著者
長崎 雅子 若崎 淳子
出版者
島根県立看護短期大学
雑誌
島根県立看護短期大学紀要 (ISSN:13419420)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, pp.87-95, 2001-03-31

本研究は,看護短大生の卒業研究における「やる気」に影響した要因を,学生に行った調査と教員の観察をもとに分析,考察を行った。その結果,「やる気」を促進した要因は,『交流』,『有効感』,『自己認識』であった。「やる気」の低下に影響した要因は,『臨地実習』,『関心の転化』,『休暇』,『健康状態不良』,『自己認識の低下』,『知識の不足』であった。学生の「やる気」と教員が観察した「やる気」を比較した結果,教員は学生の肯定的な言葉と自発的・積極的姿勢を「やる気」として観察していた。教員が「やる気」と観察した学生の肯定的言葉,自発的・積極的姿勢は,調査から得た学生個別の「やる気」と一致していた。しかし,外部から観察しにくい学生の潜在的な「やる気」については,教員は「やる気」なしと観察していた。
著者
永田 彰三
出版者
関西学院大学
雑誌
人文論究 (ISSN:02866773)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.1, pp.23-35, 2002-05-10
著者
高瀬 弘一郎
出版者
慶應義塾大学
雑誌
史学 (ISSN:03869334)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.4, pp.433-466, 1972-04

In the period of the Expansion of Europe, the Christian mission was not promoted only by the Vatican himself, but with the help of the Royal Patronage of Portugal and Spain. In addition, at that time they considered that it was their right to conquer, govern, trade with and evangelize the heathen countries, dividing them among these two Iberian countries. It may be said that the propagation of Christianity whose purpose should be a salvation of souls formed a link in the chain of the national policies. Consequently, in those days the evangelization had such a characteristic as going along with the military conquest in the territories newly discovered. It was not exceptional in Japan or in China. As a matter of fact, some missionaries had insisted that the arms should have been used in order to give swiftly a true religion to the heathen. To prove this fact, I chose the records of some missionaries such as Alonso Sanchez, Domingo de Salazar, Francisco Cabral, Gaspar Coelho, Alessandro Valignano, Pedro Ramon, Luis Frois, Pedro de la Cruz etc. preserved in the Archivum Romanum Societatis lesu at Rome and the Archive General de Indias at Seville. Some Catholic missionaries believed that the Edo Bakufu doubted if the evangelization was the preparation to invade Japan, and that these doubts would be the true cause of the Bakufu's prohibition of Christianity. It is true that the Dutch and the English who were the rivals in trade for the Portuguese managed to make the Japanese Government have these doubts, but it would be insufficient to consider the Edo Bakufu's prohibition of Christianity only as the undue suppression of faith and thought without paying regard to the characteristic of the evangelization in those days.
著者
宮内 勝
出版者
東京芸術大学
雑誌
東京藝術大学音楽学部紀要 (ISSN:09148787)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, pp.A25-A50, 1990

Few problems in the music world seem to have been, of late, more frequently discussed than those of contemporary music. Although the radical changes and the resulting unprecedented styles of contemporary music often cause us bewilderment and dismay, they do have something to disclose in their own way. Meanwhile we have already come down to the last decade of this century, which begins to enable us to stop and think about what has happened to music and understand it as it is. To have a clearer insight into this problem, we need to look back to the history of western music as a whole. H. Zenck and H. H. Eggebrecht insist that there are two mutually exclusive principles involved: numerus or the Pythagorean principle, on the one hand and affectus or the Muses', on the other. These dual principles imply that a crack runs through the very heart of western music and its history, which has manifested itself in the long-discussed problem of "form and content", and which has now proved to be of secondary importance. It is secondary because the "numerus and affectus" themselves are not so much principles now as what is to come later. The very principle of these old "principles" is the metaphysics of music: the belief that what is impenetrable to us, what cannot be heard, really exists behind what is heard. The beginning of this metaphysics, as we all know, goes back to the Pytagorean idea of music. It may not be too much to say that it was born from music. A retrospective research will show us that they, philosophical and musical metaphysics, come hand in hand down to us through history, only to find themselves about to collapse in our century. The strange way in which contemporary music presents itself comes from its desperate attempts to break through the frame of musical metaphysics. It no longer allows anything to be "behind its back"; there is nothing at all but can be heard in the music. This music, according to J. Cage, has become only something to be heard. This is a turning away not only from the metaphysics of music but from the traditional concept of truth, as well. In the old metaphysics only reason is believed to lead us to the truth, while the senses nowhere; the latter is thought to be unreliable, giving us nothing but illusions. But no longer do we have to doubt our senses so long as the truth comes to lie not in what hides itself but in what manifests itself. This is, so to speak, the phenomenological turn of music from metaphysics. However, this phenomenological turn of music should not be regarded as merely getting rid of the old metaphysics; it appears that it is throwing open the door to another kind of metaphysics to come: the pre-transcendental metaphysics of music. The music we hear has already been constituted as a sound-object by the intentional acts of consciousness, which leads us to the inevitable question: what is music before being constituted as an object? To this question we approach by way of the communication of music. The music in this sense is of course not what can be heard or perceived, but what should make it possible for us to hear. It might be thought to be a silent calling or a over-whelming force that no one could resist nor turn away from, which we call here "pre-transcendental affectus". This "affectus" is not a psychological phenomenon we experience every day nor even an aesthetical one, but a preceding ethical demand from "the outside" that disguises itself and emerges in the light of consciousness in the shape of pleasing and touching sounds of music. In every way of the communication in music lies hidden the fundamental silent demand of "music" and "our" silent response.
著者
伊藤 助雄
出版者
診断と治療社
雑誌
小児科診療 (ISSN:03869806)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.7, pp.1128-1137, 1996-07
被引用文献数
1
著者
江口 潔
出版者
THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, pp.129-149, 2013

本研究では戦前期百貨店の女子店員を取り上げて,技能観の変容過程を検討する。女子店員の職域が拡大したのは,彼女たちの賃金が安いというばかりでなく,彼女たちの対人技能が評価されたからでもあった。彼女たちが売場の過半数を占めるようになると,彼女たちの振る舞いは標準化されていくこととなる。ここでは,三越の女子店員を取り上げて,以下の3点について検討した。<br> 女子店員が採用されるようになった当初,百貨店では,彼女たちが永続的に勤めることを前提としていた。ところが,花嫁修業として働く女子店員が多かったこともあり,短い勤務年数が一般的となった。彼女たちの多くは昇進とは無関係に店員生活を過ごすこととなる。<br> 1900年代初頭には,女子店員は簡単な職務に配属されていた。それというのも,男子店員ほどには専門的な知識を身につけることができないと考えられたからである。その後,百貨店化がすすめられる中で女子店員の丁寧な応対が評価されたことにより女子店員は様々な売場に用いられていくようになる。<br> 1930年代には店舗の拡大を受けて,女子店員が売場の過半数を占めるようになる。この頃から三越では映画や写真を用いた店員訓練を導入して,標準化された対人技能を女子店員たちに学ばせるようになった。そこでは不特定多数の人に開かれた振る舞い方を身につけられると考えられていたのである。
著者
日比野 雅彦
出版者
人間環境大学
雑誌
こころとことば (ISSN:13472895)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, pp.25-33, 2005-03-31

『ル・シッド』はコルネイユの代表作であるばかりでなく、フランス演劇を代表する作品として知られている。作品の書かれた17世紀前半は、フランスが混乱期から絶対王政へと移行する時期であり、社会に対する影響力の強かった演劇の世界でも、当然、作品は時代の雰囲気を反映するものとなった。『ル・シッド』は現代では恋愛劇ととらえられることもあるが、当時のパリの観客にとっては、スペイン軍の侵略を撃破する英雄ととらえられたはずである。また、主人公の一人シメーヌも女性でありながら、男性的性格が強く描き出され、独特の魅力となっている。