著者
Kyoko FUKUMOTO Takashi KOBAYASHI Kazuo KOMAMURA Shiro KAMAKURA Masafumi KITAKAZE Kazuyuki UENO
出版者
日本薬物動態学会 会長/日本薬物動態学会 DMPK編集委員長
雑誌
Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (ISSN:13474367)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.6, pp.423-427, 2005 (Released:2006-01-11)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
13 11

We investigated whether there was a stereoselective effect of amiodarone on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol. Among a series of 106 inpatients with heart failure, 52 received carvedilol monotherapy (carvedilol group) and 54 received carvedilol plus amiodarone (carvedilol+amiodarone group). The serum carvedilol concentration administered/dose ratio was compared between the two groups based on HPLC measurement of the serum levels of carvedilol, amiodarone, and desethylamiodarone. In 6 patients from the carvedilol group, serum carvedilol levels were compared before and after coadministration of amiodarone. There was no significant between-group difference of the serum concentration to dose (C/D ratio) for the R-enantiomer carvedilol, however, the C/D ratio for the S-enantiomer and the serum S-carvedilol to R-carvedilol (S/R) ratio were both significantly lower in the carvedilol group than in the carvedilol+amiodarone group(47.8±56.7 versus 95.3±105 ng/mg/kg, P=0.0048 and 0.460±0.207 versus 0.879±0.377 ng/mg/kg, P<0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the mean S-carvedilol concentration over 14 days of coadministration with amiodarone was higher than that before coadministration (6.54±1.73 ng/mL versus 3.03±0.670 ng/mL, P<0.001). These results suggest that metabolism of S-carvedilol was markedly inhibited by coadministration of amiodarone.
著者
Mika Morikawa Rina Naito Koichi Mita Satoshi Watabe Kazunari Nakaishi Teruki Yoshimura Toshiaki Miura Seiichi Hashida Etsuro Ito
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会
雑誌
Biophysics and Physicobiology (ISSN:21894779)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.79-86, 2015 (Released:2015-11-12)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
1 16

Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes, and it demonstrates antidiabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the patterns of change in urinary adiponectin levels in various diseases remain unknown, because only trace amounts of the hormone are present in urine. In the present study, we applied an ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thio-NAD cycling to measure urinary adiponectin levels. Spike-and-recovery tests using urine confirmed the reliability of our ultrasensitive ELISA. The limit of detection for adiponectin in urine was 2.3×10–19 moles/assay (1.4 pg/mL). The urinary adiponectin concentration ranged between 0.04 and 5.82 ng/mL in healthy subjects. The pilot study showed that the urinary adiponectin levels, which were corrected by the creatinine concentration, were 0.73±0.50 (ng/mg creatinine, N=6) for healthy subjects, versus 12.02±3.85 (ng/mg creatinine, N=3) for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). That is, the urinary adiponectin levels were higher (P<0.05) in DM patients than in healthy subjects. Further, these urinary adiponectin levels tended to increase with the progression of DM accompanied with nephropathy. Our method is thus expected to provide a simple, rapid and reasonably priced test for noninvasive monitoring of the progression of DM without the requirement of special tools.
著者
榊原 博樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本内科学会
雑誌
日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.2, pp.227-233, 1996-02-10 (Released:2008-06-12)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
2 5

アスピリン喘息はアラキドン酸シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害をトリガーにして発症する.アスピリンだけではなく,すべての非ステロイド性抗炎症薬が喘息発作を惹起する.アスピリン喘息の頻度は成人の通年性喘息の9.8%と推定できる.ただし,病歴から診断できるのは60%の症例である.診断を確定するためには負荷試験が必要である.コハク酸エステル型ステロイド薬が喘息を誘発したり増悪させたりすることがある.
著者
佐藤 俊哉
出版者
応用統計学会
雑誌
応用統計学 (ISSN:02850370)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.1, pp.21-34, 1994-09-30 (Released:2009-06-12)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
9 9

Intent-to-treat解析に関してはさまざまな議論がある.多くの生物統計家がランダム化臨床試験では必須の解析であるとしているものの,ランダムに割り付けられた治療の効果が正しく評価可能であった対象だけを解析すべき,または両者を併用すべき,などの方針も容認されている.これは,intent-to-treat解析は治療が臨床に導入された後に起こり得る状況をも考慮した実践的な解析で,プロトコルを遵守した治療効果評価可能例のみの解析は生物学的な効果を調べるための研究的な解析である,という認識にもとづいている.本論文では,intent-to-treat解析による治療効果の検定と治療効果の推定について因果推論の立場から議論し,治療効果の検定に関してはintent-to-treat解析は正しく因果帰無仮説の検定を行っていること,一般に「実践的」と考えられているのはintent-to-treat解析による治療効果の推定であることを明らかにする.さらに,プロトコルを遵守した治療効果評価可能例のみの解析でも因果パラメータを正しく推定できないことを示し,ランダム化にもとづいたintent-to-treat解析で因果パラメータを推定する方法を提案する.この方法は因果パラメータに強い生物学的な仮定を必要とするが,ランダム化にもとづいたノンパラメトリックな治療効果の推定を実施できるという利点を持っている.
著者
小野 博紀 内海 彰
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.1, pp.12-21, 2015-01-01 (Released:2015-01-06)
参考文献数
16

Causal knowledge is important for decision-making and risk aversion. However, it takes much time and effort to extract causal knowledge manually from a large-scale corpus. Therefore, many studies have proposed several methods for automatically extracting causal knowledge. These methods use a variety of linguistic or textual cues indicating causality on the basis of the assumption that causally related events tend to co-occur within a document. However, because of this assumption, they cannot extract causal knowledge that is not explicitly described in a document. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel method for extracting causal knowledge not explicitly described in a document using time series analysis of events. In our method, event expressions, which are represented by a pair of a noun phrase and a verb phrase, are extracted from newspaper articles. These extracted event expressions are clustered into distinct events, and the burst of the appearance of these clustered events is detected. Finally, using the time series data with burst, it is judged whether any event pairs have a causal relationship by Granger Causality test. We demonstrate through an evaluation experiment that the proposed method successfully extracts valid causal knowledge, almost all of which cannot be extracted by existing cue-based methods.
著者
萩 浩司 牧川 方昭 飯泉 仁美
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生体医工学会
雑誌
医用電子と生体工学 (ISSN:00213292)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.4, pp.334-342, 1995 (Released:2011-10-14)
参考文献数
19

In this study we have developed a transcutaneous digital communication technique by using Pulse-Code-Modulated (PCM) infrared rays. The communication protocol examined here is serial, asynchronous and half duplex. The electric power should be considered for a computer system implanted inside the body, because it is driven by batteries and the power is insufficient. Its size should also be miniaturized as small as possible. Therefore the following methods were adopted here; the weak infrared rays emitted inside the body were received by a high sensitive avalanche photodiode; the infrared rays of high brightness was used to send data into inside of the body; and the digital data were converted into an optical signal after the pulse-code-modulation (PCM). This modulation yields some advantages; 1) absorbing the response delay of the photosensor, 2) intensifying infrared rays luminescence outside body and 3) saving the electric power on the luminescence inside body. Some communication experiments were done by using pork with the skin; the communication speed was 9600 baud from inside to outside and 1200 baud in the opposite direction, 15 infrared LEDs were set for outside of the body, 4 for inside, three nickel hydride batteries of 1200mAh were used for an electric power inside the body. As a result, a stable bi-directional digital communication was realized through the skin and the pork of about 9cm and it could continue to operate for about 19 hours.
著者
桑嶋 健一 住吉 保人
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 グローバルビジネスリサーチセンター
雑誌
赤門マネジメント・レビュー (ISSN:13485504)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.9, pp.313-352, 2014-09-25 (Released:2015-09-25)
参考文献数
29

本稿では、発売以来長期にわたり世界シェアトップを維持している日立化成の「アニソルム」のケースを対象として、機能性化学品の製品開発と持続的競争優位について検討する。事例分析より、粘り強い用途開発、顧客との連携、技術蓄積、提案型の開発、特許戦略、統合型のビジネスモデルの構築といった要因が、長期的な競争優位の維持に貢献していたことが明らかにされる。
出版者
東北地理学会
雑誌
季刊地理学 (ISSN:09167889)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.2, pp.94-152, 2014 (Released:2015-08-01)
著者
藤井 正美 石丸 泰隆 高橋 幸広 惠上 博文 西田 秀樹 岡 紳爾 調 恒明
出版者
日本公衆衛生学会
雑誌
日本公衆衛生雑誌 (ISSN:05461766)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.62, no.10, pp.609-616, 2015 (Released:2015-11-25)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

目的 てんかんは人口の約 1%を占める決して珍しくない病気であり,近年,高齢化とともにてんかん患者が増加している。また就学,就労,運転免許などの社会生活面や障がい者福祉などでも患者は多くの問題を抱えている。しかしてんかん患者の抱える問題が地域保健行政に十分理解されているとは言い難く,医療・介護・福祉の連携体制の不備も指摘されている。そこで,てんかんに関する地域保健活動の実態を把握し,今後の支援体制や啓発活動に活用することを目的に全国保健所を対象に実態調査を行なった。方法 全国490か所の保健所を対象にてんかんの地域保健支援体制に関するアンケートを実施した。方法は自記式調査票を保健所に郵送,担当保健師 1 人が代表して回答・返送する形式とし,平成26年 9~10月に実施した。調査内容は保健所で受けたてんかんに関する相談の有無および内容,研修会等実施の有無,保健所で扱う難病および感染性疾患の研修との対比等とした。結果 全国347保健所から回答を得た(回収率71%)。内訳は都道府県型保健所(県型)263か所(72%),指定都市・中核市・政令市・特別区保健所(市型)84か所(67%)であった。保健師がてんかんに関する相談を受けた経験は73%(県型69%,市型88%)であり,市型に多かったが(P<0.01),適切に対応できるという回答はわずか10%であった(県型,市型で差はなし)。相談の内容は医療機関,症状・将来の不安が多かった。保健師が把握している研修会の開催は専門職,住民対象がともに 8%であり,県型(専門職,住民ともに 5%)に比べ市型(専門職17%,住民18%)で多く開催されていた(P<0.01)。またこの割合は他の保健所が扱う疾患の研修会(21%~70%)と比べ有意に少なかった(P<0.01)。てんかんについての知識は保健師の76%が必要と考え,60%は研修会があれば参加したいと回答した。結論 多くの保健所保健師はてんかんに関する相談を受けている反面,適切には回答できていないと感じている。またてんかんの知識は必要と感じているが,研修等を通して知識の修得ができない境遇にある。これらの結果を踏まえ,今後はてんかん学会・協会,医師会,医療機関等が行政と恊働し,てんかんの啓発活動を地域保健に取り入れることが重要である。さらに都道府県単位に包括的高度専門てんかんセンター等を設置し,行政保健師や介護・福祉・教育等専門職が情報収集のできる環境整備が望まれる。
著者
Yasushi Hori Manami Fujisawa Kenji Shimada Yasuo Hirose Toshiharu Yoshioka
出版者
公益社団法人日本薬学会
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.1, pp.7-13, 2006 (Released:2006-01-01)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
23 43 32

We investigated a method for the simultaneous screening, identification, and quantitative determination of salicylic acid, acetaminophen, theophylline, barbiturates, and bromvalerylurea, drugs that frequently cause acute poisoning in Japan and therefore require rapid analysis for effective treatment in the clinical setting. The method employs liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (LC/MS) of solid-phase extracted serum samples. For LC/MS ionization, the electrospray-ionization method was used, with acetaminophen in the positive-ion mode, and salicylic acid, theophylline, phenobarbital, bromvalerylurea, pentobarbital, amobarbital, and o-acetamidophenol (internal standard) in the negative-ion mode, the base ions were used in each case for quantitative analysis. Quantitation was possible for the following sample concentration ranges: salicylic acid and acetaminophen, 100 to 5 μg/ml; theophylline, 100 to 0.5 μg/ml; and phenobarbital, bromvalerylurea, pentobarbital, and amobarbital, 100 to 1 μg/ml. Using full-scan mass spectrometry, the lower detection limits of 1 μg/ml for salicylic acid and acetaminophen, 0.1 μg/ml for theophylline, and 0.5 μg/ml for phenobarbital, bromvalerylurea, pentobarbital, and amobarbital were adequate for identifying acute poisoning. When each compound was added to serum to a final concentration of 5 μg/ml and solid-phase extraction was performed using Oasis HLB 1-cc (30-mg), the mean recovery rate of each compound was 89.2 to 96.1% (n=5), and the coefficients of variation of the intraday and interday assays were 3.55 to 6.05% (n=5) and 3.68 to 6.38% (n=5), respectively, which are acceptable. When this method of analysis was applied in testing the sera of a female patient who had consumed a large amount of an unknown commercial drug, salicylic acid and bromvalerylurea were identified, and the treatment strategy could be determined in accordance with the serum concentration of those drugs.
著者
松井 晋 Audrey STERNALSKI Christelle ADAM-GUILLERMIN 笠原 里恵 五十嵐 悟 横田 清美 渡辺 守 上田 恵介
出版者
日本鳥学会
雑誌
日本鳥学会誌 (ISSN:0913400X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.2, pp.169-174, 2015 (Released:2015-12-13)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
2

福島第一原子力発電所事故から1年後の2012年に東京,長野,茨城,福島を含む地上から1 mの空間線量率が0.11-21.4(μGy/h)の地点で回収したカラ類(シジュウカラParus minorもしくはヤマガラPoecile varius)の主にコケ類を用いて作られた巣材の放射性セシウム[Cs-134+Cs-137]濃度は6.6-6,128.9(Bq/g dry weight, n=14)となり,空間線量率が高い場所で採集した巣材ほど,巣材の放射性セシウム濃度が高くなる傾向があった.これらの結果は,地上1 mの空間線量率は相対的な巣材の汚染レベルの指標になりうることを示唆し,空間線量率の高い地域ほど巣材に含まれる放射性物質から繁殖期に卵,雛,親が近接的に受ける外部被曝線量率が増加すると考えられた.
著者
Chisato Tomoda Yuna Ogimi Fumi Saito Chie Masaki Junko Akaishi Kenichi Matsuzu Akifumi Suzuki Takashi Uruno Keiko Ohkuwa Hiroshi Shibuya Wataru Kitagawa Mitsuji Nagahama Kiminori Sugino Koichi Ito
出版者
(社)日本内分泌学会
雑誌
Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.EJ15-0631, (Released:2015-12-10)
被引用文献数
1 6

Metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is an uncommon cause of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and the characteristics and clinical course have been rarely described. Herein, we report a retrospective review of the clinical course of 18 patients (15 women and 3 men) with MPE from DTC who underwent treatment at our institution between January 2005 and December 2014. MPE from DTC was diagnosed based on cytology and/or level of thyroglobulin in the pleural fluid. Pathologically, papillary carcinoma was found in 16 patients and follicular carcinoma in 2 patients. Median ages at initial diagnosis of DTC and MPE were 64 years (range, 22-79) and 74 years (range, 39-86), respectively. All patients showed radiologically apparent lung metastases, with MPE developing after 0-212 months (median, 25). In 16 patients (88.9%), other coexistent distant metastases at the time of MPE diagnosis were found in the bone (n = 10), brain (n = 5), and skin (n = 2). All patients were treated conservatively with palliative thoracentesis or chest tube drainage with or without pleurodesis. Recurrent MPE after treatment was seen in 9 patients; discharge to home health care after treatment for MPE was possible for 14 patients. The overall survival after initial diagnosis varied considerably from 14 months to 37 years, but the median survival after appearance of MPE was 10 months (range, 1-28). Systemic therapy for iodine-resistant recurrent thyroid disease may need to be considered as a treatment option for patients with MPE.
著者
宮崎 修集
出版者
公益社団法人 日本金属学会
雑誌
まてりあ (ISSN:13402625)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.2, pp.179-184, 1996-02-01 (Released:2011-08-11)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
2 3 9
著者
今井 未来 水山 元
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.I-F77, (Released:2015-12-16)
参考文献数
31

Recently, prediction markets are also used for estimating preferences, whose correct answer will not be revealed even after the market is closed, and, when used for the purpose, they are called preference markets. In order to utilize a preference market for estimating the attractiveness of product concepts expressed as combinations of various attributes, two technical questions remain to be answered. Firstly, how to estimate the preference on every possible combination of the attributes under consideration based on the results from a preference market comparing only a limited number of concepts? Secondly, how to incentivize the participants in the preference market to provide their estimation truthfully? This paper, therefore, develops a new product concept evaluation system by combining preference markets with conjoint analysis, and proposes three guidelines for how to determine the payoff for prediction securities. They are (1) to determine the payoff not directly from the security prices but indirectly through a model; (2) to run multiple markets in parallel if possible and use the results from all of them when determining the payoff; and (3) to use smoothed values instead of the final values as the security prices for determining the payoff. Moreover, the proposed system is tested with a simple evolutionary game simulation.
著者
石田 利永子 本田 晋也 高田 広章 福井 昭也 小川 敏行 田原 康宏
出版者
日本ソフトウェア科学会
雑誌
コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.4, pp.4_219-4_243, 2012-10-25 (Released:2012-11-25)
被引用文献数
2

近年,組込みシステムの分野においてもマルチプロセッサシステムの利用が進んでいる.組込みシステムはシステム毎に求められる性質が異なり,リアルタイム性が要求されるシステムや,スループットが求められるシステム,両方の要件を同時に要求されるシステムも存在する.既存の組込みシステム向けマルチプロセッサ用RTOSは,いずれか一方の要求を満たす実装がされている.そこで,TOPPERS/FMPカーネルは,両方の要求を満たすよう設計実装を行った.リアルタイム性を確保するため,RTOSが自動的にロードバランスを行うことはしない.しかし,スループット向上と,システムに最適なロードバランス方式をサポートできるように,アプリケーションからの要求(APIによる要求)によりタスクを実行するプロセッサを変更するマイグレーション機能を提供する.本稿では,TOPPERS/FMPカーネルのマイグレーション機能の設計と実装について述べる.設計・実装したマイグレーション機能を使用して,アプリケーションレベルで複数のロードバランス方式を実現できることを確認した.
著者
海老根 英雄
出版者
公益財団法人 日本醸造協会
雑誌
日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.10, pp.697-702, 1990-10-15 (Released:2011-09-20)
参考文献数
6

ソ連のチェルノブイリ原発の事故の後, ヨーロッパでは放射能汚染に対する効果への期待で, 味噌は大いに活躍した。またアメリカでも味噌は自然食・健康食品運動ばかりでなく, 新しい調味用食材として幅広い利用面が開発されつつある。
著者
三雲 健 大塚 道男 尾池 和夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.3, pp.213-225, 1970-09-28 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
1

The focal mechanism of 20 microearthquakes in the Wakayama region have been determined from the seismograms recorded at ten temporary stations and eight routine network stations covering the region.The hypocenters of the earthquakes have been determined for five different crustal models (with a continuously varied velocity profile), to estimate the accuracy of their location and the emergent angle of seismic rays at the focus. The radiation pattern of P wave first motions for the 15 shocks, which was corrected for an appropriate crustal structure, can be interpreted by the double-couple type mechanism with dipping nodal planes.The average of the maximum pressure axes is oriented nearly horizontally along the N70°W-S70°E direction, while the axes of the maximum tension show a steep dip in many cases. If a slip dislocation is assumed to be a likely model of the earthquakes, the source would be thrust faulting with a predominant component of dip slip. The other five earthquakes shows, however, the radiation pattern inconsistent with the double-couple type mechanism.
著者
石川 有三 尾池 和夫
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地震学会
雑誌
地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.2, pp.171-181, 1982-06-25 (Released:2010-03-11)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
3

Ten reservoir induced earthquakes were investigated. The relation between the dam height and the maximum magnitude of the induced earthquake was found. We show that there are the magnitude limit of earthquake related with the dam height. The Shenwo earthquake, this was only one exception of this relation, wasn't far from the 1975 Haicheng earthquake. It occurred only 43 days before the Haicheng earthquake. We think the Shenwo earthquake occurred in the precursory period of the Haicheng earthquake. So we concluded that it occurred under the special tectonic condition just before the large earthquake.Fault plane solutions for reservoir induced earthquakes were also compared with those for natural ones. We got the result that the directions of P-axis and T-axis for induced earthquakes were not always same to those for natural ones. So, we concluded that induced earthquakes occurred in the faults which were weakened by the permeated water rather than in the faults which were easily dislocated by the tectonic force. Large aftershocks of the Xinfengjiang earthquake were investigated and we showed the examples of the shock induced by loading and unloading.The b-values for the aftershocks of induced earthquakes were calculated, but we got only one b-value for natural one which could be compared to induced one and there was no significant difference between them.