著者
宮永 孝
出版者
法政大学社会学部学会
雑誌
社会志林 = Hosei journal of sociology and social sciences (ISSN:13445952)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.3, pp.1-81, 2022-12

This essay is comprised of the following sections. Preface 1) The course of the centralization of administrative power 2) The preparatory stage of the Imperial Constitution 3) The Emperor Meiji and his politics 4) Compilation of the new government Penal Code. Lese-majesty (不敬罪) text as prepared by Boissonade. 5) Two Tokyo University professors discharged due to disrespectful nature 6) The Annals of Lese-majesty in Japan from the Meiji period until the Heisei era 7) The origins of affair, the number of cases and persons indicted for Lese-majesty over/during a 150 year period 8) The beginning and the repeal of the bad law. PostfaceThe Imperial Family was the head house (宗家) in Japan whose central person, the Emperor, was a living god who governed the Empire for thousands of years. The revised Criminal Code prescribed in 1940 ordained offenses against the Imperial Family as follows:Article 154 ……………… One who inflicts an injury on the Emperor or attempts to do harm him deserves the death penalty (死刑).〃 155 ……………… One who is disrespectful to the Emperor deserves more than 2 years of penal servitude.〃 156 ……………… One who defiles Dai-jingū (i.e. The Grand Shrine in Ise) deserves more than 2 years of penal servitude.〃 157 ……………… One who defiles the Imperial tomb (御陵) deserves one year of penal servitude.〃 158 ……………… One who inflicts an injury on the Prince Regent (摂政) or attemps to harm him deserves the death penalty.〃 159 ……………… This law also applies to the Empress Dowager, the Empress, the Prince Imperial, the Crown Princess and the eldest grandson of an Emperor.〃 160 ……………… One who inflicts an injury on the Royal Family or attemps to harm them deserves, the death penalty or imprisonment for life.〃 161 ……………… One who is disrespectful to the Royal Family will be condemned to more than 6 months imprisonment with hard labour or penal servitude not exceeding 10 years.〃 162 ……………… One who defiles the Imperial tomb will be sentenced to more than 6 months’ imprisonment with hard labour or penal servitude not exceeding 10 years.Also one who is disrespectful for the tombs of the Royal Family deserves imprisonment with hard labour not exceeding 10 years.〃 164(sic) ……………… One who breaks into the Imperial Palace, the Imperial Garden (禁苑), the Imperial Villa (離宮) or the Emperor’s Temporary Quarters (行在所) will be condemned to more than 6 months’ imprisonment with hard labour or penal servitude not exceeding 7 years.What is Lese-majesty? Nowadays this word seems to be an obsolete one. Very rarely do we see or hear the word. But in pre-war days this was a repressive law in company with the Maintenance of the Public Order Act (治安維持法) to support the Tenno System (i.e. the Emperor System of Japan). The Meiji government thought much of enacting a penal code to maintain the public peace and order.Gustave Emile Boissonade (1825~1910), a legal professor of Sorbonne, Paris, was invited to Japan to codify laws among which the Criminal Procedure Act, the Civil Law and the Penal Code were included. It was Boissonade who first mapped out Lese-majesty for the Empire of Japan, however, his original drafts were thoroughly revised to adapt themselves to Japan’s state of affairs. Lese-majesty was finally codified after undergoing much revision in the 15th year of the Meiji (i.e. 1882). The law lasted for 67 years until it was abolished by the order of Douglas MacArthur (1880~1964), the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in 1947.The masses in Japan long felt oppressed by the Tenno System living under the heavy pressure of it until the end of the Pacific War. There was no way to appeal to a higher court once charged with Lese-majesty. People sometimes exploded with rage which had built up for many years against the Emperor. The Emperor and the Royal Family were living human beings on the earth just like the multitudes. They are not of a different race. However they live in ease and comfort by the taxes we pay and being protected by the government, whereas the mass of people live in poverty. The difference between commoners and those of noble origin influence on wealth and rank. But the common people know how to resign themselves to their lot accepting the situation.
著者
横山 道史
出版者
横浜国立大学技術マネジメント研究学会
雑誌
技術マネジメント研究 = Yokohama journal of technology management studies (ISSN:13473042)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.21-33, 2007-03-28

本稿は、日本のフェミニズムにおいてエコフェミニズムが不在である理由とその背景について考察するものである。日本においても、エコフェミ論争(1985)が象徴しているようにエコフェミニズムに関する理論的知的格闘が存在してこなかったわけではない。しかし、日本においてエコフェミニズムがフェミニズムの一つの潮流として未だ根付いていないように見受けられるのはなぜなのか。本稿は、このような問題意識を基盤として、フェミニズムとエコロジー思想が接近・遭遇しつつも距離をとらざるを得なかった事情について考察するものである。その際、エコフェミ論争の議論を中心に検討し、また、日本におけるエコフェミニズムの可能性を探っていくという意味で欧米のエコフェミニズムの議論も併せて検討していきたい。
著者
東北大学史料館
出版者
東北大学史料館
巻号頁・発行日
no.1192, 2012-03
著者
高橋 秀直
出版者
京都大學文學部
雑誌
京都大學文學部研究紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University (ISSN:04529774)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, pp.45-110, 1998-03-31

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。
著者
林 衛 瀬川 嘉之 山内 知也 藤岡 毅 柿原 泰
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1-94, 2014-11-15

日本の一部研究者が多用するトランスサイエンス,作動中の科学,予防原則といった概念の有効性と使い方を現実の放射線被爆問題を通して検証する。「健康管理のあり方」(瀬川),科学的な問題としてのシーベルトの困難性(山内),長瀧重信らのいう「科学的」とは何か(藤岡),それをとらえきれていない変容するSTSの問題点(柿原)を議論する。1980-90年代におけるSTSの形成過程について論じるOS「STSをつくる社会:日本における科学技術社会論の形成と立論構造の変化」に関連し、本OSでは,放射線問題をテーマに,そのようにして形成されたSTSの今日的課題を浮かび上がらせる。
著者
乾 善彦
出版者
関西大学アジア・オープン・リサーチセンター
雑誌
KU-ORCASが開くデジタル化時代の東アジア文化研究 : オープン・プラットフォームで浮かび上がる、新たな東アジアの姿
巻号頁・発行日
pp.47-59, 2022-03-31

The Kansai University Library has many textbooks, those have many notes written into by scholars of the Japanese classics in late Edo period. This paper explains how much information can be gained by digitizing the text. For example, Yoshitaka Iwasaki's "Hyakunin Isshu Kaikansho" contains notes by Motoori Norinaga. Yoshitaka wrote Norinaga's notes in red ink, and then added his thoughts in light black ink. There are many other materials in which have Norinaga's notes, and by organizing them, we can learn how scholars of the Japanese classics studied the master's thinkings. The Kansai University Library has "Manyoshu" texts, those have many notes writen into Norinaga's thinking. One of texts is very similar to Norinaga's autographed text, that is Motoori-norinaga-kinenkan has. Another text has Nagase Masaki's notes. This is written with three colors ink, red blue and black. Red is Norinaga's notes, blue is another person's notes, and black ink is his own notes. In this way, a lot of information can be read by digitizing the text and organizing notes of meny texts written into by scholars of the Japanese classics in late Edo period.