著者

Shuhei Tagami Kouhei Ohnishi Yasufumi Hikichi Akinori Kiba

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.373-378, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3

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Phosphatidic acid plays an important role in Nicotiana benthamiana immune responses against phytopathogenic bacteria. We analyzed the contributions of endoplasmic reticulum-derived chloroplast phospholipids, including phosphatidic acid, to the resistance of N. benthamiana against Ralstonia solanacearum. Here, we focused on trigalactosyldiacylglycerol 3 (TGD3) protein as a candidate required for phosphatidic acid signaling. On the basis of Arabidopsis thaliana TGD3 sequences, we identified two putative TGD3 orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome, NbTGD3-1 and NbTGD3-2. To address the role of TGD3s in plant defense responses, we created double NbTGD3-silenced plants using virus-induced gene silencing. The NbTGD3-silenced plants showed a moderately reduced growth phenotype. Bacterial growth and the appearance of bacterial wilt disease were accelerated in NbTGD3-silenced plants, compared with control plants, challenged with R. solanacearum. The NbTGD3-silenced plants showed reduced both expression of allene oxide synthase that encoded jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzyme and NbPR-4, a marker gene for jasmonic acid signaling, after inoculation with R. solanacearum. Thus, NbTGD3-mediated endoplasmic reticulum—chloroplast lipid transport might be required for jasmonic acid signaling-mediated basal disease resistance in N. benthamiana.

著者

Kaho Miyazaki You Ohkubo Hiroto Yasui Ryoka Tashiro Rintaro Suzuki Hiroshi Teramura Hiroaki Kusano Hiroaki Shimada

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.367-371, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

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Late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA) genes are widely conserved in seed plant species and form a multigene family. While some LEAs are known to respond to environmental stresses, the function of many LEAs is unknown. OsLEA5 (Lea14A) interacts with a regulator of the endosperm storage production, FLO2, suggesting that OsLEA5 may be involved in endosperm quality control. RNAi knockdown line of OsLEA5 showed decreased seed weight. Transformant lines overexpressing OsLEA5 exhibited improved quality and seed weight of mature seeds when they were developed under high-temperature conditions, while seed quality strongly declined in wild-type plants exposed to high-temperature stress. These findings indicate that OsLEA5 contributes to suppressing the deterioration of seed quality when developed under high-temperature conditions.

著者

Shinnosuke Mori Shuichi Shimma Hiromi Masuko-Suzuki Masao Watanabe Tetsu Nakanishi Junko Tsukioka Katsumi Goto Hiroshi Fukui Nobuhiro Hirai

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.355-366, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

3

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We observed trees of the Japanese apricot, Prunus mume ‘Nanko’ (Rosaceae), bearing two types of flowers: 34% had blue fluorescent pollen under UV irradiation, and 66% had non-fluorescent pollen. The fluorescent pollen grains were abnormally crushed, sterile, and devoid of intine and pollenkitt. The development of microspores within anthers was investigated: in the abnormally developed anthers, tapetal cells were vacuolated at the unicellular microspore stage, and fluorescent pollen was produced. Compounds responsible for the blue fluorescence of pollen were identified as chlorogenic acid and 1-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose. The anthers with fluorescent pollen contained 6.7-fold higher and 3.8-fold lower amounts of chlorogenic acid and N1,N5,N10-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine, respectively, compared to those with non-fluorescent pollen. The tapetal vacuolization, highly accumulated chlorogenic acid, and deficiency of N1,N5,N10-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine imply that low-temperature stress during the early unicellular microspore stage caused a failure in microsporogenesis. Furthermore, potential effects of the visual difference on the bee behavior were also discussed through the colorimetry. The sterility, likely induced by low-temperature stress, and the preference of honeybees for fluorescence may reduce the pollination efficiency of P. mume.

著者

Ami Takeuchi Mariko Ohnuma Hiroshi Teramura Kenji Asano Takahiro Noda Hiroaki Kusano Koji Tamura Hiroaki Shimada

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.345-353, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

16

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The potato tuber starch trait is changed depending on the composition of amylose and amylopectin. The amount of amylopectin is determined by the activity of the starch branching enzymes SBE1, SBE2, and SBE3 in potato. SBE3, a homolog of rice BEI, is a major gene that is abundant in tubers. In this study, we created mutants of the potato SBE3 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 attached to the translation enhancer dMac3. Potato has a tetraploid genome, and a four-allele mutant of the SBE3 gene is desired. Mutations in the SBE3 gene were found in 89 of 126 transformants of potato plants. Among these mutants, 10 lines contained four mutant SBE3 genes, indicating that 8% efficiency of target mutagenesis was achieved. These mutants grew normally, similar to the wild-type plant, and yielded sufficient amounts of tubers. The potato starch in these tubers was similar to that of the rice BEI mutant. Western blot analysis revealed the defective production of SBE3 in the mutant tubers, suggesting that these transformants were loss-of-function mutants of SBE3.

著者

Kaori Sako Ryutaro Nagashima Masahiro Tamoi Motoaki Seki

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.339-344, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

8

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Abiotic stresses, such as high light and salinity, are major factors that limit crop productivity and sustainability worldwide. Chemical priming is a promising strategy for improving the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. Recently, we discovered that ethanol enhances high-salinity stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice by detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the effect of ethanol on other abiotic stress responses is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ethanol on the high-light stress response. Measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that ethanol mitigates photoinhibition under high-light stress. Staining with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) showed that the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was inhibited by ethanol under high-light stress conditions in A. thaliana. We found that ethanol increased the gene expressions and enzymatic activities of antioxidative enzymes, including ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE1 (AtAPX1), Catalase (AtCAT1 and AtCAT2). Moreover, the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and anthocyanin contents were upregulated by ethanol treatment during exposure to high-light stress. These results imply that ethanol alleviates oxidative damage from high-light stress in A. thaliana by suppressing ROS accumulation. Our findings support the hypothesis that ethanol improves tolerance to multiple stresses in field-grown crops.

著者

松本 成史 幸田 学 服部 浩 原 量宏 竹内 康人

出版者

電子情報通信学会

雑誌

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 (ISSN:09135685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.84, pp.29-34, 2016-06-10

著者

Eri Tomizawa Shogo Ohtomo Kanako Asai Yuka Ohta Yukako Takiue Akihiro Hasumi Masahiro Nishihara Takashi Nakatsuka

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.323-330, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

6

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Betalains, comprising violet betacyanins and yellow betaxanthins, are pigments found in plants belonging to the order Caryophyllales. In this study, we induced the accumulation of betalains in ornamental lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) by genetic engineering. Three betalain biosynthetic genes encoding CYP76AD1, dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) 4,5-dioxygenase (DOD), and cyclo-DOPA 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) were expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in lisianthus, in which anthocyanin pigments are responsible for the pink flower color. During the selection process on hygromycin-containing media, some shoots with red leaves were obtained. However, most red-colored shoots were suppressed root induction and incapable of further growth. Only clone #1 successfully acclimatized and bloomed, producing pinkish-red flowers, with a slightly greater intensity of red color than that in wild-type flowers. T1 plants derived from clone #1 segregated into five typical flower color phenotypes: wine red, bright pink, pale pink, pale yellow, and salmon pink. Among these, line #1-1 showed high expression levels of all three transgenes and exhibited a novel wine-red flower color. In the flower petals of line #1-1, abundant betacyanins and low-level betaxanthins were coexistent with anthocyanins. In other lines, differences in the relative accumulation of betalain and anthocyanin pigments resulted in flower color variations, as described above. Thus, this study is the first to successfully produce novel flower color varieties in ornamental plants by controlling betalain accumulation through genetic engineering.

著者

Shohei Nosaki Ken Hoshikawa Hiroshi Ezura Kenji Miura

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.297-304, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

31

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The production of recombinant proteins is important in academic research to identify protein functions. Moreover, recombinant enzymes are used in the food and chemical industries, and high-quality proteins are required for diagnostic, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical applications. Though many recombinant proteins are produced by microbial or mammalian cell-based expression systems, plants have been promoted as alternative, cost-effective, scalable, safe, and sustainable expression systems. The development and improvement of transient expression systems have significantly reduced the period of protein production and increased the yield of recombinant proteins in plants. In this review, we consider the importance of plant-based expression systems for recombinant protein production and as genetic engineering tools.

著者

土田 朋子 松瀬 厚人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

アレルギー (ISSN:00214884)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.155-162, 2014-03-01 (Released:2017-02-10)

著者

Kinya Toriyama

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.285-295, 2021-09-25 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

79

被引用文献数

20

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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait that causes dysfunctions in pollen and anther development. CMS is caused by the interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. A product of a CMS-causing gene encoded by the mitochondrial genome affects mitochondrial function and the regulation of nuclear genes, leading to male sterility. In contrast, the RESTORER OF FERTILITY gene (Rf gene) in the nuclear genome suppresses the expression of the CMS-causing gene and restores male fertility. An alloplasmic CMS line is often bred as a result of nuclear substitution, which causes the removal of functional Rf genes and allows the expression of a CMS-causing gene in mitochondria. The CMS/Rf system is an excellent model for understanding the genetic interactions and cooperative functions of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in plants, and is also an agronomically important trait for hybrid seed production. In this review article, pollen and anther phenotypes of CMS, CMS-associated mitochondrial genes, Rf genes, and the mechanism that causes pollen abortion and its agronomical application for rice are described.

著者

齊藤 正樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本原子力学会

雑誌

日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.87-89, 2016

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<p> 使用済み燃料に含まれるマイナーアクチニドを軽水炉のウラン燃料や高速増殖炉のブランケット燃料に少量添加すると,燃料中に軍事転用困難な²³⁸Puの同位体割合を増加させ,高い核拡散抵抗性を有するプルトニウムを生成することが可能である。「もんじゅ」は,余剰プルトニウムを効率的に燃やしながら(Pu Eater),かつ,核拡散抵抗性の高い軍事転用困難なプルトニウムを増殖する(Pu Breeder)核不拡散上極めて重要な技術の実証に向けた国際研究開発拠点として,国内外の英知を結集して再構築し,将来のエネルギー安全保障のみならず,原子力の平和利用と核不拡散の両立の観点からも,人類史上初めての挑戦を,国は高い志を持って,揺るぎなく進めるべきである。</p>

著者

Soichiro Ando

出版者

The Medical Association of Nippon Medical School

雑誌

Journal of Nippon Medical School (ISSN:13454676)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JNMS.2022_89-102, (Released:2021-03-09)

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Background: The behavioral changes among Japanese, along with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, may affect the seasonal influenza epidemic in Japan and change the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE).Methods: Influenza VE in children was estimated in the first influenza season (2019/20) overlapping with the COVID-19 epidemic by conducting a single-center, test-negative case-control (TNCC) study. Effects of prior influenza infection and vaccination in children were assessed for the 2019–2020 season.Results: Among 386 children, the adjusted VE was significant for influenza A/H1N1 (45.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–69.7) and influenza B (66.7%; 95% CI: 35.9–82.7). Among patients aged 0–6 years, the adjusted VE was significant for influenza A (total: A/H1N1+A/H3N2) (65.0%; 95% CI: 22.2–84.3), influenza A/H1N1 (64.8%; 95% CI: 16.9–85.1), and influenza B (87.4%; 95% CI: 50.5–96.8). No VE was observed in patients aged 7–15 years. Two vaccine doses tended to decrease the incidences of influenza A (total) and influenza A/H1N1 in patients aged 0–6 years. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of influenza B infection in patients, who had influenza during the previous season, were significantly low among all participants (0.29; 95% CI: 0.11–0.78) and patients aged 7–15 years (0.34; 95% CI: 0.12–0.94). The adjusted ORs of influenza infections were not significant in patients vaccinated during the previous season.Conclusions: TNCC-based estimates of influenza VE were consistent despite the overlapping COVID-19 epidemic.

著者

山崎 賢人 柴田 史久 木村 朝子 田村 秀行

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.413-422, 2014

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This paper describes prototyping of a mixed reality (MR) order picking system which is used for a warehouse. Recently, MR, a technology that superimposes computer generated images (CGI) onto the real world in real-time, is used in various fields. MR technology has a variety of practical uses including assistance in machine maintenance and repair, parts assembly for industrial products, and so on. Especially, giving instructions to a worker using MR technology is used for wide range of applications. In this study, we try to make an MR based order picking system as one of the practical applications of MR technology. First, we analyze a conventional order picking system which employs colored lights mounted on racks for indicating picking items. Then, we design a prototype MR order picking system based on the result of the analysis. In our system, it is possible to provide intuitive information to the worker by displaying CGI such as an arrow through an HMD. We conducted experiments using both the conventional system and MR system to make a comparison of them and found some challenges for the future.

著者

島田 誠

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.7, pp.1201-1220,1319-, 1988-07-20 (Released:2017-11-29)

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From the late Republic to the early Empire there lived some people called provinciales in the Mediterranean World. And sometimes they were juxtaposed to Italici, who had originated from Italy or still dwelled in there. Most scholars think that they were peregrini (foreigners), who dwelled in the provinces. But a few scholars oppose them and assert that provinciales were the Roman citizens who resided in the provinces, and that Roman citizens who dwelled in Italy were called Italici. This paper is concerned with the following three problems : I.What was the status of provinciales? II.Were the Roman citizens who dwelled in Italy called Italici? And what is the nature of privilege called ius Italicum? III.Under what conditions could both provinciales and Italici exist? I.The author examines the usage of provinciales in the Latin literature and finds that some Roman citizens were called provinciales, but no foreigners were called provinciales. In turn the author scrutinizes the usage of the designations of foreigners, and concludes that in the Latin literature provinciales is carefully distinguished from the terms for the foreigners. This confirms that the term provinciales designates those Roman citizens who dwelled in the provinces. II.In the Latin literature, there are some Italici juxtaposed to provinciales, and they seem to be Roman citizens who dwelled in Italy. But under the Republic, some negotiatores doing business in provinces were also called Italici. So they might be thought of as men of Italian origin who resided in the provinces. The author investigates the designation of the Italian negotiatores in provinces using Latin inscriptions. He finds that they referred to themselves in two ways, 'Italici' and 'cives Romani (Roman citizens)'. Also he finds that the former designation was used before the 60's B.C. and the latter appeared after the 30's B.C. Hence, the author concludes that Italici from the late Republic were not men of Italian origin in provinces, but Roman citizens who dwelled in Italy. Next, the author attempts to reconsider the nature of ius Italicum. It usually is considered as (1)a communal privilege granted to communities whose status was identified with that of Italian municipalities, (2)communities, on which the privilege was conferred, which were regarded as the highest in the provinces, and which enjoyed autonomy, immunity, and the special right that their land could be held ex iure Quiritium by Roman citizens, (3)a privilege which was devised in the age of Augustus, in order to compensate the inhabitants of some communities for their loss of Italian status. However, the privilege appeared first in the middle of the 1st century A.D. And a Greek inscription records a Roman citizen woman as a person of Italian right without any mention of her community. Hence the author makes the following assumptions : i)The privilege granted to the groups of Roman citizens whose status was identified with that of those who dwelled in Italy ; ii)The privilege was devised in the middle of 1st century A.D., in order to reconcile the conflict between provinciales and Italici ; iii)From the 2nd century the discrimination between them became obsolete, so the ius Italicum began to be thought of as a communal privilege. III.Finally, the author considers the historical and social conditions on which both provinciales and Italici could exist. The distinction between them requires certain conditions ; i.e., that almost all inhabitants in Italy were Roman citizens but in provinces Roman citizens dwelled among foreigners. Under these conditions the idea that Roman citizens had to dwell in Italy became fixed, and Italici began to discriminate against provinciales. This discrimination soon disappeared, and in A.D.212 almost all the inhabitants of the Roman Empire became Roman citizens. After that, provinciales came to mean the inhabitants in provinces.

著者

久下 晴康

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 (ISSN:04331052)

巻号頁・発行日

no.603, pp.p26-35, 1990-02

著者

山田 浩二郎 増本 幸志 天野 尽 杉本 一郎 杉木 大輔 松島 久雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床救急医学会

雑誌

日本臨床救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13450581)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.6, pp.738-747, 2017

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<p><b>背景と目的</b>:埼玉県東部地域では2008年より救急搬送された重症・リスク受傷機転例はメディカルコントロール(以下,MC)担当医が地域で独自に作成した外傷活動記録票(以下,外傷検証票)を用い面談式および書面式事後検証を行うと計画としたが,面談式検証のみ実施されていた。そこで2014年4月より書面式該当例は消防組織内で一次検証し,医師および救急救命士により構成されるワーキンググループ(以下,WG)で二次検証する方式へと変更した。今回制度変更による書面式検証の実施率,検証結果の共有および検証の妥当性などについて検討したので報告する。<b>対象と方法</b>:調査対象;本MC 協議会管内における制度変更前2012 年1 月より1 年間(12消防組織)および変更後2014年4月より1年間(統合された8消防組織)とした。調査項目;1.外傷症例の一次検証(面談式・書面式)実施の有無。2.重症以上の外傷症例数及び一次検証数。3.事後検証結果の消防組織内における共有の有無。4.制度変更後における一次検証と二次検証の結果を比較し妥当性を評価した。<b>結果と考案</b>:1.一次検証は変更前,半分の6消防組織で実施され,その方法は面談式0,書面式6であった。変更後は全8消防組織,その方法は面談式2,書面式7(重複あり)であった。2.重症以上の外傷症例数及び一次検証数はそれぞれ変更前908件,207件(23%),変更後は945件,468件(50%)であった。3.変更前検証結果共有は6消防本部であったが,変更後全消防本部で閲覧可能としていた。4.回収した一次検証書類中約10%にWGによる検証評価の修正が必要であり,各消防組織を通じフィードバックを行った。外傷症例の書面式事後検証に外傷検証票を用いた一次検証を導入しその質を二次検証で確認するMC担当医の負担を著しく増大させない制度変更は,検証の質を維持しつつ検証実施対象事例を増加させ得る一方策である。</p>

著者

高橋 淳根 田中 清明 鈴木 裕之

出版者

養賢堂

雑誌

畜産の研究 (ISSN:00093874)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.611-615, 2009-06

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1次発酵乾燥粉末30〜40%に対して副資材は木質破砕物を60〜70%混合し、DB菌を添加した2次発酵肥料の品質を調査したところ、下記のような結果を得た。(1)魚臭ほとんどなくなり、低水分で清潔感が増し使用しやすい。(2)適度の肥料分と微量要素がバランスよく含有している。(3)肥料中にDB菌1g中10(4)個が含有し、ほ場へ移植されるため、根張り、作物生育促進、病虫害防除および連作障害を予防する。(4)DB菌・土壌改善により地力が高まり、作物の品質向上および収穫量が増加する。(5)作物の長期保存による品質低下を防ぐ。(6)人畜無害である。

著者

所 京子

出版者

岐阜聖徳学園大学

雑誌

聖徳学園女子短期大学紀要 = Bulletin of the Shotoku Gakuen Women's Junior College (ISSN:03875067)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.86-75, 1987-03-31

著者

皆川 純 岡原 浩平 山崎 賢人 深澤 司

雑誌

第81回全国大会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2019, no.1, pp.27-28, 2019-02-28

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複数カメラの映像から俯瞰合成映像を生成するシステムは、設置時に校正したカメラの位置合わせパラメータを使用する。そのため、カメラの位置姿勢に変化が生じると、合成映像における映像同士の境界部に位置ずれが発生する。各カメラの設置時の映像と位置ずれ発生後の映像からカメラの移動量を推定し、合成映像の位置ずれを補正する手法が提案されているが、各カメラの補正誤差により境界部に位置ずれが残る課題がある。本稿では、隣接カメラ映像との重畳領域を考慮しながら移動量を推定することで、上記の課題を解決する手法を提案する。

著者

柴田 史久 松田 祐樹 レ ヴァン ギア 川端 大輔 山崎 賢人 木村 朝子

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 日本バーチャルリアリティ学会

雑誌

日本バーチャルリアリティ学会論文誌 (ISSN:1344011X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.215-225, 2014

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This paper describes design and implementation of a distributed framework for creating mobile mixed reality (MR) systems. The goal of the framework is providing the same MR space for a variety of mobile devices which connect via wireless network. This paper discusses the following three topics which are essential for designing our framework: system architecture for supporting diverse mobile devices, an easy-to-implement script language for developing applications, and a communication method which takes into account the operability of the users. We implemented our framework based on the proposed design and investigated its performance empirically. As a result, we confirmed that various kinds of mobile devices can share the same MR space using our framework.