著者

林 茂

出版者

日本医学教育学会

雑誌

医学教育 (ISSN:03869644)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.6, pp.412-415, 1988-12-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

著者

田中 康裕 鈴木 毅

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.632, pp.2107-2115, 2008-10-30

被引用文献数

1 5

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It is important that we associate with those who are not intimate with us. To clarify where contacts with these people take place, we paid attention to acquaintances of different generation for children and youth. The purpose of this article is to clarify where children and youth contact with acquaintances of different generation. The survey of this article is questionnaire to university students. This article clarified following things. Many people whom children and youth contact are considered to be "hosts of the place", who are always at the place, who cherish the place, and who play some role there. Because "hosts of the place" are always at particular place, if children and youth want to meet them, they can go there. And even if children and youth don't intend to meet them, they meet them inevitably when they go there. And many contacts with acquaintances of different generation take place not at public places but at semi-public places.

著者

吉田 天士 広石 伸互

出版者

日本微生物生態学会

雑誌

日本微生物生態学会講演要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, 2002-11-15

著者

小川 雅弘

出版者

大阪経大学会

雑誌

大阪経大論集 = Journal of Osaka University of Economics (ISSN:04747909)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.223-230, 2014-07

著者

Takeaki WADA

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.53-66, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 2

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Waste is generated as an unwanted byproduct of current business activities. Transforming waste products into a resource can enable firms to obtain raw material for free and reduce the cost of waste disposal. However, in general, firms are hesitant to accept the challenge of utilizing waste products because of organizational learning. Moreover, in the past, all challenges to transform waste products into a resource have failed. Thus, firms must unlearn the organizational learning that waste is “not a resource,” which inhibits their attempt to utilize waste products. Furthermore, in the beginning of development, there is no definite idea, and the process is far from the deliberate strategic process with clear objectives. The development process would be a deliberately emergent strategic process with only rough guidelines for attempting to transform waste into resources by any means. To achieve the objectives, firms have to patiently repeat trial and error, even if there are no short-term outcomes. This paper introduces the development process for N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) at the Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry (YSK) as an example of the successful commercialization of technology that utilizes waste. In the YSK example, (1) the spirit of mottainai that increases the value of the material to the maximum and becomes a significant driving force for unlearning, and (2) the leaning on the future principle in which one continues without losing hope even if there are no short-term results were the critical aspects that led to the successful transformation of waste into resources and is referred to as mottainai innovation.

著者

Yuki MITOMI Nobuo TAKAHASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.35-51, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 4

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The mutual learning model described in “Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning” (March, 1991) concludes that “slow learning on the part of individuals maintains diversity longer, thereby providing the exploration,” based on the results of computer simulations. However, the simulations of March (1991) excluded both ends of the socialization rate domain. When compensating for those missing portions, there is an optimal socialization rate that actually maximizes the average knowledge level. This is because low learning on the part of individuals actually causes frequent lock-ins and impedes learning. This optimal socialization rate may be a common rate for socialization, and we cannot deny this possibility by using only computer simulations. Moreover, this high knowledge level is achieved in a non-equilibrium state.

著者

Nobuyuki INAMIZU

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.15-34, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3

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The garbage can model created by Cohen, March, and Olsen (1972) explains organizational decision making under ambiguity. In the initial study outlining the model, a computer simulation was used for analysis. However, despite the appendix of Cohen et al. (1972) providing the Fortran source code for the simulation, subsequent studies rarely made any reference to the simulation model. In this study, we examine the simulation model of Cohen et al. by rebuilding the aforementioned source code. The results of our study clearly indicate the following three points. 1) the program created by Cohen et al. failed to detect the three decision-making styles (decision by resolution, decision by oversight, and decision by flight); 2) decision making sometimes occurred not only when choice opportunities had no problems but also when a choice opportunity had no decision maker; and 3) even when there were no problems attached to choice opportunities, the initial setting was programmed as though there were, perhaps to avoid the decision making seen in 2).

著者

Nobuo TAKAHASHI

出版者

グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター・東京大学MERC

雑誌

Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.1-14, 2015-02-15 (Released:2015-02-15)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3 9

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“Iron cage” appears to be mistranslated from Weber's “Gehäuse” by Parsons. Correctly speaking, it has been noted that the word should be translated as “shell,” which presents an extremely promising possibility in management studies: what appears to be a talisman on the front has rigid persons clinging onto the other side. If a shell has a competitive advantage, this would excuse the rigidity. However, if the shell is losing, or has already lost, its competitive advantage, clinging onto it becomes a problem. For example, Ford and IBM grew rapidly by clinging onto their shells―the Model T Ford in the case of Ford and the System/360 for IBM. However, these companies gradually went into decline later as their product design fossilized. Apart from product designs, it is easy to find examples of shells in companies that have experienced periods of growth and maturity, for example, retail networks, parent company sales power, real estate, patents, and franchise. Both managers and employees are fully aware that they can no longer expect growth as long as they cling onto their shell. Even so, the shell remains a source of rent. Hence, they are clinging onto it and are being driven to their ruin by inches.

著者

清水 徹

出版者

日本フランス語フランス文学会

雑誌

日本フランス語フランス文学会関東支部論集 (ISSN:09194770)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.1-30, 1999-12-20

著者

津田 恭充

出版者

日本カウンセリング学会

雑誌

カウンセリング研究 (ISSN:09148337)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.10-18, 2011 (Released:2012-02-29)

参考文献数

17

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本研究の目的は,不確実な対人場面における他者の本心の反すうが関係妄想的認知を生じうるということを検討することであった。関係妄想的認知には,ネガティブな主題のものとポジティブな主題のものがあるが,ポジティブな関係妄想的認知を測定する尺度は存在しない。そこで,研究1ではポジティブな関係妄想的認知尺度を開発した。大学生328名を対象に質問紙調査を行った。その結果,尺度の内的整合性,因子的妥当性,併存的妥当性が確認された。研究2では,大学生196名に,(1)ポジティブな関係妄想的認知尺度,(2)自己関係づけ尺度(ネガティブな関係妄想的認知尺度),(3)不確実な対人場面における他者の本心についての反すう尺度,(4)自尊感情尺度,に回答してもらった。自尊感情を統制した場合における,反すうから関係妄想的認知への影響を検討するため,共分散構造分析を行った。その結果,不確実な対人場面における他者の本心についての反すうは,ネガティブおよびポジティブな関係妄想的認知を引き起こしうることが示唆され,仮説は支持された。反すうと関係妄想的認知との因果関係を確証するための,実験的あるいは縦断的研究が求められる。

出版者

公共事業通信社

巻号頁・発行日

no.321, 1958-04

著者

Ryo Kamata Fujio Shiraishi Shinji Takahashi Akira Shimizu Daisuke Nakajima Shiho Kageyama Takushi Sasaki Kyosuke Temma

出版者

日本毒性学会

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.903-912, 2013-12-01 (Released:2013-11-09)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

7

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In the 1950s to 1970s developed countries reported declines in populations of raptorial and fish-eating birds and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites were considered causative substances because they accumulated significantly in the tissues of wild birds and animals. However, except for the estrogenic effects of o,p’-DDT, a minor component of commercial DDT, there has been no compelling evidence that DDT directly affects avian reproductive systems. To assess the possible impact of DDT on development and reproduction of birds, exposure experiments to the major component of commercial DDT, p,p’-DDT, and its persistent metabolite, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were performed using Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs; the test substances (3 to 100 μg/g) were injected into the yolk prior to incubation, and hatched chicks were raised to adulthood. p,p’-DDT had no significant effects on the morphology and function of the reproductive systems, although the hatchability of treated eggs was reduced at the highest dose (100 μg/g). High doses of p,p’-DDE slightly enhanced the eggshell forming ability of female quails; eggshell mass and thickness were increased at 30 μg/g or more although no morphological changes were observed in the oviduct. Transcriptions of the CYP11A1 gene in the ovaries, and of AHR and ARNT in the livers, of adult females were significantly increased at 3 μg/g or more of p,p’-DDT. Except for low hatchability, transovarian exposure to p,p’-DDT or p,p’-DDE did not markedly impair the avian reproductive systems, but the hormonal actions of these compounds are likely to change reproductive and hepatic functions even after maturation.

著者

東京書籍編集部第一編集課 [編]

出版者

東京書籍

巻号頁・発行日

1951

著者

水野 一典

出版者

四国民俗学会

雑誌

四国民俗 (ISSN:1343733X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.81-92, 2014-09

著者

石川 恵吉

出版者

琉球アジア社会文化研究会

雑誌

琉球アジア社会文化研究 (ISSN:13464760)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.1-30, 2014-11

著者

譚 静

出版者

神奈川大学日本常民文化研究所非文字資料研究センター

雑誌

年報非文字資料研究 (ISSN:18839169)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.439-458,図巻頭8-12, 2014-03

著者

譚 静 Tan Jing

出版者

神奈川大学日本常民文化研究所 非文字資料研究センター

雑誌

年報非文字資料研究 (ISSN:18839169)

巻号頁・発行日

no.10, pp.439-458,図巻頭8-12, 2014-03

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Yao is one of the 55 ethnic groups in China. It is widely distributed in the south part of China, for example, the Hunan province, Yunnan province, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong province and the Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam etc.)This article is emphasized on the Yao in Huangnigang Village, Lianhua Town, Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, which is located in the northwest part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region neighboring the Hunan province. So far the Yao people in this region still inherit an ancient sacrificial offering the Youmian liturgies (還家願儀礼). The Clergy will put the scrolls which are painted with Gods in front of the Way-place in order to make an altar during the ceremony. He also requests the visit to the altar of the gods, and blesses the ceremony going smoothly. After the ceremony is completely finished, the Gods will be sent off, the scrolls will be taken off and the altar will be cleaned. In the introduction of Zhang Jingjing (Department of Social Anthropology, Tokyo Metropolitan University),the author participated in the KingPan Festival (盤王祭) activities in Huangnigang Village during 25th-27th November, 2012. For Huangnigang Village, this was the first time to hold the KingPan Festival (盤王祭), but in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, it was not the first time. According to the Mao Hanling (毛漢領) and LuYe (陸葉)ʼs research (毛漢領/陸葉, pp 104-108, 2011), after the Sanjiang Town organized the first KingPan Festival (盤王祭) in October 1985, Lianhua Town held the second one in October 1986. Moreover, in 1988 Shuibin Village, Guanyin Yao Autonomous Town held for the third time and after that, the village organized the KingPan Festival (盤王祭) every three years and consecutively held it for 4 years. The KingPan Festival (盤王祭) is a ritual which Yao people worship their ancestors "Pan hu" (盤瓠). According to the《Dissatisfied Gods · Origin of barbarians》(Gan Bao / Akira Takeda, pp 260, 1964), the KingPan Festival (盤王祭) is documented as "mixed the rice and fish soup and meat together, knocking bamboo tray worship the king.". However, the KingPan Festival (盤王祭) nowadays is quite different from the ancient literatures. In addition, another important purpose is to protect the ethnic culture and promote the economic development of the Yaoʼs region. Under these context, this article will use the KingPan Festival (盤王祭) of Huangnigang Village, Lianhua Town in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County as an example to clarify the owner of the scrolls which have been used during the ceremony, the times of their creation, the making-process and the content of these paintings etc. With the help of this information, this article will discuss the profound meaning of using these ceremonial paintings.論文

著者

中田 友子 Nakata Tomoko ナカタ トモコ

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.237-270, 2014

著者

永山 ゆかり

出版者

北海道大学大学院文学研究科北方研究教育センター

雑誌

北方人文研究 (ISSN:1882773X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.7, pp.95-108, 2014-03

著者

菊地 英里香

出版者

中世哲学会 ; 1958-

雑誌

中世思想研究 (ISSN:03872971)

巻号頁・発行日

no.56, pp.49-63, 2014