著者
Miwa Morikawa Masahiro Shinoda Shinichiro Ohta Yuto Yoshida Takatomo Hirouchi Kanako Shinada Osamu Sasaki Takashi Sato Kenichi Kamachi Masaharu Shinkai
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.5528-20, (Released:2020-11-02)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
5

Objective We aimed to clarify clinical and laboratory characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and further explore the features to detect COVID-19 pneumonia at the first visit to community-based hospitals. Methods Diagnoses of COVID-19 were based on positive results from real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal-swab specimens. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients showing positive results. The clinical characteristics and results of blood tests were compared between the patients with and without pneumonia. The risk factors associated with pneumonia were then evaluated by a multivariable analysis. Results The study cohort comprised 154 patients, including 117 patients (76.0%) with pneumonia at first visit. Significant differences were seen in age, the frequency of fever, tachycardia, desaturation (peripheral oxygen saturation ≤95%), any comorbidity, neutrocyte count and fraction, lymphocyte count and fraction, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen between the patients with and without pneumonia. Using a multivariable analysis, CRP ≥0.3 mg/dL and fibrinogen >400 mg/dL were found to be associated with the presence of pneumonia. Conclusion Community-based settings for screening COVID-19 patients should perform chest X-ray and blood tests for white blood cell fractions, fibrinogen, LDH, and CRP. Of these, elevations in the CRP and fibrinogen levels could be critically associated with the presence of COVID-19 pneumonia.
著者
Akinari Noda Kikuko Morita Masaki Saito Teppei Shimasaki Daisuke Kurai Keitaro Nakamoto Haruyuki Ishii Takeshi Saraya
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.5565-20, (Released:2020-11-02)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
9

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to COVID-19 pneumonia with a chief complaint of persistent low-grade fever and dry cough for two weeks. Thoracic computed tomography demonstrated a crazy paving pattern in the bilateral lower lobes. In a COVID-19 ward, we used a novel wireless stethoscope with a telemedicine system and successfully recorded and shared the lung sounds in real-time between the red and green zones. The fine crackles at the posterior right lower lung fields changed from mid-to-late (day 1) to late inspiratory crackles (day 3), which disappeared at day 5 along with an improvement in both the clinical symptoms and thoracic CT findings.
著者
Takayuki Hoshiyama Tatsuhiko Wada Shin Nihonyanagi Ryo Kameda Minako Yamaoka-Tojo Michinari Fukuda Jyunya Ako Kunihiro Yamaoka Yoko Takayama
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.5601-20, (Released:2020-11-02)
参考文献数
42
被引用文献数
6

Objective To describe the clinical features and clinical course of individuals diagnosed with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or mild COVID-19. Patients The study participants consisted of 7 crewmembers of the passenger cruise-liner, Diamond Princess, who were admitted to our hospital after becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 aboard the ship. Methods The data on patient background and biochemical test results were obtained from the patients' medical records. All patients had a chest X-ray, and a throat swab and sputum samples were sent for culture on admission. Results The median age of the 7 patients, of whom 4 were male and 3 were female, was 39 years (range: 23-47 years). On admission, none of them had fever, but 4 (57%) had a cough. None of them showed any signs of organ damage on laboratory testing. Chest X-ray showed pneumonia in one individual, which resolved spontaneously, while the other 6 had normal chest X-ray findings. Culture of throat swabs and sputum samples revealed that 4 patients (57%) had bacterial upper respiratory infections (Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus). The period from a positive PCR test to negative conversion ranged from 5 to 13 days, with a median of 8 days. Conclusion Healthy young adults without risk factors who acquire SARS-CoV-2 infection may have an asymptomatic infection or may experience mild COVID-19. In addition to obesity, an older age, underlying illness, and being overweight can lead to a risk of exacerbation; thus, hospital management for such individuals may be desirable. Culturing respiratory samples may be useful for diagnosing secondary bacterial pneumonia.
著者
橋本 健二
出版者
経済理論学会
雑誌
季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.4, pp.29-40, 2008-01-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

This article aims to clarify the structure and dynamics of contemporary Japan as so-called "gap-widening society" from the viewpoint of class studies. For this purpose, 4-class scheme, which consists of capitalist, new middle, working and old middle classes on the basis of jobs, employment status, size of business and gender, is introduced and operationalized for quantitative analysis. Thereafter, economic disparity among classes are measured, income determination processes and income functions are estimated, and structure and trend of inter-generational class mobility is examined. Findings are as follows. (1) Class locations are very important determinant of income, independent of factors such as education, years of work experience and size of business. Income functions vary depending on class locations, which means different income determination processes exist corresponding to class locations. (2)Economic disparity among classes is expanding and its importance as component of total economic disparity is becoming large. Poverty rates vary greatly depending on class locations and these variations are becoming large. (3)Concerning about intergenerational class mobility, all classes show some exclusiveness, nevertheless capitalist class is extremely exclusive, and its exclusiveness has been strengthened in this 30 years. These findings imply that class theory and 4-class scheme have much power of explanation for social structure and processes of the "gap-widening society" in contemporary Japan. Speaking generally, contemporary Japan can be called class society.
著者
小林 智之 伊東 かおる 横田 祐未 佐藤 達雄 山田 真
出版者
一般社団法人 園芸学会
雑誌
園芸学研究 (ISSN:13472658)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.1, pp.65-71, 2019 (Released:2019-03-31)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
2

紫外光のうち280~315 nmの波長域であるUV-Bは,様々な病害に対し抵抗性を誘導するとされている.そこで,本研究では,キュウリおよびトマトの育苗期におけるうどんこ病抑制に効果的なUV-B照射条件を検討した.キュウリおよびトマト苗に対し,1日2時間連日の50 mW・m–2ならびに100 mW・m–2の放射照度では,化学農薬による慣行防除と同等のうどんこ病抑制効果が得られた.しかし,100 mW・m–2の放射照度では,葉の萎縮症状を発生させた.UV-B照射時間は,1時間では十分な病害抑制効果は得られなかったものの,2時間と3時間では慣行防除と同等の効果が認められた.以上の結果より,キュウリおよびトマト苗に対する50 mW・m–2かつ2時間連日のUV-B照射により,うどんこ病に対して化学合成殺菌剤に代わる防除手法として活用できると考えられた.
著者
吉田 栄一
出版者
錦正社
雑誌
軍事史学 (ISSN:03868877)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.2, pp.p63-76, 1984-09
著者
兒玉 学 戸瀬 義久 奥村 一彦 平井 秀一郎
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.20-00183, (Released:2020-11-13)
参考文献数
16

Electrolyzed water generator can produce acidic and alkaline water from tap water and electric power, and is expected to have applications in the food and medical fields for sterilization, cleaning and disinfection. However, there are still many unknowns about the internal phenomena of the electrolytic water production system, especially the two-dimensional phenomena that have a strong influence on the miniaturization, power saving, and longevity of the electrolyzed water generator. In this study, multi physics modeling of electrolyzed water generator and two-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to elucidate the fluid, electrochemical, and electrical phenomena in an electrolyzed water generator. The numerical model is built with governing equations from fluid dynamics, electrochemistry, and electrodynamics. The results show that the neutralization reaction with hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-) is an important reaction in electrolyzed water generator, and this reaction divides the anode cell into two regions (low pH region and high pH region), and the electrical conductivity is low in the low pH region. This region with low pH and electrical conductivity extends to the mainstream direction. The current density on the upstream of anode is higher than that of the downstream of anode. This occurs since the region with low electrical conductivity becomes increasingly thicker moving downstream.
著者
秦野 真衣 米澤 朋子 吉井 直子 高田 雅美 城 和貴
雑誌
研究報告数理モデル化と問題解決(MPS)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2012-MPS-87, no.33, pp.1-6, 2012-02-23

本稿では,子どもの空間認識能力を高めるための AR を用いた新たな学習方法を提案する.AR を用いる利点として,物体を実際に動かすことで子どもでも直感的に,動作と視覚の両方の感覚を使って扱うことができる点がある.また,空中に浮いている立体などの仮想立体でも提示することが可能である.本学習方法は,イメージの中で物体を回転させやすくなるような支援を行っている.学習者は AR 空間の中に表示された物体を別の角度から見る場合を想像し,想像された物体を新たに作成するものである.この学習方法による空間認識能力の学習効果を調べるために,小学生を対象とした実験と実験結果による分析を行っている.
著者
古沢 浩 伊藤 耕三
出版者
公益社団法人 日本油化学会
雑誌
オレオサイエンス (ISSN:13458949)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.11, pp.583-589,581, 2003

脂質ナノチューブは, カーボンナノチューブと違って, 外孔・内孔ともに親水性である。そのため, いくつかの潜在性をもっている。一つは, 生体系・微小管の代替品としての可能性である。そしてもう一つは, 内孔という一次元ナノ空間を, 化学反応や生体分子輸送の場として使用できるかもしれないという将来性である。本稿では, この脂質ナノチューブをマニピュレーションする方法を, 2つ紹介する。一つは, 顕微授精などで用いられる微小注射針を利用する方法である。この方法を用いると, ガラス基板上に, 単離したナノチューブを自由自在に任意の方向へ配列固定することが出来る。この我々の発見したマニピュレーション法は, 応用上有望であると思われる。例えば, 半分ほどチューブを注射針から出した状態で固定できれば, ナノピペットが作れるかもしれない。一方, もう一つのマニピュレーション法は, レーザピンセットを用いた方法である。これにより, 例えば, 一本のナノチューブを弓状に曲げることが出来る。そこで, この曲げた状態でレーザスイッチを切ったときの, 元の直線形態へと緩和する所要時間から, チューブの剛性 (ヤング率) を求めた。その結果, 微小管とほぼ同程度のヤング率をもつことがわかった。このことからも, 脂質ナノチューブは, 微小管・代替品としての可能性を持っていることが示唆される。さらに, ヤング率の温度依存性も調べた。この結果から, ベシクルへの形状転移温度よりも手前で, チューブが柔軟化する (すなわち, 壁面脂質の面内秩序が緩む) ことが明らかとなった。