著者
雲田平太郎 著
出版者
棚田岩次郎
巻号頁・発行日
1894
著者
川崎源太郎 著
出版者
竜泉堂
巻号頁・発行日
1888
著者
Jean Wahl
出版者
Payot
巻号頁・発行日
1968
著者
岡崎 正和
出版者
全国数学教育学会
雑誌
数学教育学研究 : 全国数学教育学会誌 (ISSN:13412620)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, pp.1-13, 2007

This paper focuses on a design experiment methodology in mathematics education which has been developed as a methodology for establishing a close and dynamic relationship between theory and practice, and discusses the comprehensive characteristics of the methodology. The design experiment methodology intends to develop (local) theories in mathematics education through designing, practicing and systematically analyzing daily classroom lessons over a relatively long period, where a researcher is responsible for students' mathematical learning in collaboration with a teacher. However, the methodology has also been questioned as to its scientific quality by the positivist scholars, since it explicitly deals with classroom practices that can be characterized as complex phenomena. Thus, this paper tries to place the design experiment methodology especially from a scientific point of view. The points discussed in this paper are the following. 1. The design experiment is an effective methodology for realizing mathematics education as a design science, and it intends to create a fruitful relationship between theory and practice. 2. The design experiment aims to construct a class of theories about the process of learning and the means that are designed to support that learning through (a) designing and planning the learning environments, (b) experimenting the design and the ongoing analysis, and (c) the retrospective analysis. 3. The design experiment is an interventionist methodology that goes through an iterative design process featuring cycles of invention and revision. 4. The design experiment has its intention of producing a theory which premises a social and cultural nature of the classroom, active roles of teacher and students, and learning ecologies and complexities of the community. Thus, it is opposed to an orientation of theory-testing that the positivist studies adopt. 5. The design experiment has been critically discussed in terms of the traditional scientific criteria like generalizability, reliability, replicability and others. 6. We can indicate four points as our tasks for enhancing the scientific qualities of the design experiment; ・Implementing consciously both processes from scholarly knowledge to teaching, and conversely from craft knowledge to researching and scholarly knowledge, ・Analyzing practical data in a systematic way and unfolding a logic of the analysis, ・Assessing and evaluating the design experiment using the revised scientific criteria, and ・Placing some philosophy which the design experiment is based on.
著者
北畠 真 三露 常男 和佐 清孝
出版者
公益社団法人 応用物理学会
雑誌
応用物理 (ISSN:03698009)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.6, pp.568-575, 1985-06-10 (Released:2009-02-09)
参考文献数
28

ABO3型の強誘電性物質のアモルファス状態について解説する.ここで用いるアモルファス誘電体とは,上記の意味で,ガラスや無機ガラスではない.アモルファス誘電体としてPbTiO3とLiNbO3を例にとり,その形成を,ロール対法とスパッタ法と比較して説明する.スパッタ法によって得られる特有のアモルファスPbTiO3, アモルファスPbTiO3の結晶化過程,アモルファスLiNbO3の示す高誘電率の原因等について述べる.
著者
岡田 文弘
出版者
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部インド哲学仏教学研究室
雑誌
インド哲学仏教学研究 (ISSN:09197907)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.105-117, 2014-03-31

The Dai Nihonkoku Hokekyō Genki (大日本国法華経験記), is an eleventh-century collection of Buddhist tales written by the monk Chingen (鎮源). In this Genki, there are many stories concerning non-human beings (called irui, 異類), and this study is aims to examine how such beings are depicted in this work. Specifically, it focuses on the story of “Iga o kuni hō’on zennan” (伊賀国報恩善男, Episode no. 106). This tale depicts a beggar-monk who by elucidates the fate of a woman had been reborn as a cow, and by doing so, saves her. In this paper, I discuss how non-human beings feature in Genki episode 106, and show how these unique features may have arisen from Chingen’s Lotus Sūtra-inspired thought. Chingen wrote this tale based on one of the stories in the Nihon-ryōiki (日本霊異記, vol. 2, story no. 15) and the Sanbō-ekotoba (三宝絵詞, vol. 2, story no. 11). Furthermore, a version of this story appears later in the Konjaku Monogatari shū (今昔物語集, vol. 14, story no. 13). By comparing these four tales, this research aims to find what elements are original to Chingen’s Genki. For example, we find that Chingen cut out a description of the miraculousness of the Heart Sūtra (Hannya-Shingyō, 般若心経) and replaced it with text in praise of a monk (i.e. zanbun, 賛文), based on a section of the Lotus Sūtra (Hoke-kyō, 法華 経). Next, I considered what meaning these unique aspects of episode 106 of Chingen’s Genki would have had in context, with respect to his specific audience. In other variations of the story, the merit gained from copying the Lotus Sūtra by the son of the woman who had been reborn as cow, is combined with the merit from the hannya darani (般若陀羅尼) said by the monk, and given to the cow. That is to say, the one who is saved (the cow-woman), and the ones who do the salvific act (the monk and the cow-womans son) are depicted in simple contradistinction. However, in the Genki, the monk is regarded to have received the power of the Lotus Sūtra, and advanced from a common human being to a saint, and as a result, both the cowwoman and the monk have come to be arranged in parallel as subjects who receive the Lotus Sūtra’s power. That is to say, in the Genki, the one who does the saving (the monk) and one who is saved (the cow-woman) are not in a simple contradistinction as above, but are dependent on each other for salvation by the power of the Lotus Sūtra. Furthermore, I suggest that the “ten worlds theory” (jūkkai-setsu, 十界説) which Chingen refers to in the preface, is one background factor that may have influenced how these special features of Genki no.106 came about.

1 0 0 0 OA 2001 2 紀要8

巻号頁・発行日
2001-04-01
著者
後藤 靖宏
出版者
日本認知心理学会
雑誌
日本認知心理学会発表論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2009, pp.142-142, 2009

ある楽器の演奏者が音楽を聴取する際,自身が演奏や訓練において長期間たずさわってきた楽器の音色を自発的に選択的聴取しているのかを実験的に検証した.ホルン奏者,ホルン以外の楽器奏者および楽器非経験者に対し,トランペット,ホルンおよびテューバで構成される金管楽器3重奏の旋律と,その旋律を音色ごとに変化させた旋律とを用いて再認課題を課し,3者の成績を比較した.その結果,ホルン奏者のみがホルンの旋律を変化させた課題の正答率が最も高かった.旋律聴取に際して特定の音色への注意喚起などをしなかったことを考えると,今回の結果は,楽器の演奏者が,自身が演奏している楽器の音に対して自発的に選択的聴取をしている可能性を示していると考えられる.
著者
村田 晶 小野 寺大 宮島 昌克 池本 敏和
出版者
公益社団法人 土木学会
雑誌
土木学会論文集A1(構造・地震工学) (ISSN:21854653)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.52-58, 2009 (Released:2011-04-30)
参考文献数
8

建物の地震被害に大きな影響を与える要素として,地震動特性については,近年飛躍的に発展を遂げた国内各種の強震観測網により,多くの情報が得られるようになった.しかし,能登半島地震のように地方では震度情報しか得られない事例も見られ,被害を推定するためにはより正確な地震動の推定が求められる.そこで本研究では,このように情報の少ない地区で地震動を推定するために,周辺の地震記録と常時微動観測を用いた地震動波形の推定を行うことで,建物被害との関係について検討を行う.その結果,推定した地震動と建物被害との関係を地震動の強さだけでなく地震動と建物の共振による被害について考察した.