著者
狩野 陽
出版者
北海道大學教育學部
雑誌
北海道大學教育學部紀要 (ISSN:04410637)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.99-102, 1967-05
著者
アニーシャ ニシャート 鈎 治雄 Aneesah HISHAAT Haruo MAGARI
出版者
創価大学教育学部・教職大学院
雑誌
教育学論集 (ISSN:03855031)
巻号頁・発行日
no.70, pp.201-213, 2018-03-31

The concept of optimism has been researched by various scholars such as Martin Seligman,Shelley E. Taylor, Shepperd et al, and Carver. They have proposed different types of optimism.Though they have shown that optimism confer positive effect on people’s life, they havealso indicated some risk when people utilize it. This research has named these concepts as“conventional optimism”.On the other hand, Magari Haruo has proposed a different concept of optimism in whichhe has included new factors that are 1. Flexibility, 2. Will power and courage, and 3. Futureorientation and hope. This concept has not yet been covered by conventional optimism. Thisresearch has named this concept as “realistic optimism”.This research paper has focused on and made a comparative study between two conceptsthat are conventional optimism and realistic optimism. This paper will focus on the importanceof realistic optimism which will be useful for people’s well-being.
著者
木原 寛
出版者
富山大学総合情報基盤センター
雑誌
富山大学総合情報基盤センター広報 (ISSN:13490796)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, pp.35-40, 2007-03

プログラムの作成や実行が容易な環境として,表計算ソフトウェアExcelのVBAに注目し,基本グラフィックスとタートルグラフィックス描画機能等をモジュールとして追加し,教育用プログラミング学習環境として利用可能とした。
著者
釜床 美也子
巻号頁・発行日
2009

筑波大学博士 (デザイン学) 学位論文・平成21年3月25日授与 (甲第5139号)
著者
野沢 慎司
出版者
東京都立大学都市研究センター
雑誌
総合都市研究 (ISSN:03863506)
巻号頁・発行日
no.56, pp.73-92, 1995

これまで都市家族の研究のなかで比較的等閑視されてきた、家族とコミュニティの相互関連をめぐる問題(家族・コミュニティ問題)へのアプローチとして、とくに夫婦間の援助関係と世帯外援助ネットワークとの関連に焦点を据えた分析を試みる。北米都市での調査知見に基づく仮説は、パーソナル・ネットワークとしてのコミュニティが居住地域や連帯性から解放されることによって、夫婦関係を分離的にするような世帯外ネットワークからの影響(競合説)が消失し、世帯内のニーズに従って(ニーズ説)、夫婦間の援助関係を前提として世帯外のネットワークから援助が動員される(両立説)状況が生み出されたと主張している。現代日本の都市家族にもこのモデルが妥当するのかどうかが検討される。東京都調布市に居住する比較的若年の既婚女性を対象とした調査票調査のデータ分析から、基本的にはニーズ説、両立説が支持される結果が得られたが、部分的には競合説を支持する結果やニーズ説に包摂しきれない結果が得られた。とくに育児期の妻の近隣ネットワークと夫からの家事援助との間には、競合的な状況が現れやすい。この点は、最近の他の調査知見と照らし合わせてみると、ネットワークの一部が世帯外から夫婦関係を規定する力を失っていないことを示唆している。こうした知見は、多角的なネットワーク測度を使った家族・コミュニティ研究によって、比較社会学的な文脈から、さらに検討される必要がある。
著者
伊藤 弘
出版者
社団法人日本造園学会
雑誌
ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌 : journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture = Landscape Research Japan Online (ISSN:13408984)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.5, pp.763-766, 2004-03-31
被引用文献数
4

This paper is aim to clarify the relation between a landowner and a conversion method in the conversion process of the un-intensive & unused land into pocket park, and to clarify an effect and a problem of having converted such land into pocket park in Adachi-ku. The administration appeals to the landowner for offer of un-intensive & unused land actively, and is undertaking the project secure such land as a pocket park site. It is cleared that Petit-Terrace system has the effect complemented in the arrangement of the park in a built-up area by consulting a map and questionnaire, and that conversion methods differ according to the category of landowner such as individual, corporation and administration, and management organizations differ according to conversion methods by interview to the person in charge. When an un-intensive & unused land is converted into pocket park by inhabitant' s suggestion such as a part of the community design activities, it comes to manage by the organization, which can cope with the problem to generate flexibly. It was examined that defining the role of Petit-Terrace in the whole area was the effective means to cope with various problems after conversion.
著者
澤井 和彦 高橋 義雄
出版者
東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, pp.457-468, 2005-03-10

The purpose of this study is 1) to describe the allocation of sports resources at the University of Tokyo as the institution including some economic units and their rules, and 2) to investigate the merits and demerits of resource allocation using the Peer-to-Peer Networks through development and operation of the on-line reservation system for sport facilities. Basically, sports resources are allocated by re-distribution system in the organization of the University of Tokyo and ""The Univ. of Tokyo Athletic Association"" which is independent organization usually called ""Undou-kai"". The university decreased their re-distribution costs by making the part of their management cost internalized in the organization and moralistic communication of ""Undou-kai"", whereas the ""Undou-kai"" also decreased their costs to maintain their membership by making their operating cost internalized in the organization of the university. However, the number of students who belong to unofficial sport clubs is three times more than students who belong to the official sport club of ""Undou-kai"", which that the re-distribution system by university authorities and ""Undou-kai"" is unfair or inefficient for the students. We also investigated the possibility to make the distribution fair or efficient by Peer-to-Peer Networks using on-line reservation system for sport facilities.
著者
本迫 庸平
出版者
東京大学大学院教育学研究科
雑誌
東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, pp.105-114, 2010-03-10

This paper focuses on educational activities of “Educational Back-up Intelligence Center(EBIC)”, which is run by community's people. EBIC was established lately for the supports of its owner school(s) in Japan, and Ministry of Education has made it project since 2008. Through two antecedent EBIC's cases study, the paper points out its educational functions; discipline, primary career sense and learning attitude. On the other hand, EBIC's educational activities have difficulty because it is practiced by community's people as amateur teacher. The paper suggests how they tackle the problem.
著者
石田 英敬
出版者
東京大学大学院情報学環
雑誌
情報学研究 : 学環 : 東京大学大学院情報学環紀要 (ISSN:1880697X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.96, pp.1-26, 2019-03-29

I have taught the course in“ Information Semiotics” since the Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies at the University of Tokyo was founded in 2000. This article is a review of nineteen-years of teaching and research in the chair "Information and Man" which I held until March 2019. I situated information semiotics at the interface of human sciences and informatics, formulating its problematic as follows: “While people participate in semiosis, machines participate in information processing”. The origin of this epistemological interface can be illustrated by comparing Saussure’s “speech circuit (le circuit de la parole)” with Claude Shannon’s communication schema. I inscribe information semiotics in a broader perspective for a semiotics of media. The media are part of the fundamental structure of the human being articulating three dimensions of civilization: technique (the hand), cognition (the brain) and the social (the face). The media involve writing (écriture) in the sense of grammatology and grammatization. With the end of the Gutenberg era, there has been a generalization of technological writing with graph technology and tele-technology in the 20th century. After the revolutions of the analogue and digital media, the semiotics of media studies the “life of signs in society (la vie de signes dans la société)” (Saussure) mediated by analogue and digital writing. The axes of teaching and research of information semiotics consist in: (1) An epistemology of information semiotics (2) An analysis of the “life of signs” in the media society: criticism of the industrialization of consciousness and analysis of modern capitalism. (3) A methodology of criticism through the use of cognitive technologies. Information semiotics addresses a problematic of civilizational and cultural therapeutics. Contemporary man lives his life on the basis of the technological unconscious, equipped with communication artifacts and in permanent connection with information networks: hence the malaise of civilization of the prosthetic man. Information semiotics is this prosthetic man’s science for life, the knowledge of his consciousness and unconscious. The most crucial matter at stake is the autonomy and freedom of the prosthetic man who cannot not communicate through information and signs.