著者

Bhoj Kumar ACHARYA Lalitha VIJAYAN

出版者

日本鳥学会

雑誌

ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.131-140, 2017 (Released:2017-08-08)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

17

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We examined the vertical stratification of birds in relation to foliage in different vegetation types along an elevation gradient in Sikkim, Eastern Himalaya, India. We used variable-width point count methods for sampling birds spread across 20 transects along an elevation gradient from 300 m to 3,800 m above mean sea level. We estimated species richness, abundance and Shannon-Weiner diversity (H′) of birds in seven height categories (0 m, 0-5 m, 5-10 m, 10-15 m, 15-20 m, 20-25 m and >25 m). Foliage structure and complexity of vegetation was assessed along all transects following Erdelen (1984) and Jayson and Mathew (2003). Birds displayed distinct vertical stratification in terms of species richness, abundance and diversity in Sikkim. Overall, maximum species richness (231) was observed at 0-5 m height followed by 5-10 m, 10-15 m and the ground layer (0 m). There was no significant difference in stratification pattern among elevation zones. Each height class harboured distinct species composition of birds with low similarity among height categories. We observed maximum foliage concentration within 10 m height from the ground, and the trend was consistent in all of the zones. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relations between foliage abundance and species richness, abundance and diversity of birds. Results of this study have highlighted the significance of under-storey or sub-canopy vegetation in maintaining and conserving avifaunal diversity in the Eastern Himalaya.

著者

石木 隆治

出版者

東京学芸大学

雑誌

東京学芸大学紀要. 第3部門, 社会科学 (ISSN:03878937)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.109-119, 2005-01-31

著者

佐藤 貞雄 斉藤 工 大柳 康

出版者

The Japan Society of Polymer Processing

雑誌

成形加工 (ISSN:09154027)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.55-61, 1992

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In order to determine the thermal conductivity of molten polymers with greater accuracy, we improved the measurement device proposed in our previous paper. The accuracy of measurement of the improved device was within ±2.5∼3%. This improvied device was used to investigate experimentally the effects of molecular structure and polymer temperature dependence on the thermal conductivity of liquid crystalline polymers (LCP), and general-purpose polymers (GPP). The results showed that both of the thermal conductivity of LCP and GPP increased with raising of polymer temperature, while the thermal conductivity of LCP is 1.2∼1.7 times larger than that of GPP. The measured results also showed that thermal conductivity of LCP excepting LCP-XD 138 is influenced by the molecular structure. Namely, the thermal conductivity of III type-LCP which has flexible structure is 40% larger than that of the I type-LCP which has rigid structure. Furthermore, using a relation between the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity <i>a</i> (=<i>v</i>·λ/<i>C_p</i>, where <i>v</i>: specific volume, λ: thermal conductivity, <i>C_p</i>: specific heat), the temperature dependence of the thermal diffusivity of the GPP was examined and the thermal properties which dominate the behavior of those thermal diffusivity were discussed. The thermal diffusivity shows various behavior in accordance with raising of temperature. The temperature dependence of the thermal diffusivity is dominated by that of thermal conductivity in PC, PMMA and PA-6, by that of specific heat in PP, respectively. For all of these GPPs, the density change due to polymer temperature has little effect on the thermal diffusivity.

著者

関根 正人 浅井 晃一 古木 雄

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集B1(水工学) (ISSN:2185467X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.I_1423-I_1428, 2014 (Released:2015-05-18)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

6

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Recently, the warming on the earth advances gradually. Under such circumstances, occurrence frequency of the torrential rain increases in Tokyo. The technique of numerical prediction of the inundation is an effective tool in order to reduce damage due to such a torrential rain in urban area. In this study, the numerical prediction was conducted by using the rain data of the X-band MP radar as the first step to realize a real-time inundation forecast at the time of the localized torrential rain occurrence. Inundation in Shinjuku area that was highly-urbanized was investigated in this study by using the actual rain data that was measured locally on August 26, 2011. It was suggested that an inundation forecast could be realized soon in future.

著者

小倉 和子

出版者

立教大学

雑誌

立教大学観光学部紀要 (ISSN:1344767X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.97-100, 2001-03-23

著者

斎藤 明

出版者

日本印度学仏教学会

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.883-877, 1997-03-20 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

櫻井 智浩

出版者

大谷学会

雑誌

大谷学報 = THE OTANI GAKUHO (ISSN:02876027)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.16-37, 2002-11

著者

藤田 耕司 田中 伸一 谷口 一美 保坂 道雄 太田 真理 本多 啓 福井 直樹

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

新学術領域研究(研究領域提案型)

巻号頁・発行日

2017-06-30

著者

During Elie 森 元斎 檜垣 立哉

出版者

岩波書店

雑誌

思想 (ISSN:03862755)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1028, pp.250-278, 2009-12

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経コンストラクション (ISSN:09153470)

巻号頁・発行日

no.604, pp.6-11, 2014-11-24

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フランス北西部の湾に浮かんだ小島。古くからキリスト教の巡礼地であり、今では同国有数の観光地としても知られるモンサンミッシェルだ。1979年には周囲の湾とともにユネスコの世界文化遺産および自然遺産に登録された。

著者

小林 英恒

雑誌

情報処理

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, 1986-04-15

著者

石井 麻美 藤田 聡

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.851, pp.16-00532-16-00532, 2017 (Released:2017-07-25)

参考文献数

5

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The escalator is one of most important vertical transportation measures to connect each every one of storey-layers in buildings. During severe earthquakes, escalators are not only shaken by themselves, but withstand lateral relative deflexions induced in the structures or buildings installing them. Therefore, escalators are usually installed in the buildings with one side of them in fixed connection and the other side in free condition or utilized both sides in the non-fixed style in order to mitigate undesirable excessive deflexions induced in the truss-like structures of escalators. However, in the 2011 Pacific Ocean Tohoku-Oki Earthquake, fall accidents of four escalators occurred in the three locations. Escalator truss might come off from the beam of the building, because excessive lateral deformations were induced in the storey-layers with more than assumption where the accidents happened. During these accidents, it was also considered that a non-fixed part might collide with the beam of building by larger deflexions than expected occurred in the sliding parts; this collision might cause excessive compressive force and residual displacement in the escalator truss might be caused (Miyata et al.). Projects for the building standard development promotion program have been conducted by Japanese ministry of land, infrastructure and transport (MILIT) in order to improve and maintain the building standard by applying non-government organizations such as research institutes, private enterprises and universities. In these projects, investigations regarding elevators and escalators have been implemented since 2010. Especially in 2014, the loading tests were carried out to clarify the behaviour in such excessive condition using eight full size escalator-truss model at the Chiba NT campus testing cite of Tokyo Denki University. The results obtained in the tests have already been applied to the building standards law revision and the notice amendment (Tokyo Denki University and MILIT). From the above-mentioned background, the object of this research is to construct an analytical model to clarify the seismic response behaviour using the non-linear restoring force characteristics of the escalator truss model. In this first step of the study, an analytical model using a single degree of freedom model considering not only the non-linear behaviour of escalator truss but also the sliding friction occurring between the beams of buildings and escalators has been developed.

出版者

日経BP社

雑誌

日経コミュニケーション (ISSN:09107215)

巻号頁・発行日

no.503, pp.50-53, 2008-02-01

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iPhone,Android,従来の携帯電話に使われてきた〓Symbian OSやLinuxベースのプラットフォーム──。どのプラットフォームが今後,生き残っていくかは,システム・インテグレータ,ソフトウエア開発者だけでなくユーザーも無関心ではいられない問題だ。

著者

植田 直見 川本 耕三

出版者

マテリアルライフ学会

雑誌

マテリアルライフ学会誌 (ISSN:13460633)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.3, pp.89-93, 2005-07-31 (Released:2011-04-19)

参考文献数

9

著者

久野 修義

出版者

校倉書房

雑誌

歴史評論 (ISSN:03868907)

巻号頁・発行日

no.732, pp.40-58, 2011-04

著者

清水三男 著

出版者

伊藤書店

巻号頁・発行日

1943

著者

清水三男 著

出版者

日本評論社

巻号頁・発行日

1942

著者

マーク・トウェーン 著

出版者

内外出版協会[ほか]

巻号頁・発行日

1903

著者

天野 光三 前田 泰敬 二十軒 起夫

出版者

Japan Society of Civil Engineers

雑誌

日本土木史研究発表会論文集 (ISSN:09134107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.88-95, 1988

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関西地方には、古来よりの伝統と格式を持ち、多くの参詣客で賑わう寺社・仏閣が数多く存在している。これらの寺社への参詣客輸送を主な目的として、明治から昭和初期にかけて多くの地方鉄道・軌道や軽便鉄道が設けられた。<BR>関西鉄道 (現JR関西線) に接続して、伊勢神宮と結ぶ「参宮鉄道」(現JR参宮線) が、明治26年に開業したのを始めとして、明治31年には高野山と大阪を結ぶ高野鉄道 (現南海高野線) が開業した。その後、能勢電車、水間鉄道、天理軽便鉄道 (現近鉄天理線)、生駒ケーブル、参宮急行電鉄 (現近鉄大阪線・山川線) など数多くの路線が次々と生まれた。これらの鉄道の中には、第二次大戦末期に不要不急路線として資材供出の犠牲となったものも少なくない。このような寺社参詣鉄道は、安定した寺社参詣旅客の輸送需要に支えられて発展していき、大軌 (現近鉄) 系のように次々と路線の拡大をはかっていった会社も見られる。<BR>しかし、戦後、昭和30年代に入り、観光ニーズの多様化や、急速なモータリゼイションなどにより乗客の大幅な減少が引き起され、経営基盤が揺り動かされている鉄道路線も少なくない、また一方では、能勢電鉄や水間鉄道などのように、都市化の波に洗われ、通勤通学輸送を主体とした都市近郊鉄道に脱皮しつつある路線も出てきている。これらの鉄道について路線の成立と発展過程をふりかえり、大阪都市圏の鉄道綱整備に果たした役割について、その意義を考察するものである。

著者

青山 雅史

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.2, pp.342-358, 2012-04-25 (Released:2012-05-29)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1 1

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Air and ground temperatures on a periglacial smooth slope at Mt. Minamidake (3,033 m a.s.l.), northern Japanese Alps, were observed and used to compare periglacial conditions between alpine areas in Japan and Switzerland. These temperature data were combined with morphometric parameters to discuss periglacial processes forming a bouldery lobe and a pebbly lobe on the smooth slope. Freezing indices at the study site are smaller than indices in permafrost areas of Mt. Fuji and of the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido. Mean annual air temperatures at the study site were within the boundary values for the presence of mountain permafrost. Mean annual ground surface temperatures on the studied slope are comparable to or colder than those at the lower limit of permafrost in the Swiss Alps. Thus, ground surface temperatures on the studied slope indicate the presence of permafrost, unless an advective heat flow such as rainwater infiltration disturbs subsurface temperatures. The bouldery lobe has a smaller riser height than a typical rock glacier, but a larger one than a typical solifluction lobe. The morphometric parameters of the pebbly lobe are comparable to typical solifluction lobes, which originate from annual frost creep and gelifluction. The surface of the bouldery lobe lacks interstitial fine materials, and that of the pebbly lobe is partly composed of a fine debris layer. These conditions suggest that permafrost creep is responsible for the development of the bouldery lobe, while the pebbly lobe originates from annual frost creep and gelifluction.