著者

Shohei Kawachi Keisaku Fujimoto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.39-46, 2019-01-01 (Released:2019-01-01)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

2

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Objective This study was performed to determine the usefulness of a newly developed spirometer for the quantitative assessment of dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH) following incremental hyperventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The subjects were 54 patients with COPD and 25 healthy volunteers. Each subject was asked to hyperventilate for 30 seconds with stepwise increments starting at the resting respiration rate and increasing to respiratory rates of 20, 30, and finally 40 breaths/min while using a newly developed spirometer. The relationship between the observed inspiratory capacity (IC) reduction following incremental hyperventilation as an index of DLH and spirometry or the 6-minute walking distance was examined. Results The IC did not decrease significantly from the resting IC, even when the respiratory rate was increased, in the healthy volunteer group. However, in the COPD patient group, the IC decreased with increases in the respiratory rate. Significant correlations were found between all IC parameters and the severity of COPD. A significant negative correlation was also found between the decreased IC and the 6-minute walking distance. Conclusion These findings suggest that the quantitative assessment of DLH following incremental hyperventilation using the newly developed spirometer may be useful for the assessment of pathophysiological impairment in patients with COPD.

著者

平出 昌嗣

出版者

千葉大学教育学部

雑誌

千葉大学教育学部研究紀要 (ISSN:13482084)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, pp.249-253, 2014-03

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この18世紀の小説は,小説が本来持つべき主題と秩序と統一という概念を故意に壊そうとした作品であり,遊びと笑いの精神に満ちている。主人公の人生はほとんど描かれず,描かれるものは主人公の周囲にいる父親や叔父ばかりである。またプロットも,時間を追い,因果律に従って展開するのではなく,語り手の気分によって自由かつ奔放に展開していく。連想法というのがその方法であり,主人公の物語を進めるふりをして,脱線につぐ脱線で,その脱線ぶりを楽しみ,本筋はほとんど進まないというのが,基本的なパターンになる。さらに語り手は聞き手を人格化し,紳士淑女にひんぱんに話し掛けては,おしゃべりを楽しむ。また白紙や黒塗りのページなどの視覚効果も繰り返し現れる。このように,この小説のおもしろさは小説の概念を大胆に破壊し,読者を翻弄するところにある。This eighteenth-century novel aims to destroy the idea of theme, order and unity which any novel should have as a work of art, and has the lively spirit of play and laughter. What is drawn is not the life of the protagonist, but those of his father and uncle. The plot is made, not on the basis of time and causality, but according to the mood of the narrator, so it goes along free and extravagant. The method is that of association of ideas, by which the story makes digression after digression under the pretense of progression. Furthermore, the narrator enjoys the casual conversation with ladies and gentlemen, the personified listeners of his story. He also makes an appeal to the eyes, providing a blank or a black page, or line drawings. In this way, this novel enjoys throwing readers into confusion caused by the destruction of the idea of a novel.

著者

木村泉

雑誌

情報処理学会研究報告システムソフトウェアとオペレーティング・システム(OS)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1980, no.28, pp.1-6, 1980-10-24

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はじめての計算機システムに対面したとき、われわれはとかく欲求不満を味わう。計算機システム一般に関して十分な常識をもっている利用者の場合であってさえ、そのシステム固有の約束ごとを習いおぼえるまでは何となくがたがたする。システムが利用者に一般常識を要求することは理の当然であるが、システム固有のこまかいくせに関する精通を要求することは好ましくない。しかるにそういう不当な負担を利用者に課しているシステムは多い。例をTSSにとろう。どんなTSSにもハッカー(hacker)と呼ばれる人種がまつわりついている。システムのこまかいところをよく知っていて、常人には思いもよらないようなことを小細工(ハッキング?hacking)によってやってのけてしまう。彼らは、その神秘的能力ゆえに端末室などでは至って大きな顔をしている。一般利用者は、何となく釈然としないながら、圧倒的な実力差を認識してだまっている。これは実によく見かける風景であるが、あるべき姿とは思われない。ハッカーの跳りょうを許すシステムは悪いシステムである。理想をいえば、システムは計算機技術に関する一般常識をしっかり身につけた紳士淑女ならばだれでもさっと使える、というものであるべきだ。システム固有の知識がまったくいらないというわけには行かないかも知れないが、必要な知識の量は少なければ少ないほどよく、また適当なマニュアルないしオンラインドキュメンテーションによって容易に入手できるようになっている必要がある。本文では、こういう意味でTSSの「とりつきやすさ」について、二、三のTSSにとりついてみた経験に基づいて論じたい。具体的には筆者(どちらかというと事務計算向きのバッチシステムと、本来制御用として設計されたミニコンピュータに慣れた)が、通算約1年8か月にわたって米国に滞在していた間に、一般利用者として(つまりシステムそのものについて知りたいよりはそれを使って何かほかのことをしたいという動機で)接触した3種の代表的TSSについて、どんな経験をしたかを述べ、それをもととして上の問題を考えてみたい。

著者

明凌稚隆輯

出版者

林和泉掾刊

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[22], 1657

著者

植村 八潮 深見 拓史 野口 武悟

出版者

専修大学学会

雑誌

専修人文論集 (ISSN:03864367)

巻号頁・発行日

no.96, pp.165-181, 2015-03

著者

Tomohiro Yasumitsu Osamu Shimizu Hiroshi Shiratsuchi Yusuke Miyake Yoshiyuki Yonehara

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.595-600, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6

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The aim of this study was to determine the localization of aquaporin-5 (AQP5), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and laminin during regeneration of the rat submandibular gland. After duct ligation for 7 days, the regenerating glands were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 after ligation release to study the process of regeneration. Immunohistochemical staining revealed apical expression of AQP5 in many acinar cells, strong expression in intercalated ducts (ICDs) of the normal submandibular gland at Day 14, and strong expression in duct-like structures (DLSs) during regeneration from Day 0 to 7. However, a few AQP5-negative acinar cells were detected during regeneration. At Day 0, immunopositivity for TGF-β1 was detected in connective tissue. At Days 3 and 7 during regeneration, TGF-β1 immunostaining was observed in DLSs, which were surrounded by α-smooth muscle actin-positive thickened myoepithelial cells. Laminin staining was strong in the thickened basement membrane of DLSs at Day 3 during regeneration, but weak around acinar cells at Day 14. These findings suggest that TGF-β1 is involved in the environment around DLSs, myoepithelial cells and laminin, that DLSs have the same functional properties as ICDs, and that AQP5-negative acinar cells may be mucous cells.

著者

Takahisa Okubo Naoki Tsukimura Takashi Taniyama Manabu Ishijima Kourosh Nakhaei Naser M. Rezaei Makoto Hirota Wonhee Park Daisuke Akita Atsushi Tateno Tomohiko Ishigami Takahiro Ogawa

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.567-573, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

9

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Titanium mesh plate (Ti mesh) used for bone augmentation inadvertently comes into contact with medical gloves during trimming and bending. We tested the hypotheses that glove contact degrades the biological capability of Ti mesh and that ultraviolet treatment (UV) can restore this capability. Three groups of Ti mesh specimens were prepared: as-received (AR), after glove contact (GC), and after glove contact followed by UV treatment. The AR and GC meshes were hydrophobic, but GC mesh was more hydrophobic. AR and GC meshes had significant amounts of surface carbon, and Si content was higher for GC mesh than for AR mesh. UV mesh was hydrophilic, and carbon and silicon content values were significantly lower in this group than in the AR and GC groups. The number, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization ability of attached osteoblasts were significantly lower in the GC group than in the AR group and markedly higher in the UV group than in the AR group. In conclusion, glove contact caused chemical contamination of Ti mesh, which significantly reduced its bioactivity. UV treatment restored bioactivity in contaminated Ti mesh, which outperformed even the baseline Ti mesh.

著者

Hisanori Ito Takashi Kifune Misa Ishiyama Satoko Iwasa Hiroki Takei Tomokazu Hasegawa Masatake Asano Tetsuo Shirakawa

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.544-551, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

5

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Hypoxia after traumatic injuries to a tooth is one of the causes of subsequent root resorption. Inflammatory cytokines produced under hypoxic conditions are associated with root resorption, but the mechanism has not been fully understood. In this study, the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling in the regulation of CCAAT (cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine)/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expressions in immortalized human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was investigated. PDL cells cultured under a hypoxic condition showed an increase in the expression of C/EBPβ and RANKL messenger RNAs (mRNAs), whereas the expression of osteoprotegerin and HIF-1α mRNAs was unaffected. Hypoxia had no effects on the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the culture media. Treatment of the cells with dimethyloxaloylglycine, a competitive HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, significantly increased the expression of C/EBPβ and RANKL mRNAs. This suggested that the hypoxia-induced elevation of C/EBPβ and RANKL mRNAs was dependent on the HIF-1 activity. PDL cells transfected with a specific small interfering RNA designed to target the C/EBPβ gene showed a significant suppression of the RANKL mRNA. These findings indicated that C/EBPβ may play an important role in tooth root resorption via RANKL activation in hypoxia-exposed PDL cells.

著者

堀 恵子

出版者

大阪教育大学

雑誌

大阪教育大学紀要. I, 人文科学 (ISSN:03893448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1-9, 1995-09

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平塚らいてうの名は, 日本における女性解放の歴史の中で今も変わらぬ光を放っている。女性のみの手による文芸雑誌『青鞜』の発行や新婦人協会の設立, 「若い燕」と呼ばれた奥村博との共同生活, 与謝野晶子との「母性保護論争」と, らいてうの言動は常に世の人々から非難と賞賛で迎えられた。本稿では, そのらいてうと旅という, これまであまり注目されなかったテーマを取り上げ, 彼女にとって旅とは何であったか, 旅が彼女にどんな影響を与えたのかを考察し, 平塚らいてうという偉大な人物の全体像を把握する一助としたいと思う。なお本稿でいう旅には転地療養などの比較的長期間の滞在も含まれている。らいてうは1923年, 千駄ヶ谷の路地裏の借家で関東大震災に遭遇するが, 本稿は大震災以前の旅を主として扱っている。To get a better understanding of Hiratsuka Raicho, one of the first major feminists in Japan, this paper focusses on the relationship between Raicho and her travels. This virtually undiscussed theme leads to the following conclusions. For Raicho, to travel meant to go back to nature, from which she gets life energy which rules the whole universe. These travels also provided her an escape from stressful city life. They offered her an opportunity to gather her thoughts and to make important decisions. They enabled her to enjoy the pleasure of being a good mother and wife in the grandeur of nature. Furthermore, each journey prepared her for the next step in her life. Her invigorating address to the readers of Seito, "In the Beginning, Women Was the Sun" was created from the combination of her natural admiration of nature, spiritual maturity cultivated through ascetic practices of Zen, and her trip to the mountainous region in Shinshu. This trip also produced her pen name, Raicho. To Raicho, a city was a place where she needed to come back for its facilities-better schools and medical care. Even with all the problems of living in a city, Raicho could still contribute a great deal to raising women's position in Japan, because she knew she could go to back nature Whenever she felt the need, nature which she was certain would receive her with open arms.

著者

Takashi Kifune Hisanori Ito Misa Ishiyama Satoko Iwasa Hiroki Takei Tomokazu Hasegawa Masatake Asano Tetsuo Shirakawa

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.519-525, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

11

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Hypoxia induces complex cellular responses that are mediated by a key transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 promotes production of cytokines and angiogenic factors and contributes to recovery of injured tissues. In the present study, expressions of angiogenin (ANG) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are potent angiogenic factors in mammalian tissues, were examined in immortalized fibroblasts exposed to hypoxia. After 24 h of exposure to hypoxia, ANG and VEGF mRNAs expressions were significantly elevated in periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts but not in embryonic fibroblasts. Hypoxia also increased productions of ANG and VEGF proteins in PDL fibroblasts. HIF-1α mRNA expression was not affected by hypoxia in either fibroblast, although HIF-1α protein expression was enhanced after exposure to hypoxia. Treatment of PDL fibroblasts with dimethyloxaloylglycine, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that stabilizes the HIF-1α protein, significantly increased expressions of ANG and VEGF mRNAs under normoxia. This suggests that stabilization of HIF-1α is crucial for upregulation of ANG and VEGF in PDL fibroblasts. These results indicate that, under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α upregulates synthesis of ANG and VEGF in PDL fibroblasts and promotes angiogenesis.

著者

Tatsuro Suzuki Masahiro Kondo Ikuko Shibuta Hidekazu Nagashima Naoyuki Sugano Shuichi Sato Koichi Iwata

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.500-506, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) comprises several types of sensory fibers. To clarify whether each type of primary afferent is regenerated comparably after injury, we developed a model of complete IAN transection (IANX) in mice. A retrograde tracer, fluoro-gold, injected into the mental skin was transferred to the cell bodies of a subset of isolectin B4 (IB4)-binding (non-peptidergic C) or CGRP-positive (peptidergic C) neurons at 2 weeks post-axotomy, indicating that the injured C afferents had regenerated anatomically. IANX led to a decrease of IB4-binding and CGRP immunoreactivity (IR) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and within the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) (i.e. terminals of the central branch of TG neurons). Two weeks after IANX, the reduction in IB4-binding activity and CGRP expression in the TG recovered to the control level; however, IB4-binding within the Vc did not, suggesting that central branch non-peptidergic neurons remained impaired. Two weeks after IANX, pinching or heat stimulus-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation (pERK) was restored to the control level, but in the case of pinch stimulation the distribution pattern of pERK-IR cells was altered in the Vc. Taken together, our results support the possibility that peptidergic neurons regenerate more efficiently than non-peptidergic neurons after trigeminal nerve injury.

著者

Hiroki Komiya Kohei Shimizu Kae Ishii Hiroshi Kudo Teinosuke Okamura Kohei Kanno Masamichi Shinoda Bunnai Ogiso Koichi Iwata

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.493-499, 2018 (Released:2018-12-27)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

28

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Pulpitis often causes referred pain in opposing teeth. However, the precise mechanism underlying ectopic pain associated with tooth-pulp inflammation remains unclear. We performed the present study to test the hypothesis that functional interactions between satellite glial cells (SGCs) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons are involved in ectopic orofacial pain associated with tooth-pulp inflammation. Digastric muscle electromyograph (D-EMG) activity elicited by administration of capsaicin into the upper second molar pulp (U2) was analyzed to evaluate noxious reflex responses. D-EMG activity was significantly increased in rats with lower first molar (L1) inflammation relative to saline-treated rats. Significantly increased expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), a marker of activated glial cells, and connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap-junction protein, was observed in activated SGCs surrounding U2-innervating TG-neurons after L1-pulp inflammation. Daily administration of Gap26, a Cx43-inhibiting mimetic peptide, into the TG significantly suppressed capsaicin-induced D-EMG activity enhancement and reduced the percentage of fluorogold-labeled (U2-innervated) cells that were surrounded by GFAP-immunoreactive (IR) and Cx43-IR cells after L1-pulp inflammation. These findings indicate that tooth-pulp inflammation induces SGC activation and subsequent spread of SGC activation in the TG via Cx43-containing gap junctions. Thus, remote neuron excitability becomes enhanced in the TG following tooth-pulp inflammation, resulting in ectopic tooth-pulp pain in the contralateral tooth.

著者

滝沢 文教

出版者

日本地質学会

雑誌

地質學雜誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.9, pp.613-614, 1971-09-15

著者

蔵持 不三也

出版者

早稲田大学

雑誌

早稲田大学人間科学研究 (ISSN:09160396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.67-79, 2004-04-01

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In the end of November 1721, a great thief named Cartouche was sent off the scaffold of wheel at the Place of Greve in Paris. Chief of 366 followers forming a group "Cartousien", he committed with his complices many criminal acts like murders and thefts: their victims were a secret agent, messenger, merchant, and so on. Very interestingly, even before the execution of Cartouche, an Italian comedy titled "Cartouche and his company" was put on the stage of the Comedie-Frangaise in Paris, where Cartouche was indentified with Arlequin (Arlecchino), farcical trickster and descendant of "Familia herlechini". One year after the execution of Cartouche, his life story began to be published in the collection of "Bibliotheque blueu", cheep books of the colportage, and seemed to be distributed, by the beginning of 20th century 40,000,000 copies (!) for 40,000 editions. That is veritable best-seller book which shows us the popularity of Cartouche. In the popular imagnation, his negative characters became less distinct as time goes on. Then, laying emphasis on his extraordinary boldness and wiseness, people would get rid of their daily discontents or resentments due to the social injustice and unfairness. As the legendarization of histories makes a Hero, the historicization of legends makes an Anti-hero. We can find there a kind of representation of popular culture.

著者

Akane NOGUCHI Yasunori HAMAUZU Hisako YASUI

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.277-284, 2008 (Released:2008-10-18)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

10 12

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We investigated the possible anti–influenza virus function of Goishi tea, which is a Japanese traditional microbial fermented tea, in in vitro and in vivo tests. We found that Goishi tea hot water extract (GTE) inhibited hemagglutination caused by influenza A/ Puerto Rico/ 8/ 34 (PR8, H1N1) and influenza A/ Guizhou/ 54/ 89 (Guizhou, H3N2) viruses, viral growth in Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells caused by PR8, and viral infection of mice caused by nasal inoculation of PR8. Furthermore, we investigated the functional fractions of GTE and found that a high-molecular-weight fraction of GTE inhibited viral adsorption to MDCK cells and that low-molecular-weight fractions inhibited subsequent stages of infection, such as viral invasion, genomic multiplication, and release, after adsorption. These results indicate that GTE exerts an inhibitory property against influenza virus infection by inhibiting various stages of infection.

著者

戸田 真佐子 大久保 幸枝 原 征彦 島村 忠勝

出版者

日本細菌学会

雑誌

日本細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:00214930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.5, pp.839-845, 1991-09-25 (Released:2009-02-19)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

37 56

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茶エキス,緑茶から分離精製した(-)エピガロカテキンガレート(EGCg)および紅茶から分離精製したテアフラビンジガレート(TF3)はmethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)に対して抗菌力を示した。また,これらは食中毒材料から分離したすべてのS. aureusにも抗菌力を示した。紅茶エキスはS. aureus標準株およびMRSAに対してほぼ同程度に殺菌力を示したが,EGCgのMRSAに対する殺菌効果は標準株に対するそれよりもやや強かった。MRSAは紅茶エキスやEGCgに対して食中毒材料からのS. aureus分離株よりもより感受性であった。

著者

平田 雅之

出版者

未来医学研究会

雑誌

未来医学 (ISSN:09109870)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.50-58, 2017-03-15

著者

徳山 孝子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本家政学会

雑誌

一般社団法人日本家政学会研究発表要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, 2015

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<br><br><b>目的</b> 幕末から明治期における金モール刺繍の普及について着目した。この時期は西洋文化が導入され、軍服にもフランス、イギリス式が採用され、金モール刺繍が多く用いられた。例えば、金モール刺繍を施した肩章、襟章などがある。このように多くの用途があり、軍服にはなくてはならないものであった。<br>&nbsp; 本研究では、金モール刺繍を日本で製織するようになったきっかけ、製織技術の伝来、製織し始めた人物を明らかにすることを目的とした。 <br><b>方法</b> 研究を進めていくなかで、金モールの製造には中野要蔵が深く関わっていることがわかった。<br><b>結果</b> 東京・日本橋区呉服町で「中野屋」という名で洋織物商を営んでいた。最初は、慶応時代に輸入業を始めていたことがわかった。外国武官、外交官が来朝した際に、はじめて金モールが何であるかを知ったとされている。1872年の服装制定により、モールが肩章などに多用されることとなった。当初は輸入品で間に合わせていたが不便であったため、機械を購入して金モールを製造し始めたことがわかった。明治12年製造に着手して以来、各地で需要が高まり、東洋派遣米国海軍からの注文、特約店に命ぜられ、宮内省の御用達にもなった。

著者

松本 一郎

出版者

獨協大学法学会

雑誌

独協法学 (ISSN:03899942)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.1-91, 1997-12

著者

鈴木 寛 加納 寛子

出版者

日本情報教育学会

雑誌

情報教育ジャーナル (ISSN:24326321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.31-36, 2018 (Released:2018-12-04)

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この論文では,AI時代に必要な人材の条件について議論した.経済の側面では,高付加価値のサービスへの需要と供給が始まることが示唆された.人材育成の側面では,多様な人々と主体的に協働していく力の重要性が指摘された.