著者

雜賀 匡史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本在宅薬学会

雑誌

在宅薬学 (ISSN:2188658X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.40-43, 2019 (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

11

著者

藤田 健二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本在宅薬学会

雑誌

在宅薬学 (ISSN:2188658X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.44-47, 2019 (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

8

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本稿では,オーストラリアの臨床薬学教育を概説する.オーストラリアでは,医薬品適正使用の推進に向けて薬局は重要な役割を担っており,その役割を遂行すべく,2000 年以降に大学は臨床教育に力を注いでいる.3年次になると,学生達はケースシナリオを用いたチュートリアルを通して,各科目で学んだ知識をリンクさせながら臨床現場で必要とされる三つのスキル(情報収集スキル・情報解析スキル・情報伝達スキル)を習得する.反転授業をはじめとするオーストラリアの薬学教育の現状は,わが国の薬学教育のさらなる発展に向けたモデルとなりうるものであり,大学教員と薬局薬剤師がどのように連携すべきかを再考する機会を提供してくれる.また,Honours プログラムのように研究手法を体系的に学び実践する期間は,日本の大学教育または生涯教育の一貫として導入する意義は大いにあると考える.The aim of this paper is to overview clinical pharmacy education in Australia. In Australia, community pharmacies play an important role in responsible use of medicines. In order to fulfill its role, universities have been offering clinical pharmacy education since 2000. In the third year, pharmacy students are equipped with three practical skills (i.e. information-gathering skill, information processing skill, and information delivery skill) through case scenarios in an integrated manner with all disciplines contributing to each unit of study. Current status of clinical pharmacy education in Australia including flipped classroom can be a model for further development of pharmacy education in Japan and gives us an opportunity to reconsider how university staff and community pharmacists should collaborate. Furthermore, an implementation of honours program in Japan can be of significance in that they can comprehensively learn research methods and apply it in practical settings.

著者

高井 文子

出版者

特定非営利活動法人 組織学会

雑誌

組織科学 (ISSN:02869713)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.46-57, 2017-09-20 (Released:2018-01-15)

参考文献数

21

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本研究は,日本のオンライン証券業界を対象として,黎明期の新市場の中で戦略グループが誕生し支配的となっていくプロセスと,その中で模倣が果たす役割について,理論的かつ実証的に検討することを目的としている.これまで密度依存理論において議論されてきた競争効果と正当性効果との力関係の変化を計測していくことで,黎明期の企業間競争で模倣されることのプラスの効果とマイナスの効果の二面性を実証的に示した.

出版者

写

巻号頁・発行日

vol.円通請文 応安五年十一月二十一日,

著者

于 亜 高橋 正明

出版者

大手前女子大学

雑誌

大手前女子大学論集 (ISSN:02859785)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.105-128, 1997

著者

荻生天泉 繪

出版者

大日本雄辯會講談社

巻号頁・発行日

1941

著者

渡部 司

出版者

公益社団法人 精密工学会

雑誌

精密工学会誌 (ISSN:09120289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.9, pp.792-796, 2016-09-05 (Released:2016-09-05)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

加賀見 俊夫

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経ビジネス (ISSN:00290491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1728, pp.61-64, 2014-02-10

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東京ディズニーリゾート(TDR)も非日常というコンセプトで統一されています。東京ディズニーランド(TDL=1983年開園*1)と東京ディズニーシー(TDS=2001年開園)には、視界をさえぎる余計な建物もなければ自然の山もありません。人々が夢の世界に入り込めるよ…

著者

目崎 孝昌 佐竹 利子 福森 武 池田 善郎

出版者

The Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery and Food Engineers

雑誌

農業機械学会誌 (ISSN:02852543)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.5, pp.61-71, 2005-09-01 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

12

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米粒における短時間の水の移動に関する研究は, 洗い仕上げ無洗米のような精米後の処理技術を開発するために重要である。米粒内への吸水速度は, 乾燥や精米後の表面処理状態によって大きく影響を受けることが予測される。しかしながら, 微視的な穀粒構造の中で水移動を観察することは困難であった。本研究では, 液体窒素による急速冷却効果を利用して, 浸透水の氷結晶化による微細構造の変化をとらえ, 精白米中の吸水現象を可視化することを試みた。その結果, 精白米のデンプン胚乳 (デンプン貯蔵組織) では, まず水は複粒デンプンを通過し, 二次的に単粒デンプンを通って浸透した。さらに, 白米表面に糊粉層を残すと穀粒への吸水が妨害されることが確認され, アリューロン層を残すことは水浸入の防止策となるものと考えられる。

著者

髙場 理恵

出版者

中央労働災害防止協会

雑誌

安全と健康 (ISSN:18810462)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.45-47, 2018-01

著者

杉谷 理沙

出版者

立命館大学人文学会

雑誌

立命館文学 (ISSN:02877015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.637, pp.1261-1268, 2014-03

著者

深井 智朗 Tomoaki Fukai

出版者

金城学院大学

雑誌

金城学院大学論集. 人文科学編 = Treatises and studies by the Faculty of Kinjo Gakuin College (ISSN:18800351)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.120-132, 2013

著者

VASILESCU C.

雑誌

J Neurol Sci

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.129-144, 1978

被引用文献数

1 20

著者

高村 忠成 Tadashige Takamura

出版者

創価大学平和問題研究所

雑誌

創大平和研究 (ISSN:03876209)

巻号頁・発行日

no.20/21, pp.3-29, 1998-01-01

著者

朝鮮殖産銀行 編

出版者

朝鮮殖産銀行

巻号頁・発行日

1928

著者

工事画報社 [編]

出版者

工事画報社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7(5), no.75, 1931-05

著者

城戸 克己 廣瀬 恵美 片岡 裕美 増田 寿伸 田鶴谷(村山) 惠子

出版者

日本食品化学学会

雑誌

日本食品化学学会誌 (ISSN:13412094)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.68-76, 2019 (Released:2019-04-26)

参考文献数

18

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Many crude drug products elicit a bitter taste, because there are a variety of bitter components in them. However, there are no good methods of masking their bitter taste. Therefore, new masking methods are widely required. As a general method to administer crude drug products to patients, they are dissolved in hot water or mixed in food or juice. However, there is a risk that patients may not want to eat the food if the crude drug products alter the taste of the food. In this study, we conducted a sensory evaluation including a questionnaire in order to examine the improvement effect on swallowing a crude drug product in food. The screening tests were carried out to reveal what kinds of foods could improve the taste and texture of the crude drug product by mixing them with 30 kinds of foods. In the screening test, a statistically significant effect was observed on masking bitter taste. Based on this screening test, the bitterness masking tests were carried out with 6 kinds of foods. As a result, a commercially available swallowing aid jelly, vanilla ice cream, chocolate ice cream, condensed milk, peanut cream, and seaweed tsukudani significantly reduced the bitterness of the crude drug product. The tastes of these foods are strong, so it is necessary for patients with sugar and salinity limitations to consider the usage of these foods. These foods are relatively inexpensive and easy to obtain. Therefore, they might be useful for patients to take medicines such as bitter crude drug products following the instructions of a physician.

著者

Ippei Kanazawa

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.11, pp.1043-1053, 2017 (Released:2017-11-29)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

2 65

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Accumulating evidence has shown that bone and glucose metabolism are closely associated with each other. Since the risk of osteoporotic fractures is increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), osteoporosis is recently recognized as one of diabetic complications, called DM-induced bone fragility. Previous studies showed that collagen cross-links of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and dysfunctions of osteoblast and osteocyte are involved in DM-induced bone fragility. Circulating levels of AGEs and homocysteine are increased in patients with DM, and they directly impair the functions of osteoblast and osteocyte, resulting in decreased bone formation and bone remodeling. On the other hand, bone is recently recognized as an endocrine organ. Previous studies based on in vitro and animal studies showed that osteocalcin, which is specifically expressed in osteoblasts and secreted into the circulation, may regulate glucose homeostasis. Although several clinical studies reported the relationship between osteocalcin and glucose metabolism, further large-scale and intervention studies are necessary to confirm the beneficial effects of osteocalcin on glucose metabolism in human. It has been shown that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an intracellular energy sensor, is involved in bone metabolism. Adiponectin and metformin stimulate osteocalcin expression and the differentiation of osteoblasts via AMPK activation. Also, AMPK activation protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of osteocytes. These findings suggest that AMPK in osteoblasts and osteocytes may be a therapeutic target for DM-induced bone fragility.

著者

(梁) 皇侃 撰

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[3], 1800

著者

羽田 明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.6, pp.631-635, 2019 (Released:2019-05-12)

参考文献数

4

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The incredible speed at which research into the human genome has recently progressed has led to the widespread use of genomic data in clinical settings. The day will soon come when clinical practice that fails to utilize patients' genomic data will be considered outdated and will pose a high risk of legal action. In this lecture, I discuss several topics: 1.the progress of human genomic research, 2. Homo sapiens as just one of the many species on Earth; 3. the clinical applications of genomic research findings, with Kawasaki disease as an example;and 4.the current state of genomic research and its future prospects. Medical researchers and doctors have long dreamed of a day when health care services based on each individual's genomic data will be a reality;this is usually referred to as “madeto-order medicine,” “tailor-made medicine,” “personalized medicine,” and most recently, “precision medicine.” Thanks to the recent rapid development of genomic analysis,such as next-generation sequencing,as well as that of statistical analysis methods, it has been said that individual genomic data were available at a cost as low as$1,000 in 2014. Our planet is 4.6 billion years old, and life began 3.8 billion years ago. Since then,the Earth has witnessed the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic unicellular organisms, followed by multicellular organisms, photosynthetic plants, the Cambrian explosion of marine life, and the emergence of land-dwelling creatures. Our mammalian ancestors appeared during the age of the dinosaurs, which suffered a mass extinction due to a dramatic change in climate caused by an asteroid impact. The small dinosaurs that survived evolved into today's birds while the mammals of that era evolved to successfully occupy a diverse array of ecological niches. The human family appeared about 2.5 million years ago in Africa. Archaic humans, such as Homo neanderthalensis, lived among our Homo sapiens ancestors, who appeared about 200,000 years ago. Now we know that 21%of the human genome has genes in common with prokaryotes and other eukaryotes. The difference between our genome and that of the gorilla and the chimpanzee is only 2% and 1%, respectively. Among Homo sapiens, the difference between any two individuals is only 0.2%, which manifests as differences in skin color, disease susceptibility, and other traits. Kawasaki disease was identified by Dr.Tomisaku Kawasaki, who reported his findings in 1967. Since then, vigorous efforts have been made to identify the cause of the disease, but so far, nothing specific has been found. We therefore took a genome-based approach and identified several genes responsible for the development of Kawasaki disease. Because some of the identified genes are thought to participate in the Ca2+-NFAT signal transduction pathway, we hypothesized that cyclosporine A, which is known as a suppressor of this pathway, might be useful in the treatment of the disease. We performed an investigator-initiated clinical trial and confirmed our hypothesis. This was one of the first clinical applications based on human genome research. Now, there are several large-scale genome-based projects, such as the UK Biobank, that are open to any researcher who would like to make use of their resources. They also contain clinical information and patient data, such as socioeconomic status, and educational background. With these kinds of resources at our disposal, we can expect great accomplishments in the not-too-distant future.