著者
亀山 哲章 宮田 量平 冨田 眞人 三橋 宏章 馬場 誠朗 天田 塩
出版者
日本腹部救急医学会
雑誌
日本腹部救急医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13402242)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.233-237, 2015-03-31 (Released:2015-06-11)
参考文献数
9

現在胆管ドレナージは内視鏡的アプローチが第一選択となっている。術後再建腸管症例に対してもダブルバルーン内視鏡の普及により行われるようになってきているが,内視鏡的アプローチが困難な症例に対しては,経皮経肝胆管ドレナージ(以下,PTBD)が必要になる。PTBDは,当初はX線透視下に行われていたが,現在では,エコー下穿刺法が一般的に行われている。しかし,エコー下に非拡張胆管を描出し穿刺針を挿入することは困難であることがある。非拡張胆管に対しPTBDが必要な場合はX線透視下PTBDが有用であることがあり,その手技について症例を提示し,安全に施行する手技的ポイントを紹介する。
著者
松井 茂之
出版者
日本計量生物学会
雑誌
計量生物学 (ISSN:09184430)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.2, pp.127-139, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-05-18)
参考文献数
32

In this article, we discuss the role of P values in multiple testing to associate a large number of genetic or molecular features with a phenotypic variable of interest in biomedical omics studies. For multiple tests in such association analyses, we distinguish those conducted for confirmatory purpose, as seen in genome-wide association studies to determine disease-associated variants, from those for exploratory screening of associated features. For the latter, exploratory analysis, we discuss application of the ROC curve analysis used in diagnostic medicine, as an alternative, but more relevant framework, rather than the standard framework based on multiple testing that controls false positives only. Finally, partly based on arguments made in the field of omics studies, we make some comments on future endeavors by statisticians to disseminate discussions given in the ASA’s Statement on P-Values (Wasserstein and Lazar, 2016, The American Statistician, 70, 129-133) to improve statistical practice in various scientific fields.
著者
島田 貴仁 荒井 崇史
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.88, no.3, pp.230-240, 2017 (Released:2017-08-25)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
7

A field experiment was conducted to examine the factors in threat appeal responsible for maintenance of crime-prevention behavior. At four public bicycle parking lots, 256 riders with variable receiver vulnerability characteristics were encouraged to use an extra bicycle lock. They were randomly presented with one of three threat messages featuring victims of bicycle theft (identifiable victim, statistical victim, or control), followed by either high- or low-efficacy preventative-messages. After extra locks were installed on their bicycles, participants’ use of the lock was observed five times within 28 days after the intervention. A mixed-effect generalized linear model revealed that vulnerability of the participants increased the use of the lock immediately after the intervention. Meanwhile, highly vulnerable participants who were presented with an identifiable victim and high-efficacy messages decreased their use of the lock significantly compared to low-vulnerability participants and those who were presented with the low-efficacy message. The result implies that threat appeal strategies differ depending on receiver vulnerability and the type of preventative behavior.
著者
三輪 英人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会
雑誌
臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.4, pp.145-150, 2009 (Released:2009-10-15)
参考文献数
17

The placebo effect can be observed in various medical conditions, and has been documented by randomized placebo-controlled drug studies. One of the best examples is the placebo effect in Parkinson's disease (PD). The placebo effect is observable not only in drug trials but also with surgical therapies, such as deep brain stimulation, fetal tissue transplantation, and infusion therapy of a neurotrophic factor. A recent study using positron emission tomography (PET) with raclopride demonstrated that the release of endogeneous dopamine in the dorsal striatum mediates the placebo effect in PD, suggesting that the placebo effectiveness is achieved by endogenous dopamine supplementation. Although the detailed pathophysiological mechanism underlying the placebo effect is unclear, the placebo effect has been explained by two mechanisms: the conditioning theory (pavlovian conditioning) and the cognitive or expectancy theory (expectation of clinical improvement). Speculatively, it may be that the placebo effect in PD is related more to cognitive mechanisms. Numerous studies have suggested a functional relationship between dopamine and the reward system. Understanding the placebo effect is important for designing clinical trials and interpreting their results.
著者
渡辺 満利子
出版者
日本行動計量学会
雑誌
行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.2, pp.50-55, 2001 (Released:2009-04-07)
参考文献数
16

The fundamental process of Evidence-based Nutrition (EBN) is to examine proof by research on human beings. In order to develop EBN, it is important to develop a reliable method for the evaluation of dietary intake and a structured educational procedure based on information of accurate dietary intake. Data analysis based on scientific evidence can accurately produce an evaluation of nutrition education. The development of EBN will bring about the development of human nutrition and nutritional epidemiology.The present paper describes a practical nutrition education study based on EBN.
著者
Mikio Mukai Keiko Komori Toru Oka
出版者
Japan Atherosclerosis Society
雑誌
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.RV17027, (Released:2018-09-14)
参考文献数
52
被引用文献数
23

The advent of new chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic treatments has markedly improved outcomes in patients with cancer. However, increasing numbers of elderly patients with cancer and prolonged periods of treatment have made the management of cardiovascular complications and treatment-induced cardiotoxicity an important concern, and onco-cardiology has received increasing attention. The number of patients with cardiotoxicity, particularly atherosclerotic lesions, and the usage of angiogenesis inhibitors have increased, making the involvement of onco-cardiologists essential for effective disease management. A paradigm shift in immunotherapy was caused by the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Because vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in the cancer microenvironment and cancer immune function are interrelated angiogenesis inhibitors will most likely play an increasingly important role in combined immunotherapy. To ensure the optimal long-term diagnosis and long-term treatment of cancer and the effective management of treatment-related atherosclerotic diseases, the long-term continuous participation of onco-cardiologists is essential.
著者
Motoko Kawashima Kokoro Sano Sayuri Takechi Kazuo Tsubota
出版者
Japan Society for Occupational Health
雑誌
Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2017-0191-OA, (Released:2018-04-04)
被引用文献数
28

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a 2-month lifestyle intervention for dry eye disease in office workers.Methods: Prospective interventional study (randomized controlled study). Forty-one middle-aged Japanese office workers (men, 22; women, 19; 39.2 ± 8.0 years) with definite and probable dry eye disease were enrolled and randomized to an intervention group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 19). The intervention aimed at modifying diet, increasing physical activity, and encouraging positive thinking. The primary outcome was change in dry eye disease diagnoses. Secondary outcome was change in disease parameters, including dry eye symptoms, as assessed using the Dry Eye-Related Quality of Life Score, corneal and conjunctival staining scores, tear break-up time, and Schirmer test results.Results: A total of 36 participants (intervention group, 17; control group, 19) completed the study. The number of definite dry eye disease diagnoses decreased from four to none (p =.05), and the dry eye symptom score showed a significant decrease in the intervention group (p =.03). In contrast, the corneal and conjunctival staining scores, tear break-up time, and Schirmer test results did not differ significantly between groups.Conclusions: The 2-month lifestyle intervention employed in this study improved dry eye disease status among office workers, with a considerable decrease in subjective symptoms. Lifestyle intervention may be a promising management option for dry eye disease, although further investigation of long-term effects are required.
著者
Kazuki Watanabe Yuki Suzuki Show Inami Hirono Ohashi Takaomi Sakai
出版者
The Genetics Society of Japan
雑誌
Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.18-00004, (Released:2018-07-11)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
3

In many animal species, females choose potential mating partners according to their own preferences. Thus, female preference-based mate choice affects intraspecific mating success and prevents interspecific mating. To clarify the neuronal basis of female mate choice, it is essential to identify the important relevant sensory cues. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, the courtship song of males promotes female sexual receptivity. When wild-type virgin females can freely choose one of two types of courting males (winged or wingless males), they prefer to mate with winged males. Here, we report a crucial sensory cue relevant to this female mate choice. In a female choice test, female receptivity toward winged and wingless males was markedly reduced when females had auditory impairments, although females with visual or olfactory impairments showed normal receptivity similar to wild-type females. However, females with visual impairments did not show clear mate preference toward winged males. Thus, these findings suggest that females utilize visual cues in mate choice between winged and wingless males in Drosophila.
著者
Hiroki Nagashima Shuhei Kawaoka Yasunori Matsui Takashi Tachikawa Hiroshi Ikeda Yasuhiro Kobori
出版者
The Society of Photopolymer Science and Technology(SPST)
雑誌
Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology (ISSN:09149244)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.2, pp.163-167, 2018-06-25 (Released:2018-09-05)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1

The singlet fission (SF) is expected to be powerful tool for exceeding the theoretical limit of the power conversion efficiency on the organic solar cells. However, little is known on the intermolecular SF mechanism in the solid state. In the present study, we have investigated intermolecular SF in 2-phenyl-6,11-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)tetracene (TIPS-Ph-Tc) in frozen solutions using a time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance measurement at a low temperature. SF-born quintet states (Q) and subsequent dissociations into two triplet states (T + T) were detected for a diluted solute concentration of 10-4 M in dichloromethane. The microsecond triplet dissociation was found to occur due to the amorphous morphology in the frozen aggregate, suggesting that Q is generated as a trapped state. Furthermore, it was also suggested that the T + T dissociation follows the Q generation due to a T-T repulsion, whose energy were determined by the negative exchange couplings in the triplet pairs, (TT).
著者
ブッシュネル ケード
出版者
日本笑い学会
雑誌
笑い学研究 (ISSN:21894132)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.17-32, 2017 (Released:2018-01-13)

本研究では、会話分析の手法を用いて、日本語を第2言語とする観客が落語会でいつ、どのように笑うか、また笑うことによってどのような知識を主張するか検討する。データは外国人留学生向けに行われた落語会で収集したものである。分析では、①外国人の観客向けの落語会で演じられていた落語の構造的特徴である「ボケ+ツッコミ」というのがいかに笑いを適切な位置に産出するための探索の枠組みとなり得たかを示し、そして②観客、及び落語家を含める参加者がどのように「ボケ+ツッコミ」の出現によって可視化される「笑う位置」に「笑う」という行為を協同達成するかを示す。最後に、Sacks(1989)のアメリカ英語における冗談に関する研究と比較し、「笑う位置に笑う」という行為が、笑える要素を「理解した」という主張とどのように関わるかを検討していく。
著者
池田 流弥 安藤 一秋
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第32回全国大会(2018)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1E302, 2018 (Released:2018-07-30)

旅行者が土産を選ぶ際,その場所でしか手に入らない土産の需要が高まっている.その理由として,オンラインショッピングサイトで様々な土産が購入できることが挙げられる.しかし,現地でしか購入できない土産情報をまとめたWebサイトやサービスは存在しない.そこで,本研究では,現地でしか購入できない土産の情報を提示するシステムの構築を目的とする.本稿では,ブログ記事から土産の品名および販売店舗名を自動抽出する手法を提案する.そして,実験により提案手法の有効性を確認する.
著者
佐川 真由美 金子 武生 赤川 志郎 小野 憲一郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本獣医師会
雑誌
日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.11, pp.871-874, 1995-11-20 (Released:2011-06-17)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
4 8

給餌後の血漿クレアチニン (Cre) 値の増加の割合と摂食フード中のCre含有量とは高い相関性を有し, 高Cre含有フード給餌猫では血漿Cre値が摂食前値に復するまで約24時間を要した.猫の血漿Cre値の評価に当たっては, 給餌の影響を考慮する必要があると考えられた.
著者
村上 亮 小沢 慎三郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.209-231, 2004-12-27 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
1 6

To evaluate a reliability of GPS vertical data we mapped vertical crustal deformation field of Japan using continuous GPS measurements with a nationwide dense network (GEONET) of the Geographical Survey Institute during the period from 1996 to 2003. We confirmed that the GPS vertical deformation field reasonably agrees with those derived from leveling, tidal record and geomorphologic analysis. The conformity with the other data sets suggests a dependability of the GPS vertical results. The GPS data illustrate details of a spatial pattern of the vertical deformation field and manifest their usefulness when applied to constrain tectonic models. A subsidence along the pacific coast of the southeastern Hokkaido propounds a possibility of a downdip extension of a plate coupling reaching to the depth of about 80km. Uplift around Hidaka mountains in the central Hokkaido suggests a present-day mountain building process at least during the interseismic period. An apparent subsidence found in the central mountainous region of the central Honshu island contrasts sharply with the presumed uplift through Quaternary inferred from geomorphologic analyses. Vertical deformations along the Nankai trough in the southwestern Japan can be attributed to an elastic deformation due to a dragging of the subducting Philippine Sea plate. The GPS result confirms a coupling of plates and a resultant strain accumulation in the Tokai region. Those results demonstrate the usefulness of the GPS vertical data and encourage us in further applications in the studies to understand ongoing tectonic processes in Japan.
著者
里見 繁美
出版者
日本比較文学会
雑誌
比較文学 (ISSN:04408039)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, pp.99-111, 2002-03-31 (Released:2017-06-17)

There are significant similarities in the versions of the Urashima legend as told by Lafcadio Hearn and by Washington Irving. As a matter of fact, Hearn was so taken by Chamberlain’s version of “Urashima” that when he wrote “The Dream of a Summer Day” he attempted his own analysis of the Urashima legend. Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle” is often described as an American “Urashima” story by several scholars, including Mori Ogai. Hearn felt the same way but indicates Irving’s “The Adalantado of the Seven Cities” has more similarities than that of “Rip Van Winkle.” Hearn suggests, “There is another, much more like the story of 'Urashima' than 'Rip Van Winkle' is... I am sure that... you will agree with me... that it bears a very strong resemblance to the story of 'Urashima.'”This commentary is crucial if we intend to understand Hearn’s ideas concerning the Urashima legend, as well as one of the main motifs of his own stories. Hearn’s greatest interest in “Adalantado” was its theme of betrayal, which is also true of “Urashima.” However,there is no such element in “Rip.” This is why Hearn indicates an association with “Adalantado” to the Urashima legend rather than “Rip.” Specifically, the betrayal between men and women is a key aspect to consider in the analysis of Hearn in works such as Yukionna and his interpretation of the Urashima legend.
著者
渡辺 秀樹
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, pp.25-37, 1997-10-15 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1

This paper discusses the meanings of monopolization for the role of socializer, ie., child carer and also primary or nurturant socializer in the modern family, especially mothers.In modern societies, 1) the socialization process has become more discontinuous than in that of pre-modern societies. Children have their socialization experience not in the whole societies in which they live, but in their own famillies that are formed as isolated socialization systems. 2) The mother has held the monopoly for the role of parenting. Societies have lost the mechanism of multiple parenting and also the device of social uncle. 3) Anticipatory socialization has become the main process as opposed to participatory socialization. 4) In modern societies, the purpose of socialization is for mobility, ie., upward mobility in social stratification; anticipatory socialization is suitable for mobile societies. In other words, socialization is used not for ascription, but for achievement.As a whole, we can say that modern societies have lost their manifest function of socialization, although they have important latent or implicit effects upon socialization. Now, in contemporary societies changing toward the post-modern era, societies require us to construct a new socialization system to build a new manifest function of socialization, not monopolized by the family or by mothers, but taken by multiple socializers in broader societies as a socialization system.
著者
藤木 大介 岸本 康誉 坂田 宏志
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
保全生態学研究 (ISSN:13424327)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.1, pp.55-67, 2011-05-30 (Released:2018-01-01)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
5

近年、氷ノ山ではニホンジカCervus nippon(以下、シカと呼ぶ)が頻繁に目撃されるようになってきている。一部の広葉樹林ではシカの採食により下層植生の急激な衰退も観察されている。シカの採食の影響は周辺山系(北山系、東山系、南山系)の広範囲にわたって深刻化している恐れがあるが、現状では断片的な情報しかなく、山系スケールでの状況把握はなされていない。氷ノ山の貴重な植物相と植物群落を保全するためには、氷ノ山とその周辺域におけるシカの動向と植生変化の状況について早急な現状把握を行い、地域植生に対してシカが及ぼす生態リスクについて評価する必要がある。そこで本報告では氷ノ山とその周辺山系を対象に、シカによる落葉広葉樹林の下層植生の衰退状況、周辺山系におけるシカの分布動向、地域植物相への食害状況の把握に関する調査を行った。その結果、調査を行った2007年時点において、氷ノ山では山頂から東と南に伸びる山系において下層植生が著しく衰退した落葉広葉樹林が面的に広がっていることが明らかとなった。下層植生が衰退した理由としては、1999年以降、これらの山系においてシカの高密度化が進んだためと思われた。また、両山系でシカの高密度化が進んだ理由としては、隣接地域のシカ高密度個体群が両山系へ進出したことが考えられた。さらに、その背景には、1990年代以降の寡雪化が影響していることが示唆された。一方、最深積雪が3m以上に達する氷ノ山の高標高域では2007年時点でも目立った植生の衰退は認められなかった。しかし、春季から秋季にかけて高標高域へシカが季節移動してくる結果、高標高域でも夏季を中心にシカの強い採食圧にさらされている。山系では13種のレッドデータブック種(RDB種)を含む230種もの植物種にシカの食痕が認められ、一部のRDB種では採食による群落の衰退も認められた。山頂の東部から南部にかけては、すぐ山麓までシカの高密度地域がせまっていることから、高標高域の積雪が多くても、継続的にシカの採食圧にさらされる状況となっている。このため近い将来、高標高域においても植生が大きく衰退するとともに、多くの貴重な植物種や植物群落が消失する可能性がある。
著者
藤井 伸二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
保全生態学研究 (ISSN:13424327)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.1, pp.3-15, 2010-05-30 (Released:2018-02-01)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
4

京都府に位置する芦生研究林の枕谷において、シカ摂食圧の顕在化にともなう開花植物相と開花株数の変化を調査した。その結果、開花植物の種数は84種から56種に減少していた。開花株数の増減評価を行った77種の内訳は、顕著に増加したものが8種、顕著に減少したものが47種であった。22種は地域絶滅した可能性がある。大形の植物種において減少種数の割合が高く、小形の植物種については増減変化の顕著でない種数の割合が高かった。開花時期を検討した結果、春咲き種群に比べて初夏・夏咲き種群と秋咲き種群での減少種数の割合が高かった。したがってシカ摂食の影響評価のためには植物体サイズと開花時期の両方の形質が重要と考えられる。推定開花株数とシンプソンの多様度指数の季節変化パターンは大きく変化したことが明らかになり、開花植物を利用する訪花昆虫や植食昆虫に対する植物の季節的群集機能の変化が示唆された。
著者
服部 保 栃本 大介 南山 典子 橋本 佳延 藤木 大介 石田 弘明
出版者
植生学会
雑誌
植生学会誌 (ISSN:13422448)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.35-42, 2010-06-25 (Released:2017-01-06)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
12

1. 宮崎県東諸県郡綾町川中の照葉原生林において,シカの採食による顕著な被害が発生する以前の1988年当時の植生調査資料と激しい被害を受けている2009年現在の植生調査資料とを比較し,照葉原生林の階層構造,種多様性,種組成へのシカの採食の影響を調査した.  2. 階層構造についてはシカの採食によって,第2低木層と草本層の平均植被率がそれぞれ約1/2,1/5に大きく減少した.  3. 階層別の種多様性については全階層と第2低木層において平均照葉樹林構成種数がそれぞれ約3/4,1/2に大きく減少した.  4. 生活形別の種多様性については照葉高木,照葉低木,照葉つる植物,多年生草本において平均種数がそれぞれ2.4種,3.8種,1.2種,2.4種減少した.  5. 減少種数は25種,消失種数は35種,増加種数は6種,新入種数は33種となり種組成は変化した.  6. 他地域から報告されている不嗜好性植物と比較した結果,増加種のうちバリバリノキ,マンリョウ,マムシグサなどの12種が本調査地の不嗜好性植物と認められた.  7. 本調査地の照葉原生林の階層構造,種多様性,種組成はともにシカの採食によって大きな被害を受けており,照葉原生林の保全対策が望まれる.