著者

Retori Hiraoka Hirohiko Teishima Teruhiro Takabe Teruaki Suzuki Yoshito Tanaka

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.9-15, 2021 (Released:2020-12-24)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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The nonnative freshwater shrimp Palaemon sinensis (Sollaud, 1911) has been reported at various locations in Japan. This study compared environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis with conventional capturing and investigation as a method to detect P. sinensis in the Tama River. We developed species-specific primers to amplify a 225-bp fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene for eDNA analysis. The invasive shrimps were detected using eDNA analysis in all areas where they were observed using the capture and investigation method. Thus, eDNA analysis can be applied to detect sparsely distributed P. sinensis in the Tama River, making it a useful method to detect invasive shrimps and to help prevent ecological disruption.

著者

Katsuyuki Hamasaki Minako Ishii Shigeki Dan

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.17-27, 2021-02-23 (Released:2021-02-23)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1 8

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We investigated the seasonal variability in fecundity and egg size in a Petrolisthes japonicus population by monthly sampling for one year on an intertidal cobble and boulder shore on the Boso Peninsula, Japan. Fecundity (number of eggs per brood) was determined for ovigerous females with non-eyed or eyed eggs in early (May and June), middle (July) and late (August and September) breeding periods. The long and short diameters of non-eyed eggs were measured, and the egg volume was calculated. Fecundity was positively correlated with female body size and found to be greater in the middle breeding period than in the early and late breeding periods. Egg loss occurred during embryogenesis, the egg loss rate being calculated as 44.6%, 14.8% and 30.2% from the non-eyed to the eyed egg stages in the early, middle and late breeding periods, respectively. Egg size decreased linearly from the early to the late breeding periods. It is inferred that the seasonal variability in reproductive output, fecundity and egg size in P. japonicus may be regulated by female nutritional conditions and seasonal fluctuations of food production for larvae, as well as a trade-off between the number and size of eggs in a brood.

著者

Kazuya Nagasawa

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.55-64, 2021-04-01 (Released:2021-04-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 3

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A single ovigerous female of cymothoid isopod was collected from the branchial cavity of the African sailfin flyingfish, Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes, 1847) in Kadogawa Bay, an inlet of the western North Pacific Ocean, southern Japan. Although the isopod specimen differs from Norileca triangulata (Richardson, 1910) in the number of articles of the antennula and the absence of small setae on the propodus of pereopods 1 and 2, it is similar to the species. However, the species was poorly originally described, and there are several differences between the original and subsequent descriptions and the specimen. Thus, this study refrains from identifying the specimen to species and reports it as N. aff. triangulata. This represents the first record of Norileca from Japan. Five species of cymothoid isopods including N. aff. triangulata are now known from Japanese flyingfishes, and a parasite-host list is provided.

著者

Peter K. L. Ng

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.65-73, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

4

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A new genus and new species of potamid freshwater crab, Xestomon tacu, is described from Ta Kou mountain in southern Vietnam. The new genus is characterised by its transversely ovate and smooth carapace surface, the very low to undiscernible epigastric and postorbital cristae, complete absence of a flagellum on the third maxilliped, relatively short ambulatory legs, a male telson which is acutely triangular with the lateral margins distinctly concave, and a short stout male first gonopod which has the terminal segment gently curved upwards.

著者

Daisuke Uyeno Tadashi Tomizono Yoshiyuki Osako Kazuya Nagasawa

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.75-86, 2021-06-25 (Released:2021-06-25)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

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A lernaeid copepod, Lamproglena chinensis Yü, 1937, is redescribed based on the newly collected specimens from the snakehead Channa argus (Cantor) (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Channidae) caught in Lake Imuta, Satsumasendai, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, southern Japan and the type specimens of L. ophiocephali Yamaguti, 1939, a junior synonym of L. chinensis, from the Kizu River, Kyoto Prefecture. The adult male was found from Japan for the first time. The collection of the species in this study represents the first record from Kyushu. The previous records of L. chinensis and its related species reported from Asian countries are also reviewed.

著者

Sanshi Imai

出版者

The Botanical Society of Japan

雑誌

植物学雑誌 (ISSN:0006808X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.633, pp.392-399, 1939 (Released:2007-05-24)

被引用文献数

2 3

著者

谷口 清

出版者

NPO法人 日本自閉症スペクトラム支援協会 日本自閉症スペクトラム学会

雑誌

自閉症スペクトラム研究 (ISSN:13475932)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.19-27, 2013-03-28 (Released:2019-04-25)

参考文献数

9

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いじめは自我形成過程における対人関係の未熟性の結果,集団内の地位の向上や支配権の確立・拡大を図って攻撃を道具的に用いることにより発生する,との視点を紹介した上で,学齢期の教育相談事例から対人トラブルを主訴とする事例を抽出し,問題のカテゴリー分類を通して自閉症スペクトラム障害 (ASD),注意欠陥/多動性障害(ADHD)を含む発達障害と,いじめの関係を検討した。1)対人トラブルに は攻撃の意図性が明確な道具的攻撃と衝動統制を背景とする反応性の攻撃があり,加害・被害双方の視点 から把握する必要がある。2)学齢期の攻撃行動には男女差が認められ,女子の関係性攻撃が特徴的である。 3)ASD 事例は意図理解の困難から攻撃の対象となりやすく,個別的配慮が重要である。4)ADHD 事例等による攻撃は承認欲求の表れの場合もあるが,ASD を含む多くの発達障害事例の加害行為は衝動統制の問題 とみることができる。

著者

鍜治 伸裕 黒橋 禎夫

出版者

一般社団法人 言語処理学会

雑誌

自然言語処理 (ISSN:13407619)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.81-106, 2004-01-10 (Released:2011-03-01)

参考文献数

18

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言い換え処理は, 様々な自然言語処理アプリケーションで必要とされている非常に重要な技術である. 言い換え処理の一つとして, 本論文では「名詞+格助詞+動詞」という形の迂言表現と重複表現を国語辞典を用いて認識し, さらにそれらを言い換える手法を提案する. 迂言表現とは, 動詞が動作を表していない表現や, 名詞が動作の主体や対象を表わさずに動作の状態を表している表現のことである. そして重複表現とは, 動詞と名詞の問に意味の重複がある表現のことである. これらの表現には, 多くの場合, 同じ意味をより簡潔な形であらわした表現が存在する. 提案手法の認識処理と言い換え処理の精度を二人の被験者が判断したところ, 認識処理の精度は, 平均して適合率78%, 再現率52%であった. また, 言い換え処理の精度は平均して91%であった.

著者

藤原 康弘

出版者

関西英語教育学会

雑誌

KELESジャーナル (ISSN:24238732)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.42-47, 2020 (Released:2020-04-26)

著者

Takanori Miyoshi Hiroo Miyashita Naomi Matsuo Miki Odawara Minako Hori Yoichi Hiraki Hirofumi Kawanaka

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.10, pp.1413-1418, 2021-10-01 (Released:2021-10-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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The triplet antiemetic regimen is administered to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) after moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). However, the superiority of palonosetron over first-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonists in triplet antiemetic therapy remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of palonosetron (PALO) and granisetron (GRA) in triplet antiemetic therapy for CINV. This study included 267 patients who received MEC at our hospital between April 2017 and September 2020. Patients were pretreated with antiemetic therapy comprising PALO or GRA and dexamethasone on day 1 and aprepitant on days 1–3. We evaluated the rate of complete response (CR) (i.e., no vomiting and no use of rescue medication) in the acute phase (0–24 h), delayed phase (24–120 h), and overall phase (0–120 h) after first-cycle chemotherapy. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for non-CR. The rate of CR in the overall and delayed phases was significantly higher in the PALO group (91.9 and 91.9%, respectively) than in the GRA group (74.1 and 75.5%, respectively). In the acute phase, the incidence was not different between the GRA and PALO groups (96.5 and 99.2%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex and the use of GRA were risk factors for non-CR. Subgroup analysis revealed the superiority of PALO over GRA in female patients, but not in male patients. In conclusion, PALO was more effective than GRA in triplet antiemetic therapy in preventing CINV during MEC, especially for female patients.

著者

秦 藤樹

出版者

日本細菌学会

雑誌

日本細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:00214930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.677-681, 1983-07-25 (Released:2009-02-19)

参考文献数

12

著者

山田 一孝 上野 博史

出版者

動物臨床医学会

雑誌

動物臨床医学 (ISSN:13446991)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.27-29, 2003 (Released:2007-11-02)

参考文献数

5

著者

美馬 達哉

出版者

日本スポーツ社会学会

雑誌

スポーツ社会学研究 (ISSN:09192751)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.7-18, 2015-03-30 (Released:2016-06-03)

参考文献数

15

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「治療を超えて」生物医学的テクノロジーを健常人に対して用いることで、認知能力や運動能力を向上させようとする試みは、「エンハンスメント(Enhancement)」として1990年代後半以降から社会学や生命倫理学の領域で注目を集めている。とくにスポーツの分野では、新しいトレーニング手法、エンハンスメント、ドーピング、身体改造などの境界は問題含みの混乱状況にある。本稿では、医療社会学の観点から、まず、カンギレムの『正常と病理』での議論を援用して、正常、異常、病理、アノマリーなどの諸概念を整理し、正常/異常が文化的・社会的な価値概念であることを明確化した。 次に、スポーツと身体能力のエンハンスメントに力点を置いて、エンハンスメントをめぐる生命倫理学での議論を概観した。病者への治療(トリートメント:treatment)と健常者へのエンハンスメントを対比して、前者を肯定し後者を否定して線引きする伝統的な議論では不十分であることを、具体的実例を挙げて示した。また、資質と努力の賜物としての達成(アチーブメント:achievement)とエンハンスメントを対比して、前者の徳としての重要性を指摘する議論を紹介した。加えて、本稿は、エンハンスメントの根本問題とは何かという点で、現代社会のテクノロジーによる人間的自然の支配こそが再考されなければならないという視点に立って、エンハンスメントを超える展望を提示した。

著者

大山 貴稔

出版者

国際開発学会

雑誌

国際開発研究 (ISSN:13423045)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.33-47, 2021-06-30 (Released:2021-07-27)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

1

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In 2015, the Development Cooperation Charter, which clearly stated “ensuring Japan's national interests” as part of the “objectives of development cooperation,” was decided by Japan's Cabinet. This charter triggered debates on what the purpose of development cooperation policy should be and why “ensuring Japan's national interests” was specified. What these studies revealed was a synchronic link-age with the policies undertaken by the Abe administration at the time, which meant that the social norms of altruism, that development cooperation policies should be implemented for the welfare of others, had already faded. When and how did the social norms of altruism weaken with regard to Japan's development cooperation policy? In this paper, I examine the period from the 1970s to the early 2000s, in order to clarify the process of normative transition from altruism to self-interest through historical discourse analysis. Altruism here is defined as a social norm constructed by discourses that emphasize the humanitarian aspects of aid, positioning development cooperation policies as a means to fulfill international “responsibilities” and “contributions.” Self-interest, on the other hand, is defined as a social norm constructed by discourses that encourages “Japan's visible assistance” based on “national interests ”and“ strategy.” This analysis mainly revealed that (1) as early as the 1980s, the slump in plant exports triggered the Japan Business Federation to ask the Japanese government for“Japan's visible assistance ”based on “national interests” and “strategies,” (2) around the mid-1990s, fiscal retrenchment and the securitization of Northeast Asia led to the spread of self-interest social norm in Japanese society. These results reveal that the foregrounding of self-interest was a process of re-enforcing the linkage between development cooperation policies and domestic economic conditions, which in turn suggests the contemporary question of whether there is any alternative form of linkage between development cooperation policies and domestic conditions.

著者

石田 英子 大戸 梅治 清水 敏之

出版者

日本結晶学会

雑誌

日本結晶学会誌 (ISSN:03694585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2-3, pp.108-113, 2017-06-30 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

19

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Fertilization, the crucial step in sexual reproduction, requires the fusion of haploid sperm and egg to create a genetically distinct offspring. Despite many studies on mammalian fertilization, the molecular mechanisms underlining the membrane fusion remain largely unknown. At present, IZUMO1 on the sperm surface and JUNO on the egg surface are known as the only protein pair essential for fertilization. In this review, we focus on the crystal structures of human IZUMO1, JUNO and IZUMO1-JUNO complex. These structures reveal the molecular mechanism of mammalian gamete recognition, and provide information for development of non-hormonal contraceptive agents.

著者

中野 俊雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本鋳造工学会

雑誌

鋳造工学 (ISSN:13420429)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.161-166, 2011-03-25 (Released:2016-01-01)

参考文献数

19

著者

熊谷 勝男 安保 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.9-16, 1979-01-25 (Released:2009-05-25)

参考文献数

10

著者

勅使河原 彩織 茂木 義輝 阿部 真也 松井 洸 山口 浩 吉町 昌子 野村 和彦 富澤 明子 成井 浩二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本医薬品情報学会

雑誌

医薬品情報学 (ISSN:13451464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.61-71, 2021-08-31 (Released:2021-09-25)

参考文献数

6

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Objective: There have been reports of health hazards caused by medical devices, cosmetics, quasi-drugs, daily necessities, hygiene products, etc. (health-related products) sold in pharmacies and drugstores. However, the role pharmacists play in dealing with the health hazards caused by health-related products has not been clarified. Therefore, we conducted a survey on the cases of health hazards related to health-related products and the views of pharmacists.Methods: A questionnaire was administered anonymously by email to 601 pharmacists working in community pharmacies or drugstores between December 11 and 20, 2019.Results: The number of valid responses was 585. The breakdown of health hazard cases where pharmacists counseled customers were 60 for medical devices, 31 for cosmetics, 18 for quasi-drugs, 9 for hygiene products, and 20 for daily necessities and others. Of those 138 cases, 19 cases of medical devices were estimated to have an intermediate risk as a health hazard, and the other 119 cases were all classified as low. Of the cases that the pharmacists were not approached for help, but were aware of, 57 were medical devices (21 high, 31 intermediate, 5 low), 44 were cosmetics (12 intermediate, 32 low), 12 were quasi-drugs (7 intermediate, 5 low), 7 were hygiene products (7 low), and 64 were daily necessities and others (26 high, 34 intermediate, 4 low). With regard to health-related products, 95% of the respondents indicated that they had responded to customer questions with advice.Conclusion: Our results show that there are various cases that could develop into health hazards due to health-related products, and most respondents felt a need to alert the public. As such, pharmacists and other staffs in drugstores will continue to provide health support functions to their customers by advising them on not only pharmaceuticals but also these health-related products.

著者

堀 賀貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.705, pp.2563-2570, 2014-11-30 (Released:2014-11-30)

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In Pompeii, a two-way traffic was impossible except for limited arteries, such as Strada Stabia and Viae della Fortuna, di Nola, and dell'Abbondanza. It has been suggested that cart-drivers adhered to the principle of driving on the right-hand side of streets. However, at the Nola, Sarno and Nocera gates, through which an one-way vehicle traffic was possible, vehicles had lay-bys on the left-hand sides. And the ruts remaining on the streets, which can provide the direction of carts, reveal that the carts were driven on the centre of the streets in both directions on via del Tempio di Iside.

著者

堀 賀貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.671, pp.165-172, 2012-01-30 (Released:2012-03-05)

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In Pompeii, two underground conduits have not functioned systematically as the main drainage to discharge the fountain runoff and rainwater. The forum had been isolated from the network of street drainage system, and a raised surface on the street north of the forum prevented the runoff from flowing into the forum. The four sewer holes caught the excess water running on 5 surface drain lines of which each collected the water from three or four street fountains and water towers. To control the water running on the street would have taken a water distribution system like the one already existing.