著者

見正 富美子 林達 也 柴田 真志 吉武 康栄 西嶋 泰史 森谷 敏夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.5, pp.519-526, 1996-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

6 5

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The present study was designed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on the change of alpha wave component in electroencephalogram (EEG) and plasma β-endorphin. Exercise consisted of 30-min cycling on an ergometer with the load adjusted to elicit a heart rate rise of 50% between resting and predicted maximal value. The EEG signals and blood samples were obtained before and after 30-min exercise. The EEG signal was digitized at a sampling frequency of 64 Hz and analyzed by means of computer-aided decomposition algorithm and frequency power spectral analyses, respectively. The blood samples were immediately centrifuged for 15-min for quantitative analysis of β-endorphin by means of radioimmunoassay method. Results indicated that β-endorphin was significatly (p<.05) greater after exercise as compared to that of the resting contorol. It was also found that the larger the changes in β-endorphin following exercise, the higher the appearance rate of alpha wave in EEG. There was a positive and significant correlation (r=563, p<0.05) between the increase in alpha wave component and that of the plasma β-endorphin. These results suggest that traquilizer effects of aerobic exercise could be explained, at least in part, by the increase of alpha wave component and plasma β-endorphin which in turn bring about the relaxation effects upon the central nervous system.

著者

Junji Shinohara Philip Gribble

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.135-141, 2013-03-25 (Released:2013-04-08)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 2

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of five-toed socks with multiple rubber bits on the foot sole in influencing static postural control among healthy young adults. Twenty six healthy young adults were asked to complete three testing sessions to measure static postural control under three sock conditions: wearing five-toed socks with multiple rubber bits on the foot sole (FS), wearing regular socks (RS), and wearing no socks (NS). For each sock condition, static postural control was assessed on a force plate with the subject in a single-limb stance with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). The subjects were instructed to stand on the dominant limb as still as possible for 15 seconds. Center of Pressure Velocity (COPV) was calculated in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. The dependent COPV variables were calculated in AP and ML separately for EO and EC trials. The independent variable was sock condition (FS, RS and NS). For each dependent variable, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed, with Sidak post hoc analyses. During EO trials in AP direction, the FS condition (0.53±0.15 cm/second) had a significantly slower COPV value than the RS condition (0.59±0.21 cm/second). During EO trials in ML direction, there was a trend that the FS condition (0.60±0.16 cm/second) had a slower COPV value than the RS (0.67±0.21 cm/second) condition. No significant relationship was observed during EC trials in either AP or ML directions. These results indicate that, during EO trials, the FS condition was associated with increased static postural stability when compared to the RS condition.

著者

Takeru Shima Subrina Jesmin Hayato Nakao Kentaro Tai Tomonori Shimofure Yoshihiro Arai Keiko Kiyama Yoko Onizawa

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.45-49, 2021-01-25 (Released:2021-01-13)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

8

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Empathy, which consists of cognitive and affective empathy, is one of the vital skills in humans for creating and maintaining relationships with others, now, there are many empathy-deficient people, possibly deriving from an increase in harassment-related issues. Although there is a possibility that physical activity improves empathy, the association of physical activity with cognitive and affective empathy in healthy humans remains unclear. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the relationship between levels of physical activity and self-reported empathy. Eight hundred and ninety-three responses for two questionnaires, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SV-IPAQ) and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), were analyzed. Levels of physical activity in a usual week were measured based on the SV-IPAQ, and participants were divided into three groups: low, moderate and high physical activity. The scores for cognitive and affective empathy were measured based on QCAE. We found that people with a moderate or high physical activity level show significantly higher self-reported cognitive empathy compared to people with a low physical activity level. The score for self-reported affective empathy wasn’t affected by physical activity level. Physical activity level in a usual week showed a significant positive correlation with self-reported cognitive empathy scores, but not with self-reported affective empathy scores. Our findings imply that an increase in physical activity contributes to better cognitive empathy in healthy young adults.

著者

角田 直也 金久 博昭 福永 哲夫 近藤 正勝 池川 繁樹

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.192-199, 1986-08-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

11 3

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本研究では, スポーツ選手89名 (短距離5名, 長距離10名, バレーボール8名, サッカー12名, ボート22名, スピードスケート16名, 相撲16名) と一般男子14名を対象に, 大腿四頭筋 (MQF) とそれを構成する大腿直筋 (RF) , 外側広筋 (VL) , 内側広筋 (VM) , 中間広筋 (VI) の各断面積における種目差および等尺性脚脚伸展力 (KES) との関係について検討し, 以下の結果を得た.1.MQF断面積は, 相撲 (110.18cm2) が最も高く, ついでスピードスケート (104.09cm2) , バレーボール (99.36cm2) , ボート (96.30cm2) , サッカー (89.92cm2) , 短距離 (86.34cm2) の順であり, 長距離 (73.86cm2) が最も低い値を示した.短距離および長距離を除く他の種目は, 一般人 (75.32cm2) より有意に高い値であった.2.MQFを構成する各断面積は, 相撲, バレーボール, スピードスケートが高い値を示し, 短距離と長距離は, 一般人とほぼ同様な値であった.3.大腿部の全筋断面積に対するMQF断面積の比率は, バレーボール (58.66%) およびボート (57.53%) が高く, サッカー (53.81%) が低い値を示した.しかし, MQF断面積比率は, いずれの種目も一般人との間に有意な差を示さなかった.4.MQF断面積に対する各構成筋群の断面積比率では, サッカーがRFで, スピードスケートがVLで, それぞれ一般人および他の種目より有意に高く, 種目によって特異的に発達する筋が認められた.5.MQF断面積とKESの間には, 0.1%水準で有意な相関関係が認められた.またMQFを構成する各断面積も, KESと0.1%水準で, 有意な相関関係にあり, 断面積が大きな筋ほど, 相関係係数が高くなる傾向が認められた.6.MQF断面積当りのKESは, サッカー (8.97N/cm2) が最も高く, バレーボール (7.10N/cm2) が最も低い値を示した.サッカーのMQF断面積当りのKESは, 一般人 (8.06N/cm2) および長距離 (7.31N/cm2) より5%水準で, バレーポールと相 (7.50N/cm2) より1%水準で, それぞれ有意に高い値であった.サッカーを除く他の種目間の値には, 有意な差は認められなかった.

著者

李 虎城 向井 直樹 秋本 崇之 河野 一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.175-183, 2002-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

37

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[Objective] The purpose of this study was to determine whether icing treatment has an effect on muscle reaction time and functional performance of a sprained ankle. [Methods] Subjects were six persons (healthy group) and six persons who had an acute ankle sprain (patient group) . Anterior talar translation and talar tilt of the six patient group were evaluated by the stress X-ray measure. Ice treatment was applied for 20 minutes. [Results] The following points were clarified : 1) Reaction times of peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) for the sprained ankle group (SA) were significantly longer than those for the non-sprained ankle group (NA) (p<0.05) . Length of time of standing on one leg with closed eyes for SA was significantly shorter than for NA (p<0.05) . 2) After icing treatment, reaction time of PL for SA tended to be shorter. Furthermore, PB significantly decreased after icing treatment (p<0.05) . Side-steps for SA were significantly increased after icing treatment (p<0.05) . 3) Reaction times of PL and PB for NA significantly increased after icing treatment (p<0.05) . Standing on one leg with closed eyes for NA significantly decreased after icing treatment (p<0.05) . [Conclusion] It was shown that icing treatment of a sprained ankle leads to a shorter muscle reaction time and an increase in the number of side-steps. Therefore, it was concluded that icing treatment of a sprained ankle might be able to improve incapacitated neuromuscular function and functional performance by acute trauma.

著者

Mana Ogawa Satoko Hoshino Motoko Fujiwara Hiroki Nakata

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.127-136, 2019-05-25 (Released:2019-05-18)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 4

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We investigated the relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and anthropometry, physical fitness tests, and performance variables among 16 collegiate female basketball players. Each participant performed 20 basketball free throws. Anthropometric measures were height and weight; physical fitness tests were sit-and-reach, back strength, and grip strengths; other basketball performance variables were the phases of the pre-shoot routine: (a) time taken, (b) minimum angle when taking the ball back, (c) angle at ball release, (d) angular displacement during the forward arm swing, and (e) angular velocity at ball release on the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle. We analyzed the correlation between free-throw accuracy and data on anthropometry and physical fitness, the time period and variability of the pre-shot routine, and kinematic data. There were negative correlations between free-throw accuracy and mean pre-shot time, and variability of the pre-shot time, indicating that participants with a shorter and less variable pre-shot time showed a higher free-throw accuracy. Angular displacement of the shoulder during the forward swing and angular velocity of the knee at ball release showed positive correlations with free-throw accuracy. There was also a negative correlation between free-throw accuracy and variability of angular displacement during the forward swing at the elbow, indicating that participants with smaller variability of angular displacement of the elbow showed higher free-throw accuracy. Some performance variables, including routine duration, angular displacement of the shoulder and elbow, and angular velocity of the knee, were related to free-throw accuracy.

著者

満園 良一 勝田 茂 金尾 洋治 田渕 健一 永井 純

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.4, pp.182-191, 1986-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

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本研究は, 中・長距離ランナー23名 (年齢19~25歳) を対象として, 外側広筋からニードル・バイオプシー法により筋組織を採取し, 骨格筋線維の諸特性を明らかにすること, およびこれら諸特性と, トレッドミル走行により測定された最大, 最大下運動時の有酸素的作業能との関係について検討した.結果は, 以下のように要約される.1) 外側広筋におけるST線維の比率は, %STが61.3%, %area STが63.4%の平均値であり, ST線維寄りの傾向にあった.また, ST・FT線維の平均横断面積は3, 000~13, 000μm2の範囲にあり, ST線維の方がFT線維よりも大きい傾向にあった.2) 外側広筋におけるCapillary supplyは, CDが279±51/mm2, C/F ratioが1.62±0.15, CC (/ST) が5.7±0.9, CC (/FT) が4.5±0.7であり, CCについてはST線維の周りの毛細血管数がFT線維のそれより有意に多かった (p<0.01) .3) 外側広筋におけるSDH活性は, 2.98~12.35μmoles/g/minの範囲にあり, %STおよびCC (/ST) との間にそれぞれr=0.480 (p<0.05) , r=0.640 (p<0.01) の有意な相関関係が認められた.4) トレッドミル走行により測定した有酸素的作業能は, VO2maxが68.5±7.3ml/kg/min (4, 066±329ml/min) , VO2@ATが45.9±5.1ml/kg/min (2, 756±313ml/min) であった.この有酸素的作業能と骨格筋線維の諸特性との関係については, VO2max, VO2@AT (ml/min) と%STとの間にr=0.583, r=0.537 (いずれもp<0.01) , VO2max, VO2@AT (ml/kg/min) とCC (/ST) との間にr=0.534, r=0.430 (いずれもp<0.05) , さらにVO2max, VO2@AT (ml/kg/min) とSDH活性との間にr=0.612 (p<0.01) , r=0.450 (p<0.05) の相関関係がそれぞれ認められた.以上の結果は, 中・長距離ランナーにおいて, ST線維や毛細血管などの構造的特性がSDH活性などの機能的特性を規定する一要因であること, および骨格筋線維の構造的・機能的特性が有酸素的作業能に大きく影響する可能性を示唆している.

著者

Ryo Ogaki Gento Otake Satoko Nakane Yukiko Kosasa Yosuke Kanno Ayane Ogura Masahiro Takemura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.223-233, 2020-09-25 (Released:2020-09-16)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

2

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To the best of our knowledge, most previous studies regarding the epidemiology of injuries in rugby union (rugby) players have focused on professional players. Therefore, data on injuries in collegiate rugby players in Japan is limited. The purpose of this study was to conduct a prospective injury survey of Japanese male collegiate rugby players over several years and to analyze the injuries that occurred during matches and training according to field position, type of injury, and mechanism of injury. This prospective study initially registered 128 rugby players from one university club. The occurrence of injuries was recorded by athletic trainers during the rugby seasons between 2017 and 2019. The total injury rate (IR) was 7.26 injuries/1000 player-hours (1000 PHs). The match IR (122.73 injuries/1000 PHs) was almost 31.9 times higher than the training IR (3.84 injuries/1000 PHs). Ankle sprains/ligament injuries (17.7%; 1.28 injuries/1000 PHs) were the most common injuries, in addition to acromioclavicular joint injuries in forwards and hamstring strain injuries in backs. The most common injury mechanism was tackling (16.4%). Injury characteristics differed according to field position; therefore, preventive measures according to field position are necessary. Moreover, the high number of tackle injuries suggests that improved tackle skills would help reduce injuries. The IR among Japanese collegiate rugby players was higher than that reported previously. Injury prevention training for collegiate players is necessary to reduce the number of injuries.

著者

Hiroto Fujiya Katsumasa Goto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.69-72, 2016-03-25 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 4

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Sports-associated injuries often involve trauma to soft tissues such as ligaments, tendons, skeletal muscle, and skin. A shortened recovery process for injured tissues is of great interest to athletes, as injury-associated inactivity depresses both sports performance and physical fitness. Recently proposed treatments to accelerate tissue repair include microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Among these treatments, MENS has been applied to alleviate pain and reduce swelling following sports-associated injuries of tendons and ligaments. MENS is reported to stimulate the regeneration of skeletal muscles, a part of the body commonly injured in sports. MENS is expected to soon become a standard therapy for accelerating the repair of injured skeletal muscles and other soft tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of MENS and briefly describe several other proposed treatments for sports-associated injuries.

著者

豊岡 示朗 吉川 潔 足立 哲司

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.419-430, 1995-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 1

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朝の起床後におけるジョギングの問題点, その実施時間帯による代謝特性を明らかにすることを目的として, 男子長距離選手5名 (19~26歳) とジョガー (32~50歳) を対象に, 絶食, スナック, 夕方の3条件を設定して60分間のトレッドミルによるジョギングを課し, 血中基質と代謝反応を測定し, 次のような結果を得た.1) 絶食条件のジョギング前後の血液グルコースは, ジョガー群で100.8mg/dl: 93.0mg/dl, ランナー群で101.0mg/dl: 105.6mg/dlとなり, ジョガー群の低下が大きい傾向が見られた.しかしながら, 両群間に有意差は認められなかった.また, 夕食を摂らなかった被験者1名 (48歳) が, 走行後65mg/dlとなり, 低血糖レベルに近づいた.2) 同条件での遊離脂肪酸は, ジョガー群の安静で, 0.37mmol/l, 運動後, 0.57mmol/l, ランナー群の場合, 運動前0.25mmol/l, 運動後0.37mmol/lとなり, いづれも, 約50%の上昇がみられたものの, 安静値の2倍に達した被験者は1名であった.また, その最大値は, たかだか, 0.86mmol//lであった.3) 上述の結果から, 起床後の空腹状況において, 50~60%VO2maxで60分間のジョギングを実施した場合, 脱力感, 不快感や低血糖症状に陥る例は稀であり, 遊離脂肪酸が急上昇 (安静の3~4倍) することもほとんどないことが示唆された.しかしながら, 中高年ジョガーの場合, β-ヒドロキシ酪酸が, 運動前に比べ1.3~2.6倍も増加する例 (6名中5名) が見られた.4) 血中基質の動態からみた夕方ジョギングの特徴は, 朝の2条件 (絶食とスナック) と比べ, 運動前のインスリンレベルが2.7倍高く, 運動中のアドレナリン分泌の亢進, 血液グルコース取り込みの増加, 脂肪分解能の抑制であった.一方, 朝の2条件の動態は, ほぼ同様となり, インスリン, アドレナリン, ノルアドレナリン, 血液グルコースの変動が小さく, グリセロールの増加, FFA代謝回転レベルの高いことが認められた.5) 60分間のジョギングによる全消費エネルギーは, スナック条件が他の条件より4~5%高く (P<0.01) 654.4kcal, 以下, 夕方条件・627.5kcal, 絶食条件・619.2kcalとなった.この差異の要因は, スナック摂取からくる酸素摂取量の増加に依る.6) 呼吸商 (RQ) から60分間のジョギングによる炭水化物と脂肪の酸化比率をみると, 朝の2条件 (絶食とスナック) の場合, 約51~50%: 49~50%とほぼ同様になったのに比べ, 夕方条件の場合は, 67.4%: 32.6%となり, 朝のジョギングの方が約16~17%脂肪の酸化が多い (P<0.01) ことが認められた.7) 以上の結果から, 朝の2条件 (絶食とスナック) によるジョギングは, 夕方実施する場合に比べて脂質代謝が高いと示唆された.

著者

宮西 智久 宮永 豊 福林 徹 馬見塚 尚孝 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 功力 靖雄 岡田 守彦

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.583-595, 1999-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2 3

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This study was designed to clarify the causes of throwing injuries of the elbow and shoulder joints in baseball. Five varsity-skilled baseball players without pain in the elbow and shoulder joints were subjects for this study. They were fixed to a chair and asked to throw a baseball using three different throwing arm movements (T0, T45, and T90) . These movements were filmed using three-dimensional DLT videography. Linked rigid-body segment inverse dynamics were then employed to determine resultant joint force and torque at the elbow and shoulder joints. Peak varus torque at the elbow joint for T90 was less than for the other movements during the acceleration phase. In the follow-through phase, however, a large anterior shear force (70 N) at the elbow, for elbow extension, was present for T90. These results indicate that T90 was a high risk movement which leads to extension injuries rather than medial tension injuries. After the ball release, a large superior shear force (118 N) at the shoulder joint was present in all movements. This superior force may result from the subacromial impingement syndrome, except for critical zones of impingement caused by the different throwing arm movements. These findings suggest that the mechanisms of throwing arm injuries are closely related to differences in throwing arm movements.

著者

永田 明弘 藤巻 悦夫 阪本 桂造 栗山 節郎 竹政 敏彦

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.133-137, 1990-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

8

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If the traumas treated at Ishiuchi Clinic of Showa University during the past 31 years from 1957 to 1988 are classified by topical site and type, the traumas in the knee and ankle joints are seen in many cases, occupying totally 53% of the total traumas. Compared with these, the traumas in the hip joint are relatively rare, and particularly, the cases of traumatic dislocation of the hip joint are extremely rare articular traumas. The subject cases were 6 males and 5 females.The traumatic mechanisms have been elucidated, and concurrently, super selective angiography was performed on the medial circumflex arteries in 8 cases to determine angiographically the time when loading began.There are many cases whose posterior dislocations were presumably caused by a mechanism that, while the tibia is fixed by skiing boots in a position including forward in angles slightly wider than 90°, flexion and rotary strengths applied to the hip joint are much strong at the skier's position with extended knee joint because the safety binding does not come loose at the fall of the body forward.The superior retinacular arteries are said to be very important remification of the medial circumflex femoral artery which supplies 2/3-3/4 of blood stream to the outside of the loaded epiphysial region. What are presumed as the causes for the ineffective and defective angiograms are (1) compression by hematoma, (2) extended SRA and (3) rupture of SRA. The time of loading to begin was found as 2 months in the case with favorable angiograms of SRA and 4 months in the cases with ineffective or defective angiogram.

著者

芳田 哲也

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.89-97, 1992-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

31

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A study was couducted to determine the changes in urinary 3-methylhistidine (3-ME), urea-nitrogen (Urea-N) and creatinine (CR) in the initial period of weight training. The urinary excretion of 3-ME, Urea-N and CR over a 24-h period in nine human subjects was determined before and during (at one-day intervals) a weight training period of 11 days. Two periods of weight training at different work intensities were performed; experiment A (Exp. A) : three sets of 8 repetitions at 60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) ; experiment B (Exp. B) : one set of 48 repetitions at 30% of MVC. Subjects in both Exp. A and Exp. B performed five kinds of weight lifting exercise (hyper extension, sit-up, bench press, leg curl, leg extension) every day during the weight training period.The main results obtained were as follows;1) Urine volume and urinary CR showed no clear changes in either Exp. A or Exp. B.2) In Exp. A, urinary 3-ME increased significantly, and Urea-N tended to decrease during the weight training period. On the other hand in Exp. B, urinary Urea-N tended to increase, but the fluctuation of urinary 3-ME showed no clear tendency during the weight training period.3) After the weight training period, girth of the chest, upper arm and thigh tended to be increased after Exp. A in comparison with those before the weight training period.These results suggest that whole-body protein catabolism in the initial period of weight training is dependent on the aim and type of weight training.

著者

Toshiharu Tsutsui Toshihiro Maemichi Satoshi Iizuka Suguru Torii

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.15-20, 2020-01-25 (Released:2020-01-21)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the development pattern of batting imagery in youth baseball players. One hundred thirty-eight young baseball players (6–14 years old) were divided into 4 age groups. Tee and toss batting with a stationary tee stand and toss machine were used in the batting trials. In addition, the participants did an imagery task of hitting the optimal point of a ball where they wanted to impact it. To clarify the difference between the image trial and actual batting (tee and toss), the absolute error distance (AED) was calculated by subtracting the impact distance of the image trial from that of the actual batting. Two-way analysis of variance (4 age groups × tee and toss images) revealed that the AED was significantly lower in the 11- to 12-year-old players than in the 6- to 8-year-old players (p < 0.001). The relationships between the tee and toss images showed a significant correlation in all 4 groups (6–8 years old: r = 0.445, 9–10 years old: r = 0.495, 11–12 years old: r = 0.589, and 13–14 years old: r = 0.804; all groups: p < 0.001) and that tee and toss batting imagery appears unchanged as age increases. However, batting imagery seems to develop around 11-12 years old, and at the age group of 13-14 years old players are able to impact the same position on the bat regardless of the batting trials.

著者

外山 寛 田中 弘之

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.141-149, 1985-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

24

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塩分摂取量の多寡が運動時の生体に及ぼす影響について検討する目的で健常な成人男子5名を対象に, 高塩分食および低塩分食をそれぞれ6日間摂取させた後, 65%VO2max.の強度で30分間の持久的運動を負荷した.さらに, 同一被検者1名に対して低塩分食を4週間摂取させ, 1週間ごとに70%VO2max.の強度で60分間の持久的運動を負荷し, 以下のような知見を得た.1.高塩分食摂取下では運動中の心拍および最大血圧の応答が低く, また, 血清BUN値の低下が認められた.2.低塩分食摂取下では運動負荷によって血清CK-MB活性値の血清CK活性値に対する比率が上昇し, クレアチニン・クリアランス値は低値を示し, その回復も遅れた.また, 血糖値の低下と血清BUN, 尿酸, トリグリセライドの各値の上昇を認めた.3.尿中へのNa排泄量は塩分摂取量の変化に伴い増減した.K排泄量は高塩分食摂取下では普通食摂取下と差異を認めなかったが, 低塩分食摂取下では増加した.これらの結果から, 塩分摂取量の急激な変化はそれ自体で生体にとってストレスとなり得る可能性を有し, このような状況下での運動実施には慎重な配慮が必要であると思われた.

著者

西保 岳 池上 晴夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.167-175, 1985-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of muscle pump of pedaling exercise on blood circulation. Lower body pressurization device was used to provide negative pressure and positive pressure on the lower body of subjects in recumbent position. This device is also equipped with bicycle ergometer in it. Five healthy male college students volunteered for subjects.Whole experiment for each subject was divided into pre-control stage (0 mmHg), LBPP (lower body positive pressure) stage (+40mmHg), LBNP (lower body negative pressure) stage (-40 mmHg) and post-control stage (0 mrHg) . 50 (watt) exercise and 100 (watt) exercise preceded by resting period were loaded during each stage and following parameters were determined: ECG, phonocardiogram, carotic pulse wave, VO2, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Pre-ejection period index (PEPi), Left ventricular ejection time index (LVETi), PEP/LVET and stroke volume (SV) were calculated from the recorded data.Results suggested following conclusions:1) In rest condition, LBNP caused marked increase in HR, PEPi, and PEP/LVET and remarkable decrease in Q, SV, and LVETi. These findings indicate that LBNP affects venous return and exaggerates venous pooling in lower body.2) It was shown that muscle pump of pedaling exercise counteracts the effects of LBNP and the findings mentioned above were largely abolished by pedaling exercise of 100 (watt) .3) LBPP caused no apparent change in the studied parameters except blood pressure. Blood pressure increased by LBPP probably because of rising in total peripheral resistance.

著者

Erik van der Graaff Marco (MJM) Hoozemans Martijn Nijhoff Michael Davidson Merel Hoezen Dirkjan (HEJ) Veeger

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.5, pp.269-277, 2018-09-25 (Released:2018-09-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

7

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The objective of the present study was to examine the magnitude and timing of peak pelvis and thorax rotations in achieving high throwing velocities in pitching fastballs. During the preseason (Test 1 or T1) and four months later (Test 2 or T2), kinematic analysis was performed on eight elite youth pitchers throwing fastballs. Peak rotation velocities of the pelvis and thorax were determined and separation time, defined as the time between the maximal rotation velocities of the pelvis and thorax, was calculated. Peak thorax rotation velocity was not associated with throwing velocity. However, separation time appeared to be significantly and positively associated with throwing velocity. Also, the changes in separation time from T1 to T2 were significantly and positively associated with the observed increase in throwing velocity from T1 to T2. There was no significant association between the changes in pelvis or thorax peak rotation velocities from T1 to T2 and the change in throwing velocity. Results indicate that the relative timing of pelvis and thorax peak rotation velocity in pitching fastballs in baseball is likely to be a determinant of throwing velocity in skilled pitchers.

著者

Noriaki Ichihashi Satoko Ibuki Masatoshi Nakamura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.1-10, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-20)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

2 2

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The acute and chronic effects of static stretching (SS) on joint range of motion (ROM) and stiffness of muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and/or muscle was reviewed. Previous studies have provided evidence that SS is effective in increasing ROM, both immediately and chronically. Moreover, 75 seconds (75s) SS is sufficient for eliciting an immediate, acute effect. In contrast, the recent trend is to evaluate the effect of stretching not by measuring ROM, but by measuring stiffness in order to eliminate the effect of psychological factors. However, the findings of studies measuring stiffness are conflicting, with some results indicating a decrease in stiffness and others indicating no change in stiffness despite changes in joint ROM. Our study results support that stiffness decrease with SS, and that >2 min of SS is effective in eliciting the effect. The retention time taken to achieve the effect of SS is also under discussion, and the retention time may differ for ROM and muscle stiffness. Concerning the chronic effect of SS, many studies have indicated that a routine SS program decreases passive torque or MTU and muscle stiffness. However, the underlying mechanism for this decrease remains to be clarified.

著者

丹羽 健市 中井 誠一 朝山 正巳 平田 耕造 花輪 啓一 井川 正治 平下 政美 管原 正志 伊藤 静夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.151-158, 1996-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 2

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運動時の暑熱障害事故予防のための基礎資料を得るために, 男子大学生を対象に運動場の環境条件 (WBGT) の実態と, それに伴う発汗量や飲水量及び体温との関係ならびに運動時の水分補給の有無が体温調節反応に及ぼす効果について検討した.得られた主な結果は, 次の通りである.1.4月から9月までの期間, 同一時刻に練習を行った際のWBGTは4月以降上昇し, 8月に最高値に達した後下降した.2.自由飲水時の体重減少量は4.8~5.7g/kg・hr-1の範囲にあり, 各月間に有意な差異は認められなかった.3.発汗量および水分補給量はWBGTの上昇に伴って増大し, 両者の問に高い相関関係が認められた.しかし, 自由飲水時の口内温の変化量はWBGTの上昇にもかかわらず0.52±0.08℃であり, WBGTの増加に伴う変動は認められなかった.4.運動時の口内温の上昇は水分補給の有無によって異なり, 水分補給の場合で0.62±0.30℃, 非補給では1.09±0.54℃上昇し, 両者の間に有意な差異が認められた (p<0.001) .5.水分補給の場合の発汗量は10.455±2.272g/kg・hr-1, 一方非補給のそれは8.279±1.271g/kg・hr-1であり, 両者の間に有意な差異が認められた (p<0.01) .

著者

小川 徳雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.289-300, 1996-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

2 6