著者
関口 倫紀 林 洋一郎
出版者
経営行動科学学会
雑誌
経営行動科学 (ISSN:09145206)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.1, pp.1-12, 2009 (Released:2011-09-16)
参考文献数
66
被引用文献数
2 1

We review the recent advancement of organizational justice research by focusing on three different kinds of individual motives (instrumental, relational and moral motives) toward a fair treatment and organizational justice climate as an aggregated form of individual-level fairness perceptions. The literature review demonstrates that since the early years of organizational justice research, the construct of organizational justice has been reconceptualized several times to contain broader and deeper meanings, which narrows the gap between practitioners' theories on fair management and scientific knowledge on organizational justice. Based on the review, we propose a comprehensive causal model in which top management's moral or ethical aspirations for establishing fair management lead to various kinds of fair practices, develop the organization's justice climate, and eventually promote a sustainable competitive advantage for the organization. We finally discuss the directions for future research.
著者
前田 駿太 増田 悠斗 佐藤 友哉 嶋田 洋徳
出版者
日本不安症学会
雑誌
不安症研究 (ISSN:21887578)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.1, pp.46-57, 2016-12-31 (Released:2016-12-31)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
2

本研究の目的は,社交不安症における心理的ストレッサーに対するコルチゾール反応についてメタ分析を用いて検討することであった。文献検索の結果,社交不安症の診断基準を満たす者と健常者の間で心理的ストレッサーに対するコルチゾール反応を比較している9報の文献が抽出された(社交不安症群:N=265;健常群:N=199)。そして,ベースライン期,ストレス期(ストレス負荷後25分まで),回復期(ストレス負荷後25分経過以降)の3つの時期それぞれにおいて,社交不安症群と健常群のコルチゾール値の差分値に基づく効果量を算出した。メタ分析の結果,いずれの時期においても社交不安症群は健常群よりも高いコルチゾール値を示すことが明らかになった。このことから,社交不安症においては直接的なストレッサーの呈示に対してのみならず,ストレッサー呈示前後の認知的処理によってもコルチゾール反応が亢進していることが示唆された。
著者
渡辺 守
出版者
日本臨床免疫学会
雑誌
日本臨床免疫学会会誌 (ISSN:09114300)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.5, pp.295-302, 2006 (Released:2006-10-31)
参考文献数
14

消化器関連領域の臨床医にしか持ち得ない臨床情報に基づいた研究課題を抽出し,臨床材料を用いて研究を展開し,臨床の現場に還元することを目的とした,我々が提唱する概念である「クリニカル・サイエンス」が,いかにこれまでの基礎医学にインパクトを与えたかを我々の実例を挙げて議論した.我々は潰瘍性大腸炎患者の中で胸部X線上,胸腺が肥大している患者が見つかったという臨床情報より,患者の血清中にIL-7を証明した.更に,大腸内視鏡にて得た臨床材料を用いることにより,IL-7が腸管上皮細胞から分泌され,周囲のIL-7受容体を持ったリンパ球の増殖を調節していることを初めて示した.その研究の過程で,IL-7受容体が腸上皮細胞にも発現することを見出し,腸管上皮細胞の傷害時には骨髄由来細胞が入ってきて再生過程をレスキューする可能性を発見した.更に,ヒト骨髄由来腸上皮細胞が再生時に分化の方向が変化して,分泌型腸上皮細胞に変化すること,IL-7の産生機構の解析にて分泌型上皮細胞からのIL-7が極めて特殊な分泌機構になっていることを見出した.最近の腸管免疫,炎症性腸疾患に関する研究の発展は基礎医学と臨床医学を両輪とし,病態解明とそれに基づく疾患治療法の開発が完全に併走した極めて特殊な形態で進んでいる.臨床研究者が大きなアドバンテージを持って研究に参加可能な領域であり,事実,臨床研究者の貢献は非常に大きいことを強調したい.
著者
野口 李沙
出版者
JAPAN SOCIETY FOR GENDER STUDIES
雑誌
日本ジェンダー研究 (ISSN:18841619)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2008, no.11, pp.29-41, 2008-09-15 (Released:2010-03-17)
参考文献数
17

This paper explores the process of social construction of gender through the use of media, specifically on video games. The paper focused on the game playing behaviors among male and female adolescent age 5 to 15. The data collected from the governmental statistics published from 1999 to 2006, and the data from official white paper from entertainment suppliers' associations. In order to clarifying the social/cultural aspect on game playing behavior in Japan, data from the U.S. statistics were presented as comparison. This paper tries to interpret the usages of video-game within Japanese contemporary society, and observe social/cultural context that to construct the uniqueness of popular culture, which deeply oriented to media technology.According to CESA (Computer Entertainment Suppliers' Association), nearly 70% of the entire software was produced for male children users in Japan. The compelling fact found through the data analysis from CESA in Japan and ESA (Entertainment Suppliers' Association) in U.S. was nearly half of the game users were children under age 15 in Japan. The users' sexuality is vividly described and shown the clear contrast between male and female in Japan than in the U.S Male children are obviously targeted as main game users, while female children were absent as users. What portrays here is an example of media's construction of gender-bias. Game industry defines children as “boy” gender, and ignored “girl” gender during the process of marketing. This finding presents the strict gender-biased ideology within Japanese society.What game culture portrays is the rigid gender-bias, and the passivity of users which far from nurturing one's creativity. To look at video-game as a toy for children, the playfulness of the game need to be re-examined. Toys can help one's psychological/physical development by training one's ability for socialization. Since video-games exhibit the rigid gender-bias that to determinate the user's perception toward the world, playing games fail to enhance the users' creativity. Games are not perfect toys for children since they determine the users' gender, but they are clearly exhibiting the social construction of gender.As conclusion, paper states the necessity of media literacy to educate majority to manage the critical thinking on media's presentation. In order to create the constructive relationship with media, to promote media literacy in general population is significantly meaningful and essential in contemporary society.29
著者
伏見 千宙 多田 雄一郎 増淵 達夫 松木 崇 菅野 千敬 岡田 拓郎 佐々木 剛史 丹羽 一友 町田 智正 三浦 弘規 後藤 俊行 黒坂 正生 鎌田 信悦 小高 利絵 矢郷 香
出版者
一般社団法人 日本口腔腫瘍学会
雑誌
日本口腔腫瘍学会誌 (ISSN:09155988)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.4, pp.232-236, 2016-12-15 (Released:2016-12-29)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1

当科にて救済手術を施行した口腔扁平上皮癌深部再発症例27例の検討を行った。救済手術後の1年生存率は75%,2年生存率は61%であった。無病生存期間は中央値10.9か月(2.6か月~61.3か月)であった。予後不良因子は術後病理断端陽性・近接および,原発巣亜部位が舌・口腔底・頰粘膜であった。原発巣再々発部位は,後方および副咽頭間隙が88%を占めており,後方の安全域の設定,副咽頭間隙郭清も考慮すべきと考えられた。
著者
松村 真宏 河原 大輔 岡本 雅史 黒橋 禎夫 西田 豊明
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.1, pp.93-102, 2007 (Released:2007-01-05)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1 3

To overcome the limitation of conventional text-mining approaches in which frequent patterns of word occurrences are to be extracted to understand obvious user needs, this paper proposes an approach to extracting questions behind messages to understand potential user needs. We first extract characteristic case frames by comparing the case frames constructed from target messages with the ones from 25M sentences in the Web and 20M sentences in newspaper articles of 20 years. Then we extract questions behind messages by transforming the characteristic case frames into interrogative sentences based on new information and old information, i.e., replacing new information with WH-question words. The proposed approach is, in other words, a kind of classification of word occurrence pattern. Qualitative evaluations of our preliminary experiments suggest that extracted questions show problem consciousness and alternative solutions -- all of which help to understand potential user needs.
著者
前田 淳 市岡 四象 井内 正彦
出版者
一般社団法人 日本肝臓学会
雑誌
肝臓 (ISSN:04514203)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.11, pp.832-836, 1976-11-25 (Released:2009-07-09)
参考文献数
8

われわれは慢性日本住血吸虫症患者の血中エストロゲン値を測定し,脾腫の有無と共に検討を加えた.1) 脾腫の発生は肝硬変を呈する男性,肝線維症を呈する女性に多い傾向がみられた.2) 血中エストロゲン値は肝硬変および肝線維症を呈するものに高値を示し,慢性肝炎を呈するものは全例とも正常範囲内であった.3) 脾腫のみられるものの血中エストロゲン値は脾腫のみられないものより高値を示すものが多く,肝硬変群では脾腫のみられる男女に,肝線維症群では脾腫のみられる青壮年の女性に高値を示すものが多かった.4) 妊娠回数との関係では肝硬変群では関連はうすかったが,肝線維症群では妊娠回数の多いものほど脾腫のみられるものが多く,血中エストロゲン値も高いものが多かったが,今後,検討を要するものと思われる.
著者
石田 均
出版者
杏林医学会
雑誌
杏林医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03685829)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.47, no.4, pp.163-165, 2016 (Released:2016-12-27)
参考文献数
7
著者
笠木 雅史
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2012, no.63, pp.171-184_L9, 2012 (Released:2012-10-16)
参考文献数
19

This paper aims to elucidate various arguments for Cartesian skepticism, reveal their presuppositions, and examine their plausibility. Cartesian skepticism concerns knowledge of the external world in general. Even though there are different arguments for Cartesian skepticism, their differences are often neglected, resulting in serious confusions. By analysing the premises and presuppositions of each argument, I attempt to figure out whether and to what extent it is plausible. The paper consists of seven sections. In Section 1, I introduce the problem of Cartesian skepticism. Then, from Sections 2 to 4, I review three different forms of the argument from ignorance, which appeal to different variants of the epistemic closure principle about knowledge. Among them, the standard closure principle is more plausible than the other two; one requires that S be logically omniscient, and one entails the notorious KK thesis that first-order knowledge requires second-order knowledge. The requirements these two closure principles impose on knowledge, then, are too strong. In Section 5, I discuss how versions of infallibilism are invoked in defending the first premise of the argument, viz., that S does not know that a skeptical hypothesis is false, of the argument from ignorance. On the other hand, some claim that the argument from underdetermination does not require infallibilism, and thereby undermines even fallible knowledge. In Section 6, however, I argue that it is hard to maintain that the argument from underdetermination fares well against fallible knowledge. The underdetermination principle, to which the argument appeals, is supported by premises at odds with fallibilism. In addition, the argument from underdetermination faces another problem: it presupposes that S's total evidence is restricted to sensory evidence, if it works against fallible knowledge at all. Since this presupposition is contentious, the argument from underdetermination against fallible knowledge needs more justification for its presuppositions, in order to get off the ground. Section 7 gives a summary of the paper.
著者
柴田 雅博 冨浦 洋一 西口 友美
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.6, pp.507-519, 2009 (Released:2009-09-04)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
5 7

We propose an open-ended dialog system that generates a proper sentence to a user's utterance using abundant documents on the World Wide Web as sources. Existing knowledge-based dialog systems give meaningful information to a user, but they are unsuitable for open-ended input. The system Eliza can handle open-ended input, but it gives no meaningful information. Our system lies between the above two dialog systems; it converses on various topics and gives meaningful information related to the user's utterances. The system selects an appropriate sentence as a response from documents gathered through the Web, on the basis of surface cohesion and shallow semantic coherence. The surface cohesion follows centering theory and the semantic coherence is calculated on the basis of the conditional distribution and inverse document frequency of content words (nouns, verbs, and adjectives.) We developed a trial system to converse about movies and experimentally found that the proposed method generated 66% appropriate responses.
著者
Takahiro Komori Kazuo Eguchi Toshinobu Saito Satoshi Hoshide Kazuomi Kario
出版者
日本循環器学会
雑誌
Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.CJ-16-0740, (Released:2016-12-23)
参考文献数
26
被引用文献数
1 47

Background:The cardiovascular prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been shown to be similar to that of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It is unknown which factors predict cardiovascular outcome in HFpEF. We tested the hypothesis that the abnormal pattern of circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm known as the riser BP pattern is associated with adverse outcomes in HFpEF.Methods and Results:We performed a prospective, observational cohort study of hospitalized HF patients who underwent ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Five hundred and sixteen hospitalized HF patients (age, 69±13 years; male, n=321 [62%]; female, n=195 [38%]) were followed up for a median 20.9 months. The composite outcome consisting of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events was observed in 220 patients. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, the riser BP pattern subgroup had a significantly higher incidence of the composite outcome than the other subgroups of HFpEF patients (HR, 3.01; 95% CI: 1.54–6.08, P<0.01), but not the HFrEF patients.Conclusions:The riser BP pattern was found to be a novel predictor of cardiovascular outcome in HFpEF patients.