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In the interwar years, Japan shared a concern common to many Western industrialized nations to seek balance of payments and employment stability on the basis of a gold standard system at the pre-war parity. In order to do so, governments introduced a mild deflationary policy but only to be suffered from stagnation of economy and employment. After Japan returned to the gold standard in 1930, exchange rate began to rise and it threatened a decrease of export level. Domestic demand declined and job losses spread to the chemical and heavy industries and to the mining industry. But with the government determined to continue fiscal and monetary restriction, merely awaiting a recovery from depression, both firms and farms lost their trading strength and unemployment grew. The combination of the Manchurian Incident and the Britain's decision to abandon the gold standard convinced Japan that maintaining the pre-war gold par was impossible and in December 1931, the Japanese gold standard was abandoned. After 1932, military expenditure was increased and it effected on employment of the skilled workers. But the improvement of employment was limited to the casual workers as the relatively poor recovery of agricultural production reversed the shock absorber effect of the agricultural sector pushing casual workers into industrial cities.

2020-07-16 12:01:47
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http://id.nii.ac.jp/1338/00000696/

1 0 0 0 トランスボーダーの人流:1930年代初頭ロシア極東から北海道に避難・脱出した事件を中心に (ロシアの中のアジア/アジアの中のロシア(3)) -- (トランスボーダーの人流)

著者: 倉田有佳
出版者: 北海道大学スラブ研究センター
雑誌: 「スラブ・ユーラシア学の構築」研究報告集
巻号頁・発行日: no.17, pp.67-80, 2006-09

2020-07-16 12:01:47
1 + 1 Wikipedia

https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40015138030

1 0 0 0 OA 1930年代における日本のモロッコ貿易をめぐる諸問題 : 外務省記録を中心にして

著者: 北川勝彦
出版者: 關西大学經済學會
雑誌: 關西大學經済論集 (ISSN:04497554)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.56, no.1, pp.53-75, 2006-06-15

1930年代、日本品は新市場アフリカへ進出した。日本品にとって重要な市場となったのは、エジプト、南アフリカ、イギリス領東アフリカ、フランス領アフリカおよびモロッコであった。本研究ノートでは、モロッコ市場への日本品、とくに綿織物と日本茶の進出状況について考察した。日本品の進出を可能にしたのは、カサブランカに開設された領事館における市場調査と通商情報の提供であったが、モロッコをめぐる国際秩序が関係していた。しかし、1938年7月にイギリスとフランスの間で締結された通商条約は1930年代中頃における日本品のモロッコ市場への進出を可能にした国際秩序に影響すると考えられた。

2020-07-16 12:01:47
1 + 1 Wikipedia

http://hdl.handle.net/10112/12735

1 0 0 0 OA 読書案内サービスはなぜ必要か -貸出カウンター,委託,自治体行政とのかかわりをめぐって-

著者: 薬袋秀樹
出版者: 日本図書館協会
雑誌: 現代の図書館 (ISSN:00166332)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.34, no.1, pp.32-39, 1996-03

わが国では,公立図書館(以下,図書館という)の専門的サービスや司書の必要性に対する社会的認識は十分ではない。筆者は,その原因の一つは,図書館が重要なサービスの一つである読書案内サービスに本格的に取り組んでこなかったことにあると考え,貸出と読書案内に関して問題提起を行なってきたが1)2),最近ようやく実践的な議論が盛んになってきた8)。本稿では,これまでの問題提起を踏まえ,なぜ読書案内が必要なのかについてさらに掘り下げて考えたい。

2020-07-16 11:38:22
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http://hdl.handle.net/2241/102290

1 0 0 0 OA 世界終末の詩 : ビセンテ・ウイドブロ作『赤道儀』

著者: 鼓宗
出版者: 関西大学東西学術研究所
雑誌: 関西大学東西学術研究所紀要 (ISSN:02878151)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.45, pp.179-189, 2012-04

Ecuatorial (equatorial) is a long poem typical of the period when it was released in 1918 by Vicente Huidobro, the Chilean poet famous for his vanguard poem in Spanish, "Altazor." After he went to Europe in 1916 Huidobro wrote poems in French and aggressively pursued 'creacionismo' (creationism) – in other words, cubism in poems, at least at that time – in progressive works such as "Horizon carré" (square horizon). But with 'Ecuatorial' he returned to using Spanish. This work, which occasioned all kinds of praise and censure because of their experimentation, is heavily tinged with the anxiety people felt due to by World War I. This paper discusses the meaning of the title of the poem and then clarifies what "Ecuatorial" intends to say based on the hint derived from the image that the word "airplane" bears in this poem.

2020-07-16 11:16:07
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http://hdl.handle.net/10112/7306

1 0 0 0 IR 現代韓国語と日本語の「遭遇系間投詞」に表れる話し手の事態評価について

著者: 金善美キムスンミ
出版者: 熊本大学文学部言語学研究室
雑誌: ありあけ : 熊本大学言語学論集 (ISSN:21861439)
巻号頁・発行日: no.11, pp.69-84, 2012-03

本稿は韓国語と日本語の間投詞の用法において話し手と聞き手の、話題になっている事態や情報への関わり方について考察する。主たる観察対象は感情表出型間投詞の中でも特に意図していない状況に遭遇した場合や一時的に忘れていた情報を想起した場合に発する間投詞とし、話題となっている情報の帰属場所、話し手と聞き手の言語場における役割について検討する。

2020-07-16 11:12:43
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/120005418558

1 0 0 0 OA 正倉建築の構造と変遷

著者: 富山博
出版者: 一般社団法人日本建築学会
雑誌: 日本建築学会論文報告集 (ISSN:03871185)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.216, pp.37-48,65, 1974-02-28 (Released:2017-08-22)

Syoso classified the four important structures, Maruki-kura Ko-kura Ita-kura Do-kura in the Kodai Period. Maruki-kura meant log-type storehouse, Ko-kura shaved log-type to the heaxgonal section (Ko-Azekura, Azekura), Ita-kura plank-type used Otoshihame-system, Do-kura clay-type. Oku, Kurashita, Kurashiro, they were applied correspondingly to Syoso. In the Yayoi period, there were the storehouses for rice-ear looked like barn-style, made by the thin timber. Next the Kofun period, the storehouses appeared that made by the big timber and the plank between the posts. The beginning of the Kodai period, Azekura-system came over the sea from the continent. In seven century, the Japanese government requested to make the big granary for rough rice, so Ko-kura (Ko-Azekura) were borned for the granary like the silo. Because Ko-Azegi were firm and made easy like log-style. But by the shortage the big timbers and the limitation of the planning, so Ko-Azekuura were reduced to change the Ita-kura soon, and Ko-Azekura became used to the Treasure. Ita-kura, plank-system, were spreabed, and became the tradion of Wahu (Japanese style). In nine-ten century, the government not intended to much storage the rice. But the fire-proof structure were very important, and there were spread the Tawara (straw bag). So Do-kura made much popular in place of Ita-kura.

2020-07-16 11:09:31
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1 0 0 0 祝辞における労働とジェンダー――鐘紡・武藤山治の女性労働者に対する認識の分析を通して――

著者: 中川宗人
出版者: 関東社会学会
雑誌: 年報社会学論集 (ISSN:09194363)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.2017, no.30, pp.39-50, 2017

<p>Historical research on labor and gender in Japan is still insufficient. This paper analyzes the notion of gender held by Muto Sanji, who was a prominent business manager in Japan's cotton-spinning industry before WW2. Because the expectations demanded of labor show up in managers' congratulatory messages, we use Muto's congratulatory messages for data. As a result of our analysis, Muto's notion of gender includes (1) a justification of employment using a market-oriented logic, (2) essentialism regarding gender roles in labor, and (3) the justification of a gender division of labor via a genderized family concept. These findings have been overlooked in previous research.</p>