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It is a common knowledge that the geography of mineral production has attracted small number of geographers comparing with other fields of economic geography. Even though there have been several articles dealing with mineral production, most of them have been concerned with either the distribution pattern of mining activities, or the commodity or commodity-in-area approach.<BR>It is, however, expected that the analysis of more dynamic characters of mineral production, which are also covered by the field of mineral economics, would bring more fundamental basis to develop this field of geography. Two factors, localized occurrence and exhaustibility, are the most important characteristics of mineral production and these must be considered as basic to the study of the geography of mineral production. In other words, the former sets the distribution pattern of mineral production, and the latter and its derivatives differentiate the pattern. The problems which stem from these two factors distinguish the mineral industries from other industrial activities.<BR>It is the purpose of the geography of mineral production to evaluate the extent and nature of the factors, to analyze the regional characteristics and to describe the areal associations brought by mining activities. In addition, some consideration should be given to the phases which the factors have brought drastic interruption in the sequent occupance of a mining region.<BR>The geographers of mineral production should pay more attention to the importance of the dynamic characters of mineral production and their associated problems and try to consider the trends of mining activities on the basis of analysis of geographical research. The rise and fall of mineral production have a close relationship with socio-economic problems of mining regions, so that the analysis of the factors appraise more fundamental understanding of the ever-increasing importance of minerals in our economy.<BR>The writer owes a debt of thanks to Dr. Shinzo Kiuchi and Dr. Osamu Nishikawa of the Department of Human Geography, University of Tokyo, for their stimulating criticisms and constructive advices. He is also deeply grateful to Dr. E. Willard Miller of the Department of Geography and Dr. John J. Schanz, Jr. of the Department of Mineral Economics for their patient guidances and kind suggestions while he was studying at the Pennsylvania State University.

2018-03-10 17:04:25
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1 0 0 0 OA 鉱業地理学の本質と研究課題

著者: 山口岳志
出版者: Tokyo Geographical Society
雑誌: 地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.74, no.1, pp.34-44, 1965-02-25 (Released:2009-11-12)
参考文献数: 40

It is a common knowledge that the geography of mineral production has attracted small number of geographers comparing with other fields of economic geography. Even though there have been several articles dealing with mineral production, most of them have been concerned with either the distribution pattern of mining activities, or the commodity or commodity-in-area approach.It is, however, expected that the analysis of more dynamic characters of mineral production, which are also covered by the field of mineral economics, would bring more fundamental basis to develop this field of geography. Two factors, localized occurrence and exhaustibility, are the most important characteristics of mineral production and these must be considered as basic to the study of the geography of mineral production. In other words, the former sets the distribution pattern of mineral production, and the latter and its derivatives differentiate the pattern. The problems which stem from these two factors distinguish the mineral industries from other industrial activities.It is the purpose of the geography of mineral production to evaluate the extent and nature of the factors, to analyze the regional characteristics and to describe the areal associations brought by mining activities. In addition, some consideration should be given to the phases which the factors have brought drastic interruption in the sequent occupance of a mining region.The geographers of mineral production should pay more attention to the importance of the dynamic characters of mineral production and their associated problems and try to consider the trends of mining activities on the basis of analysis of geographical research. The rise and fall of mineral production have a close relationship with socio-economic problems of mining regions, so that the analysis of the factors appraise more fundamental understanding of the ever-increasing importance of minerals in our economy.The writer owes a debt of thanks to Dr. Shinzo Kiuchi and Dr. Osamu Nishikawa of the Department of Human Geography, University of Tokyo, for their stimulating criticisms and constructive advices. He is also deeply grateful to Dr. E. Willard Miller of the Department of Geography and Dr. John J. Schanz, Jr. of the Department of Mineral Economics for their patient guidances and kind suggestions while he was studying at the Pennsylvania State University.

2018-03-10 17:04:25
1 + 1 Wikipedia

1 0 0 0 OA 富士山周辺で発生するスラッシュ雪崩の発生条件の検討

著者: 中川達也荒木孝宏三輪賢志石井靖雄小川紀一朗千葉達朗佐野寿聰
出版者: 公益社団法人砂防学会
雑誌: 砂防学会誌 (ISSN:02868385)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.62, no.2, pp.56-59, 2009-07-15 (Released:2014-02-01)
参考文献数: 8

2018-03-10 17:03:24
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1 0 0 0 OA 麗史提綱 23卷

著者: [ (朝鮮) 兪[ケイ]] 編
巻号頁・発行日: vol.[20], 1667

2018-03-10 17:00:08
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1 0 0 0 OA 走行運動が老齢・中年齢ラット脊髄における脳由来神経栄養因子とシナプス関連タンパクの発現に及ぼす影響

著者: 白勢陽子桑原希望中本幸太木曽波音国分貴徳村田健児金村尚彦
出版者: 公益社団法人日本理学療法士協会
雑誌: 理学療法学Supplement Vol.44 Suppl. No.2 (第52回日本理学療法学術大会抄録集)
巻号頁・発行日: pp.0624, 2017 (Released:2017-04-24)

【はじめに,目的】脳由来神経栄養因子(以下BDNF)は,シナプスの可塑性に関与し,記憶や学習の形成において重要な役割を果たす分泌タンパク質である。また,BDNFは,Synaptophysinなどのシナプス関連タンパクの産生を促進し,神経伝達効率を改善すると報告されている。成人期ラットに対する運動介入では,脳内の様々な領域や骨格筋でのBDNFの発現を高めることが報告されている。しかし,老齢・中年齢ラットを対象とした長期的な運動介入が神経栄養因子に与える影響は不明である。そこで,本研究では,老齢・中年齢の2群の異なる週齢のラットに対する長期的な運動介入による運動療法の効果について,脊髄におけるBDNF,Synaptophysinの発現への影響を解明することを目的として行った。【方法】Wistar系雄性ラット20匹(老齢,中年齢各10匹)を対象とし,各群を走行群5匹,非走行群各5匹と無作為に分類した。走行群は小動物用トレッドミルを使用し,60分を1日1回,週5回,4週間の運動を行った。実験終了後,脊髄(L3-5レベル)を採取し,凍結包埋し厚さ16μmで切片作製を行い,一次抗体としてBDNF,Synaptophysin,二次抗体としてDylight488,Alexa546を使用し,蛍光免疫組織化学染色を行った。観察した切片は画像解析ソフトで解析を行い,脊髄横断切片の単位面積当たりの積算輝度を算出した。算出された値を比較するために一元配置分散分析を用い,Tukey法による多重比較を用いた(有意水準5%未満)。【結果】BDNFの単位面積当たりの積算輝度は,老齢群の走行群(8.69),非走行群(9.20),中年齢群の走行群(13.89),非走行群(7.93)であり,老齢群では両群に差はなかったが,中年齢群では,走行群は非走行群と比較して増加傾向であった。Synaptophysinの単位面積当たりの積算輝度は,老齢群の走行群(2.22),非走行群(1.79),中年齢群の走行群(4.26),非走行群(0.84)であり,中年齢群では,走行群が有意に増加した(p<0.01)。老齢群では,走行群が非走行群に比べ増加傾向であった。【結論】老齢群では,運動によるBDNFの増加はみられなかったが,Synaptophysinは増加傾向であった。中年齢群では,運動によってBDNFは増加傾向となり,運動によりSynaptophysinが有意に増加し,神経伝達効率が高まり活性化が図られた。週齢の影響では,加齢に応じて神経活性化の程度が異なり,中年齢群のほうが老齢群に比べて,神経活性化の度合いが高かった。Synaptophysinは神経小胞体の中にあり,神経伝達に関与している。運動により,Synaptophysinが増加することで,神経の伝達効率が高まったと考えられる。しかし,週齢により,運動による神経活性化の度合いの違いが明らかとなり,個別的運動介入の必要性が示唆された。