著者

関口武彦

出版者

山形大学

雑誌

山形大学紀要(社会科学)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, 2007-02-15

著者

満州司法協会 編纂

出版者

巌松堂書店興安社

巻号頁・発行日

1937

著者

郡司 隆男 橋田 浩一 徳永 健伸 丸山 宏 長尾 眞

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.673-683, 1994-09-01 (Released:2020-09-29)

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前号 (Vol.9, No.4, pp.530-536) のAIマップは,我が国の自然言語処理分野のリーダシップを長年取ってこられた長尾 眞氏によるものでした.広い視野から現在の自然言語処理技術における問題点を論じる一方,これまでのアプローチに対しても厳しい批判を投じた provocative なものでした.ここではさまざまな観点から議論を沸騰させるために,自然言語研究においてそれぞれの立場の異なる4氏(大阪大学 郡司 隆男氏,電子技術総合研究所 橋田 浩一氏,東京工業大学 徳永 健伸氏,日本アイ・ビー・エム(株) 丸山 宏氏)にコメントをいただきました.また,コメントに対する長尾 眞氏の返答も同時に掲載することにいたしました. (編集委員会AIマップワーキンググループ)

著者

長尾 眞

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.4, pp.530-536, 1994-07-01 (Released:2020-09-29)

著者

FUNO Shuji

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Ser. B: Physical and Biological Sciences (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.9, pp.724-745, 2017

被引用文献数

5

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<p>Measurement systems are very important in urban design. This article reviews the theories of grid plans, particularly with respect to the spatial formations of ancient capital cities in Asia, and clarifies three Chinese Capital Models. The "Zhōu lǐ" Capital Model (Z) is based on the ancient text "Zhōu lǐ" that makes mention of the ideal city. However, because the description of the physical plan of the city is very brief and includes contradictory elements, conclusions regarding the specifics of the city design are extremely difficult to reach. This article proposes the most appropriate Model (Z) as an architype of the ideal Chinese city. Interestingly, there are no excavated examples of Model (Z). The two existing models, the Chang'an Capital Model (C), which is well known as the model for ancient Japanese capitals like Heiankyo (the present Kyoto) and the Dà Yuán (Dadu) Capital Model (D), the model for the city that is today Beijing, are described as Variants I and II, with a focus on the land division system of <i>bo</i> (street blocks).</p>

著者

長尾 真

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.6, pp.705-708, 1993-11-01 (Released:2020-09-29)

著者

長尾 真

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能 (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.6, pp.681-686, 1989-11-20 (Released:2020-09-29)

著者

辻本 太郎 奥野 英夫 川本 正純 錦織 綾彦 安雲 和四郎 布谷 晴男 大西 俊造 山口 雄三

出版者

公益社団法人 全日本鍼灸学会

雑誌

日本鍼灸治療学会誌 (ISSN:05461367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.118-128, 1981

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Acupuncture needles were inserted and artificially broken in subcutaneous and muscle tissues in rats. Movement of the needles in the body and histo-pathological changes thus induced were studied in this experiment.<br>The needles moved in the body most often within 2 weeks of the beginning of experiments. The movement was observed more frequently in the needles buried in the foreleg than in other parts of the body. It was supposed that the movement was related to the motility of this part. The thin or short gold needles moved least of all. In contrast, stainless steel needles moved more actively, sometimes being found in the internal organs, such as the liver, testicles, heart and spermatic duct. Most of the needles remaining in the body were encapsulated in connective tissues after several weeks.<br>General implications of the buried needles for a organism were discussed from the histopathological point of view.

著者

秋山 光和

雑誌

美術研究 = The bijutsu kenkiu : the journal of art studies

巻号頁・発行日

no.227, pp.1-18, 1964-03-09

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Genji Monogatari (Tale of Genji) written by a court lady, Murasaki Shikibu, at the beginning of the eleventh century has been a source of imagination for literature, theatrical art and fine art through the ages. Especially in the field of painting, pictures which illustrated interesting scenes of the tale were called "genji-e" and have been a popular subject until this modern age. Among existing examples, the beautifully coloured picture scroll made in the early twelfth century (owned by the Reimeikai Foundation and Gotō Museum) is the oldest, and the next is the Hakubyō-e-iri Genji Monogatari (Tale of Genji with Black and White Illustrations) introduced in this volume. For this medieval manuscript, we have at present the large part of the text of 'Ukifune', the 51 st of the 54 chapters (with 6 illustrations, 5 scenes) and a few detached pieces of the text of 'Kagerō', the next chapter, both being important chapters of the final portions of the story. 60 pages of the latter half of Ukifune retains its original bound book from and this is preserved in the Museum Yamato Bunka-kan. In this binding sheets of paper were pasted together for text and illustration pages. The reverse side of every painted page is blank. The size of the book measured to the purple cover is 23.7 by 18.9 cm. But because of the use of thread for rebinding in a later period, the text and illustration pages are now 18.6 cm. in width. On the other hand the copy preserved by the Reimeikai Foundation (Tokugawa Museum) were broken up and the separate pieces of paper were split into two sheets, that is to say, into a front and a back by a special technique applicable to Chinese and Japanese paper, and were laid out decoratively on a pair of gold-ground screens. It consists of 23 pieces of text of the first half on the chapter of Ukifune (of which three intervening parts are missing), 4 illustrations (3 scenes) from the same chapter and 7 text fragments from the chapter of Kagerō. The illustrations of 5 scenes we have in both the Reimeikai Foundation Text and Yamato Bunka-kan Text are given bellow. The maintheme of this portion of the story deals with the love struggle to win the hand of beautiful Ukifune after the death of Hikaru Genji, between the two court nobles, that is Genji's son, Kaoru, and his grandson, Niō-no-miya. (1) Niō-no-miya, who had anticipated that Kaoru had hidden Ukifune in a mansion along the side of the Uji River in the outskirt of Kyoto, calls on Ukifune guided by his subject, Tokikata, under the shield of night. The illustration depicts Tokikata and the horse, both waiting for their master who had sneaked into Ukifune's house. The stylized expression on the face of Tokikata and the accentuated strokes seen in the vivid rendering of the horse and groom make an interesting contrast, providing an important characteristic of the picture. (2) Illustration B and C, which are now separately pasted on the right and left screens, are thought to have formed originally one composition covering two pages. Inside the house of Ukifune on this wintry night, ladies-in-waiting are occupied in chit-chat as they sew, and the hostess reclines on her bed. The one who peeps in on this scene from the veranda in the lower right of the illustration is Niō-no-miya, who later crawls in by taking advantage of the pitch darkness and thereby reaches the bed by imitating the voice of Kaoru. In this illustration the traditional method of oblique bird's-eye view is adopted and the figures are proportionally large. It is a compositionally well constructed scene. (3) The whimsical Niō-no-miya on his return to his residence in Kyoto, tries to allay the dissutisfaction of Naka-no-kimi, his wife, by embracing her in the bedchamber. Though this illustration has been hardly damaged and the ink tones are now faint, by means of infra-red photography we are able to make the pattern clearer. (4) This is the scene of the day following Niō-no-miya's later visit to Uji, when he forced Ukifune to board a boat and took her to the house of his acquaintance on the other side of the river where they stayed overnight. Looking at the snow-covered mountains in the distance,SCIO. the deep hue beautiful in the evening glow, the two, each in his or her own heart, contemplate the composing of poems. The landscape viewed from the villa garden across the Uji River creates a perfect harmony with the silouhette of the spell-bound lovers near the veranda. The text explanation for this scene, which is the first part of the Yamato Bunka-kan Text, is inscribed in an decorative oblique arrangement of letters. (Pl. VIII-a) (5) Lovely Ukifune who has received a letter from Kaoru suspecting her change of heart, is bewildered by the attentions of the two suitors, and has difficulty in replying. This piece is done in clear-cut lines and the composition is hard and stiff. It is supposed that originally several other illustrations now missing were inserted in this Ukifune chapter. In reference to Genji Monogatari Ekotoba, a directory of the sixteenth century which contains suggestions for visualization of the scenes customarily selected from each chapter of the Genji Monogatari, one can reconstruct roughly the lost pictures. From the viewpoint of the history of painting, this black and white illustration is of the most excellent artististic quality. Some classi· cistic features seen is its methods of composition may have been taken from older works. However, the brush lines have a delicate accent at their starting point, and this creates a pleasing rhythm together with the movement of the lacquer-black hair of the ladies. Being different from the richness and elegance of the twelfth century Painting Scroll of the Tale of Genji (Genji Monogatari Emaki), it has an intellectual and a more or less detached feeling which is often seen in court art of the end of the thirteenth century. The calligraphic styles of the text are characteristic of this period in which the tradition of the Heian Culture tended to become degenerate as time passed. The calligraphic styles of Ukifune and Kagerō, while being very much alike do show a difference, the latter being the work of another hand which is believed to copy the style of the former.

著者

早川 尚志

出版者

日本イスラム協会

雑誌

イスラム世界 (ISSN:03869482)

巻号頁・発行日

no.86, pp.33-59, 2016-10

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This paper examines control over transportation in Eastern Turkestan under the rule of the late Mughūl Ulūs (mid-16th to late 17th century), the dynasty that was pivotal in completing the process of Islamization in Eastern Turkestan. Controlling transportation has always been of vital importance so that rulers retain their dominion and authority over a given territory, even more so in huge inland empires, like the ones that Muslims built in Eurasia during the Medieval Ages. This was the case in Eastern Turkestan going as far back as the time of the Western Turkic Khaganate. In the middle of the 13th century, this area hosted a well-maintained postal system known as "yāmchī system" under the Yuán dynasty. However, after the decline of Yuán dynasty's rule, the rise of the Chaghatay Ulūs and under the rule of the Mughūl Ulūs, it is not well established what kind of control regulated transportation in this area. In order to grasp the complexities of Mughūl Ulūs's rule over Eastern Turkestan from the perspective of transportation three points of interest are discussed. First, the manzil network is examined in order to give a picture of the infrastructure of transportation in this area. Second, travel passes are explained: which authority issued them, what was granted through their possession, and what was the state of affairs of the actual caravans 34 and the security that was promised to them. Last but not least, the argument is concluded by analyzing the postal systems in East Turkestan under the Mughūl Ulūs, where, contrary to the era of Mongol rule, a failure of the stated system is acknowledged. After giving an outline of the transportation system and the way in which it was governed during the late Mughūl Ulūs, the paper concludes that this represents a clear example of the failure of a transportation system in a country that was disintegrating.

著者

Ehiro Masayuki

出版者

Tohoku University Museum

雑誌

Bulletin of the Tohoku University Museum (ISSN:13462040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.5-9, 2019-03

著者

中村 仁彦 永井 清 吉川 恒夫

出版者

The Robotics Society of Japan

雑誌

日本ロボット学会誌 (ISSN:02891824)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.5, pp.489-498, 1986-10-15 (Released:2010-08-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

4 10

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本論文では, 複数のロボットマニピュレータまたは多指ロボットハンドによる協調的あやつりの力学が議論される.協調的あやつりの問題は2つの局面に分けられる.1つは複数のロボット機構による合力を決定することであり, もう1つはそれらの間の内力を決定することである.合力は外力や環境拘束を受ける物体のあやつりに用いられる.内力は最大静止摩擦係数の不確さや変動に適応するために用いられる.合力の決定に対して動的協調制御方式が提案される.また, 最大静止摩擦の拘束の下で対象物に任意な加速度を発生する能力である協調的あやつり可能性を確認するための1方法が提案される.最後に, 最適内力を最大静止摩擦の拘束を満たすために必要な最小ノルムの内力と定義し, 最適解を求めるために非線形計画法が適用される.最適解は, それが存在する限り, 最大〓組の代数方程式を解くことによって必ず求められる.

著者

藤井 建夫

出版者

Japanese Society of Food Microbiology

雑誌

日本食品微生物学会雑誌 (ISSN:13408267)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.61-71, 2006-07-31 (Released:2010-07-12)

参考文献数

106

被引用文献数

12 15

著者

斉藤 英里香 野中 弘敏 サイトウ エリカ ノナカ ヒロトシ Erika Saitoh Hirotoshi Nonaka

雑誌

山梨学院短期大学研究紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.47-59, 2011

著者

Euis T. YUNINGSIH Hiroharu MATSUEDA Ildrem SYAFRIE

出版者

Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences

雑誌

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences (ISSN:13456296)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.113, no.6, pp.293-309, 2018 (Released:2018-12-29)

参考文献数

49

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Tellurium–bearing gold, silver, and base metal assemblages characterize the epithermal mineralization in southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. The telluride deposits in this district consist of quartz–filled fracture systems of Late Miocene to Pliocene age. Most of the telluride mineralization in southwestern Hokkaido consists of vein systems or are massive in form. The dominant host rocks for this deposit type are intermediate to acid volcanic rocks. The gangue and alteration minerals are very fine to fine–grained quartz, chalcedony, anatase, zeolite, sericite, barite, adularia, chlorite, smectite or other clay mineral, while carbonate (calcite and rhodocrosite) and Mn minerals are poorly represented and rarely coexist with tellurides. The country rocks suffered argillic and propylitic alterations, silicification, and kaolinitization. Tellurium–bearing mineralization is related to or co–exists with sulfide and sulfosalt mineralization. The tellurides identified in the studied area consist of native tellurium, hessite, stutzite, petzite, sylvanite, calaverite, tellurobismuthite, tetradymite, Se–bearing tetradymite, tellurantimony, goldfieldite, altaite, coloradoite, tellurite, teineite, and poughite. The first crystallized telluride minerals such as native tellurium, stutzite, petzite, sylvanite and hessite are followed by calaverite, coloradoite, tellurobismuthite, tellurantimony, and altaite, indicating a decline in tellurium activity during telluride deposition with time. Microthermometry of fluid inclusions in quartz and barite indicate that the mineralization formed at moderate temperatures, ranging from 250–200 °C with low average salinity (1.9–5.7 wt% NaClequiv.). The shift in mineralogy reflects decreases in temperature and fugacity of sulfur, with a concomitant increase in fugacity of tellurium. Further decrease in fugacity of tellurium (coupled with decreasing fugacity of sulfur) resulted in deposition of Au–Ag–Te and other tellurides.

著者

北村 勝哉 吉田 仁 池上 覚俊 佐藤 悦基 田中 滋城 井廻 道夫

出版者

日本腹部救急医学会

雑誌

日本腹部救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13402242)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.565-569, 2009-05-31 (Released:2009-07-07)

参考文献数

10

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本邦の急性膵炎診療ガイドラインでは,急性胆石性膵炎における緊急内視鏡治療は,胆道通過障害や胆管炎合併例に推奨されているが,治療時期や方法は施設間で相違がある。当施設において,入院72時間以内に内視鏡的逆行性膵胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:ERCP)を施行した急性胆石性膵炎25例を対象に治療成績を検討した。年齢は,30歳から89歳,男性が14例,女性が11例であり,厚生労働省急性膵炎旧重症度判定基準における軽症・中等症が11例,重症が14例であった。胆道通過障害や胆管炎合併を有する急性胆石性膵炎に対し,早期にERCPを用いた内視鏡治療を施行することで,膵炎の病態は改善した。しかし,内視鏡的胆管ドレナージ術(endoscopic biliary drainage:EBD)単独と内視鏡的乳頭括約筋切開術(endoscopic sphincterotomy:EST)併用EBD,および早期結石除去術と待機的結石除去術において,入院期間,結石除去率,偶発症発生率に有意差を認めなかった。偶発症として,EST後出血,およびEBD後胆嚢炎に注意する必要がある。

著者

西村 周三 土屋 有紀 久繁 哲徳 池上 直己 池田 俊也

出版者

公益財団法人 医療科学研究所

雑誌

医療と社会 (ISSN:09169202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.109-123, 1998-05-20 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

64 56

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EuroQolは,包括的一元HRQOL尺度の健康指標である。翻訳プロトコルに従って日本語版を開発し, このほど公式版として認定を受けた。EuroQol質問票には, 完全版と臨床版の2種類がある。臨床版は, 回答者自身の健康状態を2つの方法で調査するものであり, まず「5項目法」として5項目により健康状態を特定したうえで, 次に「視覚評価法」として温度計に似た線分を使って健康状態の評価を行う。さらに完全版には, 臨床版の内容に加えて, 5項目法で記述された一連の仮想的な健康状態について, 視覚評価法で評価を求める部分がある。EuroQolは,薬剤経済学研究や一般市民の健康調査といった幅広い分野で国際的に利用されている。われわれ日本語版EuroQol開発委員会は, EuroQol Groupの定めた厳格なプロトコルに従って日本語版の開発を行った。今回の公式版の完成を機に, 薬剤の臨床試験やヘルスサービス研究等において, わが国においても今後幅広く利用されていくものと考えられる。

著者

東京市 編

出版者

東京市

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第5輯 市民体育資料, 1925

著者

上田 良光

出版者

消費者金融サービス研究学会

雑誌

消費者金融サービス研究学会年報 (ISSN:13493965)

巻号頁・発行日

no.6, pp.53-65, 2005

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97年11月26日の徳陽シティ銀行破綻は仙台市民や宮城県民にとって、必ずしも驚くべきことではなかった。なぜならば、96年5月23日の「社長交代劇」では大谷邦夫社長が相談役に、新井田時男専務が社長にと、既に数回にわたる大蔵省によるテコ入れがなされていたからである。徳陽シティ銀行は当初昭和17年4月宮城県内の東北、宮城、太洋の無尽会社3社が合併し、三徳無尽会社として設立され、昭和25年11月、社長に早坂順一郎が就任、翌年の「相互銀行法」施行に伴い、徳陽相互銀行となり、その後「早坂一族支配」が続くことになった。平成元年4月、日銀出身の甲斐秀雄副社長が社長に就任し、早坂一族以外から初の社長となった。平成2年6月、社長に大谷邦夫が就任、8月、普通銀行として「徳陽シティ銀行」に転換したが、業績悪化のため他の相互銀行より1年遅れたのである。さらに、平成6年、金融当局によって北日本、殖産銀行との合併による「平成銀行」の成立が画策され、3行頭取が合意に達し、東北では大ニュースとして報道されたにも関わらず、敢えなく破談となってしまった。それは不良債権が766億円と公表されたが、実際は1,000億円と云われ、また、東北の地銀、第二地銀中、貸出残高に対する比率も12.36%と最大で、七十七銀行2.06%、徳陽に次いで比率の高い福島銀行でさえ4.34%と、いかに高い数字かがうかがわれたのである。この合併劇の破談は徳陽の業績の悪化を世間に一層印象づけることになり、破綻への道を早める結果となったのである徳陽シティ銀行の破綻は「大蔵省主導の終焉」と位置づけられる。なぜならば、平成元年から8年まで2代続けて大蔵省出身の頭取が就任したにも拘わらず、破綻を食い止めることができなかったこと、さらには、大蔵省主導で平成6年に画策された北日本銀行、殖産銀行との合併による「平成銀行」が3行頭取の合意がなされたものの北日本銀行従業員組合、顧客団体の反対に遭い、敢えなく破談となってしまったことなどからも我が国の金融業界も「大蔵省支配」から次第に「市場原理」に近づきつつあることを示したものと言えよう。

著者

塚本豊次郎 著

出版者

泉友会

巻号頁・発行日

1928