenario to manipulate the presence or absence of crying behavior and the intentionality of crying behavior to test this prediction (n=44). The results demonstrated that when crying behavior was perceived as intentional, anger emotion was significantly higher, and support intention was significantly lower compared to not-crying and not-intentional crying, supporting the prediction. The results of this study indicate that not all types of crying elicit support, suggesting that there are exceptions to the social support hypothesis.

著者

松島 公望 林 明明 荒川 歩

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.39-49, 2019-11-30 (Released:2019-11-30)

参考文献数

38

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This study examined the relationship between Christian religious consciousness (CFC) and subjective well-being for Japanese Christians. Members of the Roman Catholic Church (status of denomination: Believers, n=58; Leaders, n=61) and of the A subgroup of the Holiness Church (status of denomination: Believers, n=646; leaders, n=102) participated in the research. Based on factor analysis, we developed a scale of CFC that contained three factors: “Christian doctrine-based belief,” “norms of religious activities,” and “relationship with other church members.” Hierarchical multiple regression analysis on CFC and subjective well-being showed that the people who had high “Christian doctrine-based belief” or a high “relationship with other church members” have high subjective well-being, and that they were partially influenced by subjective well-being among denominations. However well-being was not influenced by status of denomination. These results indicate that subjective well-being rests largely on CFC, although a small portion of it rests on the type of denomination.

著者

高 史明 雨宮 有里

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.67-76, 2013-01-20 (Released:2017-03-02)

被引用文献数

1

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It has been shown that with regard to Blacks in the US, in addition to old-fashioned racism (a traditional and blatant form of racism), modern racism (a more subtle form, where one denies racism but nevertheless holds negative affect and belief against Blacks) has appeared in the post-Civil Rights Movement era (McConahay, 1986). Using the questionnaire method and exploratory factor analysis for Japanese college students, the present article revealed that this distinction between the two forms of racism is useful to describe racism against Zainichi Koreans (Korean residents in Japan). Furthermore, the present research investigated the consequences and underlying factors of the two forms of racism. Racism intensified contradictory discontent against Zainichi Koreans simultaneously, and had expected effects on the estimation of the number of Zainichi Koreans per unit of a certain kind of worker and people on social welfare in Japan. Protestant work ethics (Mirels & Garrett, 1971) intensified and humanitarianism-egalitarianism (Katz & Hass, 1988) weakened the two forms of racism. Implications of these findings were discussed.

著者

杜 健 加藤 和生

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.1-9, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-07-31)

参考文献数

34

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It has been asked theoretically whether or not more Self-Concept Differentiation (SCD) leads to better psychological adjustment; empirical findings, however, have shown results inconsistent with theoretical hypotheses so far. We argued that previous studies have focused only on the differentiation of self, without acknowledging two types of people being possibly confounded. We hypothesized that the tendency of thinking in more abstract/organized vs. concrete/unorganized ways (as measured by Level of Personal Agency, LPA) would be one of the factors that could distinguish those two types. To examine this possibility, 320 Chinese college students were asked to complete a questionnaire including measures of SCD, LPA, and Subjective Well-Being (SWB). Findings demonstrated the expected significant interaction between LPA and SCD. In the low LPA group, high SCD students self-rated lower in SWB than low SCD students; in the high LPA group, however, high SCD students scored higher in SWB than low SCD students. Those findings suggested that to predict psychological adjustment, we need to take into account not only the extent of SCD, but also the organizing tendency of thinking.

著者

山本 佳祐 田中 宏明

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.26-37, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)

参考文献数

18

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The present study aims to investigate when and why helping behaviors are criticized by a third party. We propose that people infer an ulterior selfish motive for others’ helping behaviors that occur in some self-presentational contexts. A vignette study was conducted with 149 undergraduates who read scenarios describing helping behaviors in various kinds of contexts. Analysis using a multi-level structural equation model provided partial support for our notion. It was shown that selfish motives were more likely inferred in situations in which observers who happened to be there praised the helping behavior than otherwise. However, this did not lead to increased criticism. It was also shown that the help was more likely regarded as needless, and, therefore, selfish motives were more strongly inferred when the help was refused than when it was requested by a recipient. Some methodological problems and future directions are discussed.

著者

林 幸史 小杉 考司

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.38-46, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)

参考文献数

29

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This study attempted to investigate the differences in tourists’ perceptions of destination images based on their past travel experiences. Tourism research suggests that past travel experiences affect present tourist behavior in terms of travel career and number of visits. In this study, we consider the tourist as a person seeking mastery through travel experiences and use measures of guest experience from 47 prefectures in Japan. Five hundred respondents living in Osaka were asked to complete a questionnaire via the Internet. Respondents had to identify 10 destination images and write about their travel experiences in as many of the 47 prefectures as they had visited. The main results were as follows: (1) respondents were classified into four clusters according to their travel experiences, (2) tourists who had traveled to more prefectures had an image of the destination based on geographical location and destination characteristics, and (3) tourists who had previously visited a particular destination and had been to more prefectures had a clear image of the destination. Based on these results, the process through which tourists develop expertise was discussed.

著者

遠藤 辰雄

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.12-18, 1986-03-31 (Released:2016-11-18)

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We describe the fundamental general features of the milieu of correctional institutions, the first reactions of criminals and delinquents in confinement situations, and their later adjustment to those situations. The first reactions include: relief that the trial is over, hurt and sorrow, wonderment about his or her own sanity, self-pity, anger or resentment toward individuals and society in general, determination to be revenged; despair, defeat; helplessness, suicidal thought, and determination to reform. The later adjustment includes the following types: (1) wholesome; (2) pseudowholesome, (3) maladjusted (including following subtypes-aggressive hostility, compensation, projectin, psychological escape, and actual physical escape), and (4) abnormal reaction (the so-called prison psychosis or prison reaction). But this first reaction and the later adjustment types may be very different in concentration camps or locked mental hospitals.

著者

福島 治

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.73-83, 2017-12-25 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

23

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Using two consecutive trait judgments on the same trait word for self and other within a relational context, Ishii (2009) found slower responses for initial judgments about the other (e.g., a “friend”) when they were inconsistent with the second judgments about the self (e.g., a “self-with-friend”). This finding suggests that the overlapping representation of self and other (Aron, Aron, Tudor, & Nelson, 1991) could also be true of the relational aspect of the self. However, similar slow responses were observed between trait judgments about the other and the self in an irrelevant relational context (e.g., “father” and “self-with-friend”). The current report presents a replication of Ishii’s findings in Study 1. Study 2 uses stimulus persons within the same category (i.e., “father” and “mother” as parents), and finds slower responses among every combination of trait judgment about the self and the other, suggesting a preference for categorical over person-wise judgments. The distinctiveness of interpersonal relationships and a possible differentiation of self-representation, exerted by different relational contexts, are discussed.

著者

鷹阪 龍太 山田 一成

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.19-27, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-08-15)

参考文献数

23

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the TIPI-J (a Japanese version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory: Oshio, Abe, & Cutrone, 2012) in volunteer panel Web surveys. First, a Web survey was conducted (264 males, 256 females, age range 20–69 years), and the internal consistency of the TIPI-J was tested by correlation analysis. Moreover, the concurrent validity and discriminant validity of the TIPI-J was tested by correlation analysis between the TIPI-J and another Big-Five scale (BFS short version: Uchida, 2002). These results indicated that the TIPI-J had satisfactory internal consistency and adequate validity. Next, as a result of a two-wave volunteer panel Web survey (316 males, 306 females, age range 20–69 years, 4-week interval), the TIPI-J showed satisfactory test–retest reliability (r=.72~.84). These results confirmed that the TIPI-J had sufficient validity and reliability in volunteer panel Web surveys in Japan. Finally, the effectiveness of the TIPI-J and its development were discussed.

著者

小城 英子 坂田 浩之 川上 正浩

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2024, (Released:2022-06-10)

参考文献数

28

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The purpose of this study was to revise the Attitudes towards Paranormal Phenomena Scale (APPle) to capture various aspects of skeptical attitudes, so that the believing and skeptical attitudes toward paranormal phenomena could be measured in detail. A questionnaire survey was conducted with undergraduates. Using exploratory factor analysis, six factors (Total Denial of Paranormal Phenomena, Denial Based on Current Situational Awareness, Inclination Towards Fortunetelling and Magic, Believing in Spirituality, Intellectual Curiosity about Paranormal Phenomena, and Fear of Paranormal Phenomena) were extracted, and a scale with 25 items called APPle II was created. From the viewpoints of internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, test-retest reliability, and criterion-related validity, sufficient reliability and validity were confirmed. Among the six factors, “Inclination Towards Fortunetelling and Magic” and “Believing in Spirituality” were regarded as believing attitudes, whereas “Total Denial of Paranormal Phenomena” and “Denial Based on Current Situational Awareness” as skeptical attitudes. “Intellectual Curiosity about Paranormal Phenomena” could be both believing and skeptical, and seemed to be based on analytical and critical thinking.

著者

碓井 真史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.85-91, 1992-03-10 (Released:2016-11-30)

被引用文献数

4

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The effects of perceived competence and self-determination on intrinsic motivation were investigated. Perceived competence was manipulated by positive or neative verbal feedback. Self-deterermination was manipulated by "cognitive priming questionnaires" (Porac & Meindl, 1982). The subjects were 54 university students. Each subject was randomly assigned to one condition of a two (perceived competence: positive or negative) × three (self-determination: high, control, or low) design. The results showed a significant correlation between perceived competence and intrinsic motivation, but no correlation when there was no self-determination. These results were discussed in cognitive evaluation theory and self-determination theory.

著者

渡辺 匠 太田 紘史 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.56-69, 2015

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Social psychologists have recently begun to explore the problem of free-will beliefs. Philosophers have been working on the problem of free will over the ages, and studies of social psychologists on free-will beliefs are based on past philosophical theories. Meanwhile, philosophers not only argue over the theoretical issue of free will but also engage with the research program of experimental philosophy. This program shares the methodology of social psychology, and experimental investigation of belief in free will is proceeding at a rapid pace. In consideration of the above arguments, it seems obvious that social psychologists need to collaborate with philosophers on the problem of free-will beliefs. The authors therefore review the findings of each discipline and construct a model of people's free-will beliefs. In this model, we consider free-will beliefs as composed by alternative possibility and agency, and these components function to promote attribution of moral responsibility, self-control, and social fit.

著者

渡邊 芳之

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.85-86, 2021-12-25 (Released:2021-12-25)

参考文献数

5

著者

舘石 和香葉 小野田 竜一 高橋 伸幸

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.96-103, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

14

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Whether engaging in costly punishment can be an adaptive strategy by enhancing the punisher’s reputation is a crucial question in efforts to explain punishment behaviors. However, empirical findings on this question are mixed. Based on Raihani and Bshary’s (2015) argument, the current study empirically examined the possibility that how a punisher’s motives are estimated affects the reputation of the punisher. We employed a vignette experiment which was designed to make it simple for respondents to estimate each punisher’s motives. Each vignette described a defector in a social dilemma and a punisher who punished the defector using one of four types of punishment. Respondents then estimated the punisher’s motives and evaluated their impressions. The results revealed that the estimated motives depended on the type of punishment which the punishers utilized and that evaluations of punishers varied across the four types of punishment. Thus, the context in which punishment is employed may affect a punisher’s reputation, and this in turn might ultimately determine whether engaging in punishment is adaptive.

著者

上原 俊介 中川 知宏 国佐 勇輔 岩淵 絵里 田村 達 森 丈弓

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.158-168, 2013-03-31 (Released:2017-03-03)

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Anger at the violation of a moral standard has been called moral outrage. However, recent research found that only when the victim of a moral violation was oneself (or a member of one's group) did it evoke strong anger. This suggests that the violation of a moral standard itself does not elicit anger, and such anger may be evidence of personal anger evoked by harm to oneself (or a member of one's group). In our study, we assume that moral outrage may be evoked when the likelihood of restoring fairness (e.g., compensation) is expected. We conducted three experiments in which Japanese university students read a newspaper report (fictitious) depicting an abduction case. For half of the participants, the abducted victim was Japanese; for the other half, Slovenian. After reading the news story, they were asked to report the intensity of the feelings of anger and whether the abduction was morally wrong. We found that the report evoked considerable anger only when the abducted victim was Japanese, regardless of whether restoring fairness was actually expected. This indicated that the reported anger provided evidence only of personal anger, not of moral outrage; thus, the likelihood of restoring fairness is not a determinant of moral outrage. These findings imply that personal anger, rather than moral outrage, is more prevalent in social life.

著者

敷島 千鶴 平石 界 安藤 寿康

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.48-57, 2006-08-25 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

3

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With the twin method, we tested the theory of general trust. Among data collected on 1,040 twins, data from 328 pairs of identical twins and 103 pairs of same-sex fraternal twins were analyzed to examine genetic and environmental influences on the general trust level. A univariate genetic analysis showed that genetic factors and nonshared environmental factors accounted for 36% and 64% of the phenotypic variance of general trust respectively, while shared environmental factors did not contribute to it. This supports the argument that the general trust level is set responding to individual social circumstances, not by familial circumstances. A substantial degree of correlation between general trust and extraversion suggested that high trusters were more extraverted, which could support the emancipation theory of trust. Finally, a multivariate genetic analysis demonstrated that there is no genetic factor contributing specifically to general trust. All the genetic factors were shared by general trust and other personality traits, i.e., hostility, positive emotions, warmth, and altruism. The results suggested that heritability of general trust observed with the univariate analysis was a "reactive heritability" from personality traits. The implication of the data from the evolutionary psychological viewpoint is discussed.

著者

村上 幸史 荒川 歩

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.233-248, 2009

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Arakawa & Murakami (2006) reported that some people keep "lucky charms" not because they have faith in them, but because the lucky charms were gifts from people close to them. This indicates that lucky charms are used as a communication tool, through gift-giving, rather than as goods. To examine why lucky charms are given between parents and children, 89 pairs (students and their parents, the relatives who most commonly give lucky charms) completed questionnaires. The results showed that parents gave children lucky charms more often than vice versa. The lucky charms were given by parents to their children as a token to ward off danger or for luck in an exam. The parents thereby sought to reduce their own anxiety, as well as that of the children, and to relay the message that they were supportive as the child grew up. In addition, the children sometimes looked at the lucky charm and were reminded of their parents. It is clear from these results that, despite there being a difference of understanding in the purpose of the gift between the giver and the receiver, gift giving results in the mutual extraction of meaning from the act. The result is discussed in terms of "goods-mediated communication" through gift-giving, focusing on this ambiguity.