著者

永澤 健 根本 勇 中村 夏実 岩竹 淳 黒田 善雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.89-96, 2001-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 2

---

本研究は, クレアチン (Cr) ローディングがローイングパフォーマンスに及ぼす影響について検討することを目的とした.被検者は, 20名の国内トップレベルの男子学生ボート競技選手とし, ローイングエルゴメータにより, 実際の競技会をシミュレートした2000mローイングおよび最大努力の20秒ローイングを摂取前後に実施した.被検者を無作為にクレアチン (CRE) 群10名とプラセボ (PLA) 群10名に分け, 二重盲検法により1日20g (59×4/日) のCrあるいはプラセボを6日間摂取させた.その結果, 2000mローイングのタイムはCRE群において407.9±5.3秒から404.7±5.4秒へと有意な向上 (p<0.01) を示し, 一方, PLA群に有意な変化を認めなかった.最大努力の20秒ローイング時の発揮パワーは, Cr摂取によりに有意な変化を示さなかった.以上のことから, 高度にトレーニングされた男子ボート競技選手において, Crローディングは, 最大努力の20秒ローイングに効果がないものの, 2000mローイングのパフォーマンス向上に有効であることが示唆された.

著者

Kenta Yamamoto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1-5, 2017-01-25 (Released:2017-01-21)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 8

---

Most Japanese people have had their flexibility tested in childhood physical education classes. Recent studies may provide a retrospective answer as to why those measurements may be important. Flexibility is one of the components of physical fitness along with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength. Although flexibility was originally assumed to correlate with other aspects of physical fitness, recent studies demonstrate that a less flexible body indicates arterial stiffening. Arterial stiffness has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, there is a possibility that flexibility is a novel fitness indicator related to cardiovascular disease, which can be easily evaluated over all ages and in any area (e.g., medical check-up). Now, flexibility may no longer be simply viewed as important just for optimizing functional movement in daily life and/or reducing the risk of injury. This article reviews the recent findings on the relationship between flexibility and arterial stiffness, emphasizing “flexibility and arterial stiffness”, “genetics and flexibility”, “stretching and arterial stiffness”, and “flexibility and blood pressure”.

著者

木越 清信 尾縣 貢 田内 健二 大山 卞 圭悟 高松 薫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.167-178, 2003-04-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 3

---

本研究の目的は, 5秒間の全力ペダリング運動中における座位姿勢の変化が下肢筋群の筋活動および最大パワーに及ぼす影響を明らかにすることであった.被験者には, 大学陸上競技部に所属する男性10名 (21.5±1.9yrs, 178.8±4.7cm, 71.0±5.6kg) を用い, シートの高さを変化させた3種類 (High, MiddleおよびLow) の試技条件下で, それぞれ5秒間のペダリング運動を体重×0.1kpの負荷で行わせた.主な結果は以下の通りである.1.3回転の最大パワーは, HighがLowと比較して有意に高値を示した.2.骨盤傾斜角度は, HighおよびMiddleがLowと比較して有意に高値を示した.3.膝関節最大伸展角度および屈曲角度は, High, MiddleおよびLowの川頁に有意に高値を示した.4.脊柱起立筋および大腿二頭筋におけるmEMGは, HighがLowと比較して有意に高値を示した.5.Highにおいては, 3回転の最大パワーと大殿筋におけるmEMGとの間に有意な正の相関関係が認められた.また, 3回転の最大パワーと大腿二頭筋および外側広筋におけるmEMGとの間に正の相関傾向が認められた.以上の結果から, 5秒間の全力ペダリング運動において, シート高の変化による座位姿勢変化は下肢筋群, 特に股関節伸展筋群の筋張力および最大パワーに影響を及ぼす可能性があることが示唆された.

著者

高橋 正人

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.237-243, 1996-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Unfortunately, anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse is prevalent in Japan. Most steroid abusers are amateur bodybuilders, powerlifters, wrestlers, and “fitness enthusiasists.” The case presented is of a young amateur bodybuilder, who suffered gynecomastia, whose only significant risk factor was his nonmedical use of an AAS.A 27-yr-old male was admitted to our hospital in December 1992 with gynecomastia. He reported starting to use an AAS, oxymetolone (Anadrol®) 30 mg daily, at the age of 23 yrs in 1987. He had developed bilateral painful gynecomastia, impotence and decreased sex drive within 3 months of starting AAS use. He stopped using it, and was admitted to another clinic in 1991. He took testosterone propionate (Testinon®) 25 mg weekly, but, as he was anxious about the long-term use or this medication, he was adimitted to our clinic.On physical examination his gynecomastia had diminished slightly, but he still had breast tenderness. All his laboratory examination results were almost within the normal ranges. Neverthless his serum free testosterone level was slightly low, so he took tamoxifen (Nolvadex®) and Chinese medicines. Consequently, his gynecomastia improved after treatment, for 5 months.Gynecomastia develops when an AAS is converted to estrogen. In conclusion, tamoxifen administration may be useful to reverse gynecomastia caused by AAS doping in sportsmen.

著者

Kenneth Vitale Shawn Hueglin

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.1-11, 2021-01-25 (Released:2021-01-13)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

5 10

---

Interest in vegetarian and vegan diets continues to grow, not only in the general population, but in the high-performing athlete. Vegetarian diets may lower risk of chronic diseases and have proposed ergogenic benefits to the athlete regarding exercise performance and enhanced recovery. However, controversy and confusion exist in the literature regarding vegetarianism. Traditionally, a vegetarian or vegan diet was considered low in certain micronutrients (iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, B2, B12, D), as well as protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and total energy needs. However, a vegetarian diet typically contains higher complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, magnesium, nitrates, folic acid, vitamin C and E, carotenoids and other phytochemicals which may offer certain performance benefits to the athlete. This review summarizes the current literature on the benefits of a vegetarian diet specific to the athlete, clarifies nutritional requirements, and provides insight on the potential performance benefits. With proper meal planning, an athlete can meet all their nutritional needs with foods derived from plants without any loss in physical performance.

著者

Tadayoshi Miyamoto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.5, pp.329-337, 2016-11-25 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The respiratory control system is an important chemoreflex-feedback control system that maintains arterial partial pressures of CO2 (PaCO2), O2 and pH remarkably constant via ventilatory regulation. It can be divided into two subsystems: a controller (controlling element) and a plant (controlled element). The respiratory operating point (ventilatory or PaCO2 response) is determined by the interplay between the controller (arterial PCO2 [PaCO2] → minute ventilation [VE] relation) and plant (VE → PaCO2 relation) subsystem elements within the respiratory control system. This review outlines the methodology of converting the closed loop of the respiratory control system to an open loop state, then simplifying the controller and plant subsystems, and identifying the input−output relationship using a systems physiological technique (equilibrium diagram method). Changes in central hemodynamics, exercise stimulus, and regular exercise training modify VE and/or PaCO2 levels at rest and during exercise. These respiratory changes can be quantitatively explained by changes in two subsystem elements on the respiratory equilibrium diagram. Using this analysis technique that allows an integrated and quantitative description of the whole respiratory control system will greatly advance the elucidation of pathological conditions manifesting breathing disorders and respiratory regulation during exercise. By repeating thought experiments utilizing this kind of mathematic model and physiological experiments that provide evidence, deeper understanding will be achieved concerning prediction of the behavior of biological systems beyond the physiological range and understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases that are difficult to study by clinical research.

著者

Ayaka Takegami Taishu Kasai Sonoko Mashimo Naruto Yoshida Hitoshi Shiraki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.117-124, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-14)

参考文献数

35

---

This study investigated the relationships between subjective and objective indicators of training load in female handball players. Twelve female handball players (age: 20.1 ± 1.2 years, height: 164.3 ± 4.2 cm, and weight: 61.8 ± 4.1 kg) belonging to the first division of a university league were included in the study. The training load was investigated over a nine-week period of the competition phase. The subjective load indicator was the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE), and the objective load indicators were total distance, Player Load™, and heart rate-based training load (HRTL). We observed 20.5 ± 2.3 sessions for each player. The sRPE demonstrated significant relationships (p < 0.05) with all objective load indicators, with correlation coefficients r = 0.73 ± 0.09, 0.73 ± 0.08, and 0.75 ± 0.10 for total distance, Player Load™, and HRTL, respectively. All the relationships were very strong (0.7 < r < 0.9). These results reveal the potential validity of sRPE use in handball and suggest that the sRPE is an indicator that reflects the characteristics of both biomechanical and physiological load indicators.

著者

久野 譜也 村上 晴香 馬場 紫乃 金 俊東 上岡 方士

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.Supplement, pp.17-29, 2003-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

9 6

---

The ability to walk is just as important for the elderly as it is for young people. In fact, in the elderly, decreased mobility limits function in daily life and can lead to more serious situations (e.g., becoming bedridden) . The elderly population has increased over the last decade, and many researchers have studied the mobility of the elderly. However, the focus of most studies has been to facilitate recovery of bedridden individuals and prevent the elderly from becoming bedridden, and particularly to prevent fall-induced fractures, which often cause the elderly to become bedridden. However, about 70-80% of the elderly population do not require care, and it is necessary to conduct research on the maintenance of activities of daily living to make it possible for the elderly to work or volunteer. From this perspective, mobility is an important physical factor. Mobility is dependent on muscle activity and it has long been known that aging reduces muscle mass. Therefore, it is feasible to assume that reduced muscle mass leads to decreased ability to walk, and we have proven that there is a close correlation between the two. When presenting the idea of strength training to the elderly, it is appropriate to focus on the maintenance and improvement of mobility, not on the training itself. The results of our research can be summarized as follows:Muscle mass decreases with age, with the legs being affected to a greater degree than the arms. Moreover, muscle atrophy is dependent on weakening of muscle fibers, especially fast-twitch (Type II) fibers. Reduced lower limb muscle mass increases the risk of falling and can decrease walking ability to a degree that can affect daily living activities.In order to improve reduced muscle mass in aging, it is important to use an exercise program that is designed to strengthen fast-twitch fibers, which can be followed even by the elderly. Since walking therapy mostly mobilizes slow twitch fibers, it is not effective in preventing and improving muscle atrophy. It is important to have an exercise program that is designed to mobilize fast-twitch fibers.

著者

杉山 康司 青木 純一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.173-180, 1990-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

1

---

本研究の目的は高酸素気吸入トレーニングが平地での全身持久力に及ぼす効果を明らかにすることであった.日常規則的な持久性のトレーニングを行っていない男子体育学部生12名を被験者とし, 正常気吸入トレーニング群 (正常気群) および高酸素気吸入トレーニング群 (高酸素気群) に2分した.高酸素気群のトレーニング強度は高酸素 (60%酸素) 吸入時に得られたVo2maxの85%, 正常気トレーニング群の強度は空気吸入時に得られたVo2maxの85%とした.トレーニング時間は高酸素気群を10分とし, 両群の仕事量を等しくするために, 正常気群は10分22秒から11分30秒とした.また, トレーニングの頻度および期間は両群とも週3日および4週間であった.この結果, 正常気群ではオールアウトタイムが17分18秒±1分37秒から19分7秒±1分53秒および乳酸閾値が19.6±4.3ml/kg・分から23.0±4.5ml/kg・分にそれぞれ有意に向上した.Vo2max, 最大換気量およびトレーニング中の心拍数には変化は認められなかった.一方, 高酸素気群ではオールアウトタイムが17分56秒±1分24秒から19分33秒±1分41秒および乳酸閾値が19.7±3.0ml/kg・分から24.9±4.0ml/kg・分に有意な向上を示したことに加え, Vo2mmxおよび最大換気量にそれぞれ46.1±4.6ml/kg・分から51.0±4.3ml/kg・分および117.3±13.8l/分から135.1±18.4l/分の有意な増加が認められた.さらに, トレーニング中の心拍数については有意な減少が認められた.以上の結果から, 高酸素気吸入トレーニングは全身持久力のうちVo2maxを指標とする呼吸循環機能を改善させるのに正常気吸入トレーニングよりも効果的であると結論された.

著者

山本 正嘉 山本 利春

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.82-92, 1993-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

7 2

---

自転車エルゴメーターを用い, 5秒間の全力駆動を8セット反復するという激運動を行い, 33分間の休憩後に同じ運動を繰り返した.休憩中10分間にわたり, ストレッチング, スポーツマッサージ, 軽運動 (被検者の無酸素性作業閾値の80%相当の強度) , ホットパックの4種類の回復手段を実施し, これを実施しないで安静にして回復した場合と比較検討した.疲労回復の指標として作業能力および血中乳酸濃度 (La) の回復をみた.被検者は各回復手段について12名ずつとした.結果は以下のとおりである.1.ストレッチングとスポーツマッサージは, Laの回復には有意な効果をもたらさなかったが, 作業能力の回復には有意な効果をもたらした.2.軽運動は, Laの回復には有意な効果をもたらしたが, 作業能力の回復には有意な効果をもたらさなかった.しかし, 作業能力の回復が悪かった被検者の多くは, 軽運動の運動強度が強すぎたと訴えていたことから, これらの被検者には運動強度をさらに低く設定することによって作業能力の回復にも有意な効果がもたらされる可能性がある.3.ホットパックは, Laの回復にも, 作業能力の回復にも有意な効果をもたらさなかった.4.1~3の結果から, 激運動後に作業能力の回復を促進する手段として, ストレッチングとスポーツマッサージは有効であると考えられる.軽運動については, 運動強度が適切に処方されるならば有効と考えられるが, さもないと逆効果となる可能性もある.5.Laの回復率と作業能力の回復率との間には, 有意な相関関係は認められなかった.したがって, 作業能力の回復を規定するのはLa以外の要因であることが示唆された.また, Laを作業能力の回復を表す指標とすることには問題があることが示唆された.

著者

春日井 淳夫 小笠原 正志 伊藤 朗

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.5, pp.530-539, 1992-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1

---

In order to evaluate iron balance in the human body, we studied the effects of exercise on iron excretion in urine, sweat and feces. The subjects were five healthy male, college athletes. The daily intake of nutrients by the subjects was regulated by a prescribed diet (Calorie Mate, Ohtsuka), and the control measurements and the exercise measurements were performed within seven days. Excretion of iron in the urine during the exercise period was significantly higher than in the control period. The excretion of iron in the sweat was 1.076±0.118 mg, i. e, , about 70% of total iron physiologically excreted from the human body. The excretion of iron in the feces during the exercise period was significantly lower than during control period. Feces volume was positively correlated with energy expenditure and negatively correlated with the excretion of iron in the feces. Iron absorption during the exercise period was significantly higher than during the control period. These findings suggest that exercise stimulates not only iron excretion via urine and sweat, but iron absorption, and that iron balance remains positive in healthy male subjects who have normal iron status.

著者

呉 堅 山川 純 田畑 泉 吉武 裕 樋口 満

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.5, pp.543-548, 2000-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 4

---

本研究では閉経後女性を対象にして, 2年間の水泳運動が骨量減少に対し抑制効果をもつか否かを調査した.本研究には22名の水泳実施者 (平均年齢59.5歳) と19名の対照者 (平均年齢59.3歳) が参加した.水泳群は1回1時間の水泳運動を週平均1.5回行った.骨密度は腰椎 (第2~第4椎骨) と大腿骨頸部近位部 (大腿骨頸部, 大転子部とワーズ三角部) を二重エネルギーX線吸収法 (DXA) により測定した.また脚伸展パワーは脚伸展パワー測定装置を用いて評価した.測定はベースライン, 1年と2年後に行った.身長, 体重, カルシウム摂取量および日常の身体活動状況はベースラインにおいて二群間に差がなく, 2年間における変化も小さかった.脚伸展パワーにおいては, 水泳群にのみ1年と2年後に有意な増加があった.水泳群では2年間で大腿骨頸部, 大転子部とワーズ三角部の骨密度にそれぞれ4.4%, 5.7%と3.4%の増加がみられた.これに対して, 対照群では三ヶ所の骨密度の変化はそれぞれ-0.2%, 1.0%と-1.4%であった.これら3部位の骨密度の変化率を2群間で比較すると有意差が認められた.しかし, 水泳群の腰椎の骨密度は対照群と同様に減少を示し, 変化率に関して対照群と差がなかった.これらの結果は, 閉経後女性において2年間の水泳運動が大腿骨近位部の骨密度および脚伸展パワーに有益な影響を及ぼすことを示唆している.

著者

Masatoshi Nakamura Tome Ikezoe Satoru Nishishita Hiroki Tanaka Jun Umehara Noriaki Ichihashi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.113-116, 2019-05-25 (Released:2019-05-18)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

9 15

---

Static stretching (SS) is widely used to decrease and retain the passive stiffness of the muscle-tendon unit in clinical and athletic settings. It is important to consider the minimum SS duration required to decrease the passive stiffness of the hamstring, from the perspective of injury prevention of the hamstring muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of the effect of static stretching (SS) on passive stiffness of the hamstring and to clarify the minimum SS duration required to decrease the passive stiffness. Fifteen healthy males participated in this study. Fifteen healthy and non-athlete male volunteers participated in this study. SS of 60-s session was performed for five sessions with a 30-s rest between sessions. Passive stiffness was measured prior to SS (PRE) and immediately after each SS session to determine the minimum SS duration required to decrease the passive stiffness. The passive stiffness was calculated as the slope of the torque-angle curve corresponding to 50% of the final angle (Nm/°). Passive stiffness after 180, 240, and 300 s of SS was significantly lower than that at PRE. Our results showed that SS for >180 s is recommended to decrease the passive stiffness of the hamstring muscle.

著者

Hisashi Naito Toshinori Yoshihara Ryo Kakigi Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine Takamasa Tsuzuki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.125-131, 2012-05-25 (Released:2012-08-22)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

9 10

---

Many researchers have been interested in the effects of heat stress on skeletal muscle. Recently, it has been demonstrated that heat stress on skeletal muscle results in an increase in muscle protein mass and subsequent muscle hypertrophy, and attenuation of muscle atrophy. Although the cellular mechanism remains unclear, it is thought that heat shock proteins (HSPs), which are highly conserved proteins induced by heat stress, play a major role in these phenomena. However, new insights suggest that heat stress-induced muscle hypertrophy and the prevention of muscle atrophy may be regulated not only by elevated HSP expression but also by multiple signaling pathways associated with protein synthesis and breakdown. Additionally, heat stress seems to cause various changes in other muscle functions. Although further studies are required to reveal the molecular biological mechanisms involved in the heat stress-induced changes in skeletal muscle, heat stress may be a useful tool for increasing muscle mass, attenuating disuse skeletal muscle atrophy, facilitating an early recovery from muscle damage, and improving glucose metabolism. This paper reviews studies of these effects of heat stress on skeletal muscle.

著者

湯浅 景元 福永 哲夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.36-41, 1987-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

---

全身にわたる皮下脂肪厚を測定し, その分布パターンを明らかにした研究は今のところみられていない.本研究では, 2名の成人男子を対象にして, 超音波診断装置 (Bモードlinearタイプ) を用いてほぼ全身の皮下脂肪厚を測定し, その分布パターンを明らかにすることにした.本研究によって得られた結果は次のようであった.1) 体幹で皮下脂肪が厚い箇所は, 臍を中心とした腹部中央と側腹から腰部外側にかけての部分であった.2) 体幹で皮下脂肪が薄い箇所は, 胸部上方の部分であった.3) 体肢では大腿や上腕のように中枢に近いところにある体節で, かつ中枢に近づくほど皮下脂肪は厚かった.4) 以上のことから, 体幹では皮下脂肪厚が幅広く分布しているのに対して, 体肢ではほぼ均一に分布する傾向のみられることが示唆できた.

著者

寺田 新 大森 一伸 中村 好男 村岡 功

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.343-352, 1999-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

4 4

---

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fructose ingestion on maximal exercise performance capacity following prolonged steady-state exercise compared with glucose or placebo ingestion, in 7 male college students (age 23.3±0.7 yr, height 171.3±1.9 cm, weight 68.4±1.4 kg, Vo2max 3.5±0.2 L/min, mean ± SEM) . The subjects cycled constantly on an ergometer at 59± 2 % Vo2max for 100 min divided in the middle by a 5-min rest, and then performed 10 min of all-out self-paced cycling. They ingested either 8 % fructose solution (F), 8 % glucose solution (G) or artifi-cially sweetened placebo (P) before and during exercise (at 20, 40, 65, 85 mm) . Before exercise and at 50 and 100 min of exercise and 5 min after the performance ride, blood samples were collected for determination of the concentrations of blood lactate, serum glucose and serum FFA. In the G trial, the serum FFA level was significantly lower than in the P and F trials at any of the time points dur-ing and after exercise (vs. P ; p<0.01, vs. F ; p<0.05) . However, glucose ingestion maintained serum glucose at a significantly higher level during and after exercise than placebo ingestion (p< 0.01) and improved the total work output in the 10-min performance ride (G vs. P ; 135± 8 KJ vs. 128± 8 KJ, p<0.05) . Although in the F trial, the serum FFA level was elevated during exercise compared to that in the G trial and the serum glucose level was significantly higher than in the P trial (vs. P ; p<0.01), the blood lactate level after exercise was lower than in the G trial and total work output was similar to that in the P trial (123± 8 KJ, vs. G ; p<0.01) . These results indicate that fructose ingestion before and during exercise cannot improve the ability to perform high-intensity exercise late in prolonged exercise despite maintaining the serum glucose level.

著者

池野 祐太郎 福田 航 片岡 悠介 濱野 由夏 竹内 謙太 川上 翔平 二宮 太志 五味 徳之

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.343-348, 2014-06-01 (Released:2014-05-24)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

---

In this study, we examined the relationship between physical function and muscle strain of hamstrings in junior high school soccer players. The subjects were 29 junior high school soccer players. The muscle strength of knee flexors and extensors relative to body weight and the hamstrings/quadriceps muscle strength ratio (H/Q ratio) were measured, and a tightness test, general joint looseness test and the New Physical Fitness Test of Japanese Ministry of Education and science were performed. We contacted the trainer to confirm occurrence of hamstrings strain, and we compared the above measurement and test results in subjects with and those without hamstring strain. Differences were analyzed by the unpaired t-test. There were significant differences between the two groups in muscle strength of knee extensors, H/Q ratio and tightness of hamstrings (p<0.05). The results suggest that increasing the H/Q ratio and stretching hamstrings are important for preventing hamstrings strain in junior high school soccer players.

著者

真鍋 芳明 横澤 俊治 尾縣 貢

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.321-336, 2004-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

7 5

---

The purpose of this study was to compare hip and knee joint extension torque and the activity of eight muscles around the hip and knee joints during three squat exercises with different movements.Ten male athletes performed three different squats (Normal squat : NS, Knee push squat : KPS, Hip drive squat : HDS) . KPS is the type of squat which emphasizes knee joint movement without moving the hip joint position back and forth. On the other hand, HDS is the type of squat which emphasizes hip joint movement, while keeping the knee joint position fixed. Kinematic and kinetic variables such as angle, angular velocity, net torque and power of the joints of the lower extremity were calculated during the descending and ascending phase of each squat. At the same time, surface electrodes were placed on eight muscles of the lower extremity, and %iEMG was also calculated during the same phases.During the descending phase, Elector spinae muscle activity and hip joint extension torque was significantly greater for HDS than KPS. Rectus femoris and Vastus lateralis muscle activity was significantly greater for KPS than HDS. In addition, KPS showed significantly greater knee joint extension torque than HDS and NS. At the ascending phase, Elector spinae, Glueus maximus and Biceps femoris muscle activity, and hip joint extension torque was significantly greater for HDS than KPS and NS. Rectus femoris muscle activity and knee joint extension torque was significantly greater for KPS than HDS and NS.These results suggest that HDS is effective for selectively training the hip extensor, and KPS is effective for training the Rectus femoris muscle.

著者

岩原 文彦 伊藤 雅充 浅見 俊雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.499-511, 2003-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 3

---

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of active recovery between two strenuous anaerobic exercises separated by a short time interval. Eight healthy adult male volunteers (age: 24.8±1.8 yrs, height: 170.6±2.5 cm, weight : 70.1 ±2.5 kg) underwent five exercise sessions. Each session consisted of a warm-up, the first anaerobic exercise test (40 sec of exhaustive cycle ergometer exercise), a 30 min inactive (seated) or active recovery period, and a second anaerobic exercise test. During the active recovery period, subjects executed one of four different intensity pedaling tests (60, 80, 100, 120% of predetermined lactate threshold intensity) for 10 min. There were no significant differences in mean power and peak blood lactate concentration among sessions during the first anaerobic exercise test. Significant differences were found in the blood lactate concentration among sessions during the second anaerobic exercise test, and significant differences were found in mean power for the second anaerobic exercise. Optimal intensity related to the blood lactate removal rate was 83.3±7.1%LT, and that related to the working capacity recovery rate was 68.3±11.8%LT.From these results, concerning blood lactate removal rate, it was suggested that between 80%LT and 100%LT was an effective intensity. As for performance, the effective intensity was less than 100%LT.

著者

田路 秀樹 末井 健作 金子 公宥

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.439-446, 1995-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

2 1

---

肘屈筋群の力-速度関係とパワーに及ぼす複合トレーニングの効果を知るため, 一般男子大学生18名を次の3群に分け, 週3日, 11週間のトレーニングを行った.すなわちトレーニング群は, 1) 最大筋力の30%負荷 (30%P0) で最大パワーを発揮する単一トレーニング群 (G30群) , 2) 最大パワーの発揮に加え, 無負荷 (0%P0) で最大速度を発揮する複合トレーニング群 (G30+0群) , 3) 最大パワーの発揮に加え, 最大筋力 (100%P0) を発揮する複合トレーニング群 (G30+100群) の3群とし, 次の結果を得た.1.最大パワーの増加はG30+100群で最も著しく, 次いでG30+0群, G30群の順となり, それらすべてが統計的に有意な増加であった.また, G30+100群とG30+0群の増加量間に有意差が認められた.2.最大筋力の増加はG30+100群で最も著しく, 次いでG30群, G30+0群の順で, 上位2群の増加に有意性が見られた.またG30+100群とG30群の増加量間に有意差が認められた.3.最大速度はすべての群で有意に増加したが, 各群の増加量間には有意差が認められなかった.以上の結果から, パワー・トレーニングにおいて, 筋力強化を加えた複合トレーニングは, 単一負荷のトレーニングと同様に優れた効果を発揮するとともに, スピードを重視した複合トレーニングよりも効果的であることが示唆された.